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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during WALPOLE cruise from Ingelee to Bombay started at 1750-03-14 [dataset]. British Library, London, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747138, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 9.582453 * Median Longitude: 69.207736 * South-bound Latitude: 5.970000 * West-bound Longitude: 55.860000 * North-bound Latitude: 18.930000 * East-bound Longitude: 84.650000
Event(s):
Walpole_17500314_BL_L/MAR/B/293H * Latitude Start: 7.030000 * Longitude Start: 84.650000 * Latitude End: 18.500000 * Longitude End: 72.820000 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Walpole, Start of voyage: 1750-03-25, End of voyage: 1750-06-11, Voyage: Ingelee - Bombay, 1st Observer: Benjamin Lowe (Captain), 2nd Observer: Thomas Fea (1st Officer/Master), Company: EIC, Other ship information: 32G 498BM
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
Date/time startDate/time start
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
10 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
11 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
12 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
13 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
15 Current speed descriptionV descr
16 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
17 Present weatherwwWeather description
18 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
19 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
20 ClearnessClearness
21 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
22 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
23 FogFog1 If fog was reported
24 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
25 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
26 HailHail1 If hail was reported
27 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
28 CommentComment
29 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1040 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/time start

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)

-
(1 If position is considered t...)
10 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
11 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
12 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
13 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
14 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
15 
V descr
16 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
17 
ww
(Weather description)
18 
Precip descr
19 
State sea descr
20 
Clearness
21 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
22 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
23 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
24 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
25 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
26 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
27 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
28 
Comment
29 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1750-03-25T06:007.0384.65225NW3/4W88.000SWBS, SW, SWBW, SWLATTER SQUALLYTHUNDER AND LIGHTNINGRAINCONFUSED SEA FROM THE WFIRST AND MID FAIR.0100100273614
1750-03-26T06:007.0784.153611.0N72W32.000SWBW, SWBS, SBW, SSE, CALMLITTLE TO NONELIGHT AIRS AND CALMCONFUSED SEA FROM THE WHAZY0000000273615
