Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 8.845217 * Median Longitude: 95.844783 * South-bound Latitude: 3.120000 * West-bound Longitude: 78.910000 * North-bound Latitude: 19.330000 * East-bound Longitude: 115.540000

Event(s):

True_Briton_17501107_NMM_CAL/201 * Latitude Start: 20.800000 * Longitude Start: 114.790000 * Latitude End: 12.400000 * Longitude End: 74.900000 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: True Briton, Start of voyage: 1750-11-18, End of voyage: 1751-01-06, Voyage: Canton - Tillicherry, 1st Observer: Henry Broadly (Author), Company: EIC, Other ship information: 400BM. 1746-1757

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	Date/time start	Date/time start
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
7	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
8	Distance to landmark	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance to the first landmark
9	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
10	Course	Course		Course of the ship during the past 24 hours
11	Distance	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours
12	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
13	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14	Current direction description	Cur dir descr		Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
15	Current speed description	V descr
16	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
17	Present weather	ww		Weather description
18	Precipitation description	Precip descr
19	State of the sea description	State sea descr
20	Clearness	Clearness
21	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
22	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
23	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
24	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
25	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
26	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
27	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
28	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

519 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/time start	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark)	9 - (1 If position is considered t...)	10 Course (Course of the ship during the...)	11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...)	12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	13 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	14 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...)	15 V descr	16 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	17 ww (Weather description)	18 Precip descr	19 State sea descr	20 Clearness	21 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported)	22 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	25 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...)	28 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1750-11-18T04:00	19.33	114.65	89	9.3	GRAND LADAROON				SSE1/4E	116.00	-1	NE, ENE, EBN, E			PLEASANT GALE			SMOOTH WATER	HAZY	0	0	0	259113
1750-11-19T04:00	17.10	115.54	68	19.0	GRAND LADAROON				SSE	138.00	0	EBN, ENE			A FRESH GALE, MIDDLE SQUALLY		MIDDLE SMALL RAIN	FOLLOWING SEA	CLOUDY AND HAZY	0	1	0	259114
1750-11-20T04:00	14.47	115.54	34	19.0	GRAND LADAROON				S	126.00	0	ENE, NE, NEBN			A FRESH GALE			FOLLOWING SEA	HAZY	0	0	0	259115
1750-11-21T04:00	12.93	114.39	34	19.0	GRAND LADAROON				SSW3/4W	134.00	0	NEBN	N	23	A FRESH GALE				HAZY	0	0	0	259116
1750-11-22T04:00	11.22	113.15	44	19.0	GRAND LADAROON				SWBS	134.00	-1	NEBN, EBN, NEBE, NE			A FRESH GALE					0	0	0	259117
1750-11-23T05:00	10.23	111.92	33	22.6	GRAND LADAROON				S48W	86.00	-1	NE, NEBN, NE, NEBN			A STRONG GALE WITH SQUALLS		SOME RAIN		CLOUDY	0	1	0	259118