1750-03-27T06:007.1383.801581.0N80W22.000S, CALM, EBS, SE, SSELIGHT AIRS AND CALMCLOSE HAZY0000000273616
1750-03-28T06:007.0883.281809.3S63W40.000SE, SW, SWBS, WSW, SFIRST AND MID LIGHT AIRS AND CALM, LATTER PLEASANT GALESCLOSE HAZY0000000273617
1750-03-29T06:007.0882.753629.3S63W40.000SEBS, CALM, NE, VARIABLEFIRST AND MID LIGHT AIRS AND CALM, LATTER PLEASANT GALESCLOSE HAZY0000000273618
1750-03-30T07:006.6782.05270EXTREMES OF LANDSW - WBN561.000NE, SBE, NW, NBW, WVARIABLE AND UNSETLED SQUALLY0000000273619
1750-03-31T07:006.3281.90349SHORE936.000S, SBE, NNE, NBWVARIABLERAINCLOSE CLOUDY0100000273620
1750-04-12T07:006.0379.0627015.4N26W45.000WBN, WBS, WMODERATE GALESCHIEFLY FAIR0000000273621
1750-04-13T07:006.2578.88259NW1/2N17.000WBS, WBN, W, WBSVARIABLE WITH VERY UNSETTLED SQUALLY DIRTY WEATHERLIGHTING0000100273622
1750-04-14T07:006.8878.51236N30W44.000CALM, WBS, W, WSW, SWBWVARIABLE WITH VERY UNSETTLED SQUALLY DIRTY WEATHERLIGHTINGCONTINUED HARD RAIN0100100273623
1750-04-15T07:007.5577.39280N59W78.00-1WNW, SW, NWBW, WBNSQUALLYTHUNDER AND LIGHTNINGRAINCLOUDY0100100273624
1750-04-16T00:00362HIGHLAND OF CAPE COMERINEENE - N6NW QTR77.00SW, WSW, SWBS, S, VARIABLEUNSETTLEDTHUNDER AND LIGHTNINGRAINUNSETTLED0100100273625
1750-04-17T00:00135HIGHLAND OF CAPE COMERINEEBN5NW QTR47.00SW, CALM, S, SEUNSETTLED SQUALLYTHUNDER AND LIGHTNINGHEAVY RAINUNSETTLED0100100273626
1750-04-18T00:003610.0HIGHLAND OF CAPE COMERINEE14NW QTR21.00SW, WBN, WNW, NWBW, CALMCALMCLOSE AND SULTY0000000273627
1750-04-19T00:00304LANDNNE1/2 - E16NW QTR60.00SBE, WBN, W, WNW, NWBWMOSTLY FAIR, THEN CLOUDY0000000273628
1750-04-20T07:008.6076.45361LANDEBS/2S - NE8W52.00-1WNW, W, WBS, CALMSSTRONG1ST AND MID LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER UNSETTLEDSMART CLAPS OF THUNDER AND LIGHTNINGRAINFAIR0100100273629
1750-04-21T07:009.1075.94362EBS1/2S - EBN12W52.00-1NWBW, WBN, WSW, W, VARIABLEVERY UNSETTLEDSULTRY AND HOT. SMART CLAPS OF THUNDER AND LIGHTNING0000100273630
1750-04-22T07:009.6075.433611.0EBS1/2S - ENE9NW QTR20.00-1CALM, NWBW, W, WNW, CALMLIGHT AIRS AND CALMSULTRY AND HOT0000000273631
1750-04-23T07:009.5374.903599.3S76W83.00-1WNW, SSE, NW, NNW, NPLEASANT GALESFAIR0000000273632
1750-04-24T07:009.1373.733259.3S69W75.00-1NNW, NW, NWBW, NWBNPLEASANT GALESSMOOTH WATERFAIR0000000273633
1750-04-25T07:008.8772.963482.6S87W46.00-1NBW, NNW, NWBN, NW, NBWLIGHT BREEZESSMOOTH WATERFINE0000000273634
1750-04-26T07:008.4072.233622.6S72W16.00-3NBW, NWBN, NNW, NW, VARIABLELIGHT BREEZESSMOOTH WATERFINE0000000273635
1750-04-27T07:008.0371.363464.6S81W53.00-3NW, NNW, NBW, NWBN, NBWLIGHT GALESSMOOTH WATERFAIR0000000273636
1750-04-28T07:008.2870.78311.0N64W39.00-3NE, NEBE, NNE, SE, NEBNFIRST SQUALLY, MID AND LATTER LIGHT AIRS AND CALMLIGHTNING AND THUNDERRAINFAIR0100100273637
1750-04-29T07:008.8370.01872.6N58W55.00-3NE, ENE, SEBE, ELIGHT BREEZESSMOOTH WATERFAIR0000000273638
1750-04-30T07:008.9069.68651.0N60W23.00-3E, CALM, ENESLIGHT AIRS AND CALMFAIR0000000273639
1750-05-01T07:009.1768.91202.6N70W49.00-3NE, VARIABLE, NNELIGHT BREEZESFAIR0000000273640
1750-05-12T08:009.6766.713611.0S13W9.00-5WSW, WBS, CALMLIGHT AIRS AND MOSTLY CALMSULTRY AND HOT0000000273641
1750-05-13T08:009.0766.39276S29W40.00-5CALM, WNW, NNW, W, WBNVARIABLE AND CALMFAIR0000000273642
1750-05-14T08:008.7566.19355S39W19.00-5WBN, W, SWBW, NWBW, NVARIABLELIGHTNINGCONFUSED SWELL FROM THE SWUNSETTLED0000100273643
1750-05-15T08:008.1765.58362SW1/2W48.00-5NWBW, NBW, WNW, VARIABLEVARIABLE AND SQUALLYTHUNDER AND LIGHTNINGRAINCONFUSED SWELL FROM WUNSETTLED0100100273644
1750-05-16T08:007.1765.21310S27W50.00-5WNW, NWBW, WBN, WNW, NWSCONFUSED SWELL FROM WCLOUDY0000000273645
1750-05-17T08:007.1364.88361S84W20.00-5NW, NWBW, W, WBS, CALMFIRST AND LATTER VARIABLE AND SQUALLY, MID CALMCLOSECLOUDY0000000273646
1750-05-18T08:007.2564.782540.0N44W9.00-5SWBW, CALM, SW, W, WBSCALMLARGE SWELL FROM THE WFAIR0000000273647
1750-05-19T08:007.4364.632541.0N34W16.00-5WBS, WBN, CALM, WSW, WBSLIGHT AIRSCALM0000000273648
1750-05-20T08:007.2564.342991.0S63W19.00-5WBS, W, WNW, NWBWLIGHT AIRSFAIR0000000273649
1750-05-21T08:006.0363.683109.3S32W75.00-5WBN, WNW, NWBW, NW, NWPLEASANT GALESFAIR0000000273650
1750-05-22T08:005.9762.7817522.6N81W55.00-5NWBW, NW, CALM, SSPLEASANT GALES THEN FELL CALM, THE STRONG GALES WITH HARD SQUALLSVIOLENT HARD RAINCLOUDY0100000273651
1750-05-23T08:006.8562.2126319.0N34W61.00-7W, WBS, WSW, SWBW, WFRESH GALES WITH FLYING SQUALLSCLOUDY0000000273652
1750-05-24T08:007.0061.9626315.4NWBW18.00-7WSW, W, WBN, NWBW, WMODERATE GALESSHORT CONFUSED SEACLOUDY0000000273653
1750-05-25T08:007.4861.28229N55W50.00-7WBS, SSE, SSW, SW, SWBWVARIABLE AND UNSETTLED SQUALLY0000000273654
1750-05-26T08:008.2260.86263N28W54.00-7WSW, WBN, WBS, WVARIABLELIGHTNINGDARK CLOUDY WEATHER0000100273655
1750-05-27T08:009.0360.0124119.0N46W71.00-7WSW, SWBW, WBS, WSWFRESH GALESLIGHTNINGCHIEFLY CLOUDY0000100273656
1750-05-28T08:008.3360.0117319.0S41.00-7W, WBS, WSW, SWBW, WSW, SFRESH GALES AND SQUALLYLIGHTNINGMOSTLY CLOUDY0000100273657
1750-05-29T08:009.5359.4124119.0N27W80.00-7WSW, SWBW, SW, SWBW, WSWFRESH GALES WITH SMART SQUALLS AT TIMESLARGE SEA FROM THE WHAZY0000000273658
1750-05-30T08:0010.4759.0924119.0N19W58.00-7WSW, SWBW, SW, WSWFRESH GALESGREAT SEA FROM SWHAZY0000000273659
1750-05-31T08:0011.0358.5422922.6N33W67.00-7SWBW, SW, SWBW, SW, SWBWSTRONG GALESGREAT SEA FROM THE WHAZY0000000273660
1750-06-01T08:0012.0058.2321822.6N17W64.00-7SWBW, SW, SWBS, SWSSTRONGSTRONG GALESGREAT SEA FROM THE WHAZY0000000273661
1750-06-02T08:0012.3355.8622726.8N84W108.00-9SWBS, SWBWHARD GALESVERY GREAT SEAHAZY0000000273662
1750-06-03T08:0013.5058.8621927.4N68E195.00-6SWEXCESSIVE HARD GALESHIGH FOLLOWING SEADARK CLOUDY0000000273663
1750-06-04T08:0015.3760.772426.7N39E183.00-6WSWSFIRST BLEW A STRON WITH HARD SQUALLS, MID AND LATTER MORE MODERATESEVERAL GREAT SEASHAZY0000000273664
1750-06-05T08:0017.3062.472306.7NE1/2N161.00-6WSW, SWBWSMORE MODERATESEA PRETTY MUCH FALLESHAZY0000000273665
1750-06-06T08:0018.3764.492439.3NEBE1/2E137.00-5WSWPLEASANT GALESSEA MUCH FALLENHAZY0000000273666
1750-06-07T07:0018.9368.0125615.4N18E154.00-3SWBW, WBSMODERATE GALESSHORT CONFUSED SEADARK HAZY0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation273667
1750-06-08T07:0018.9068.9225615.4S88E115.00-3WBSMODERATE GALESSHORT TUMBLING SEADARK HAZY0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation273668
1750-06-09T07:0018.8870.212674.6E77.00-3WSW, WLIGHT GALESFLYING SHOWERSHAZY1000000273669
1750-06-10T00:0027015.4OLD WOMANS ISLANDNEBE21WBN, WMODERATE GALESFAIR0000000273670
1750-06-11T07:0018.9372.852689.31-2WFRESH BREEZESHAZY0000000273671