1750-11-24T05:00	8.45	109.57	33	22.6	GRAND LADAROON				S54W	173.00	-1	NEBN, NNE, NEBN			A STRONG GALE WITH SQUALLS		HARD RAIN	LARGE SWELL FROM NE	MOSTLY CLOUDY	0	1	0	259119
1750-11-25T05:00	7.80	106.95	44	22.6	GRAND LADAROON				W1/2S	160.00	-1	NE	S	23	A STRONG GALE			FOLLOWING SEA	HAZY	0	0	0	259120
1750-11-26T05:00	5.18	106.42	33	22.6	GRAND LADAROON				SBW	161.00	-1	NE, NEBE, NE, NEBN			A STRONG GALE			SWELL MUCH ABATED	HAZY	0	0	0	259121
1750-11-27T05:00	3.12	105.84	33	4.6	GRAND LADAROON				S18W	115.00	-1	NEBN	S		LIGHT GALE			SMOOTH WATER	FINE PLEASANT WEATHER	0	0	0	259122
1750-11-28T00:00	1.65		90		PULO TIMOANE	WBS			SBW1/2W TO SSW	65.00		NNE, NBE, NNE, NEBN, E	S	26					FINE	0	0	0	259123
1750-12-21T06:00	7.78	89.29	135	4.6	NICOBAR ISLANDS				W1/4S	41.00	0	SBE, S, SE	N	27	LIGHT GALE			SWELL MUCH ABATED	FINE FAIR WEATHER	0	0	0	259124
1750-12-22T06:00	8.10	88.47	113	2.6	NICOBAR ISLANDS				WBN	40.00	0	E, SE, EBS, ESE			LIGHT WINDS			SWELL AS BEFORE (FROM SW)	FINE PLEASANT WEATHER	0	0	0	259125
1750-12-23T06:00	7.90	87.26	180		NICOBAR ISLANDS				W18S	77.00	0	ESE, EBS, SBW, S			FRESH IN THE SQUALLS WITH VARIABLE WINDS		SOME HEAVY SHOWERS OF RAIN		CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR	1	1	0	259126
1750-12-24T06:00	7.82	86.94	281		NICOBAR ISLANDS				W9N	20.00	0	SSW, SWBW, NWBW, WBN			LIGHT WINDS, VARIABLE INTERMIXED WITH CALMS				CLOUDY	0	0	0	259127
1750-12-25T06:00	7.53	86.36	90		NICOBAR ISLANDS				S65W	40.00	0	NNE, E, ENE, E					MOST PART SOME RAIN		MOST PART CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR	0	1	0	259128
1750-12-26T06:00	7.63	85.24	101		NICOBAR ISLANDS				W	67.00	0	E, NE, NNE, EBS			MIDDLE SQUALLS	MIDDLE LIGHTNING ALL AROUND	MIDDLE HEAVY RAIN		FIRST AND LATTER CLOUDY	0	1	1	259129
1750-12-27T06:00	7.38	84.21	90	2.6	NICOBAR ISLANDS				S74W	72.00	0	SEBS, EBN, NEBE, E			MOST PART LITTLE WINDS				FAIR	0	0	0	259130
1750-12-28T06:00	6.50	83.77	90	2.6	NICOBAR ISLANDS				W63S	27.00	0	E, ENE, CALM, E	S	VERY STRONG	LITTLE WINDS	SULTRY HOT WEATHER			FAIR	0	0	0	259131
1750-12-29T07:00	5.78	81.61	360		ELEPHANT HILL	WBN1/2N	5			51.00	0	NE, ENE, NBE, N							CLOUDY	0	0	0	259132
1750-12-30T07:00	6.25	79.42	124		POINT DE GAULE	NEBN	35			57.00	0	E, SE, E, SEBE				MIDDLE LIGHTNING			FIRST AND LATTER PARTS FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY	0	0	1	259133
1750-12-31T07:00	6.38	79.38	349	2.6						28.00	0	NBW, WBN, SW, NBW			FIRST AND LATTER LIGHT WINDS, MIDDLE NOT ANY WINDS IN IT	MIDDLE SEVERE FLASHES OF LIGHTING AND CLAPS OF THUNDER	MIDDLE RAIN	FIRST AND LATTER SMOOTH WATER	FIRST AND LATTER FINE, MIDDLE APPEARING VERY THREA	0	1	1	259134
1751-01-01T07:00	6.83	78.91	23	19.0	POINT DE GAULE					56.00	0	NWBW, WNW, SE, SSW, NNE			IN THE NIGHT PROVED TO BE LITTLE WINDS AND VARIABLE, LATTER FRESH GALES	MIDDLE SEVERE CLAPS OF THUNDER AND FLASHES OF LIGHTNING		LATTER SMALL SWELL	FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDY, LOOKING THREATENING	0	0	1	259135
1751-01-02T07:00	7.73	79.60	34	22.6	CAPE COMAROON	NEBN1/2E	7			116.00	0	NNE, NEBN			STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY AT TIMES					0	0	0	259136
1751-01-03T00:00	8.30		135	2.6	CAPE COMAROON	EBN						NE, W, ESE, SE			LIGHT AND VARIABLE WINDS INTERMIXED WITH CALMS				FAIR AND PLEASANT WEATHER	0	0	0	259137
1751-01-04T00:00	9.47		68	9.3	CAPE COMAROON					83.00		WBS, NE, EBN, ENE			THE SEA BREEZE IN A PLEASANT GALE, AT MIDNIGHT THE LAND BREEZE SOME IN A BRISK GALE				FAIR AND PLEASANT	0	0	0	259138
1751-01-05T00:00	10.70		68	12.3	EXTREAMS OF THE LAND	NNE TO E		1		60.00		NEBN, SW, S, EBN, ENE			LIGHT SEA BREEZE, LAND BREEZE LATTERLY IN A BRISK GALE				FINE FAIR AND PLEASANT WEATHER	0	0	0	259139
1751-01-06T00:00	11.30		90		EXTREAMS OF THE LAND	NBE1/2E TO E		1				ENE, NNW, NBW, ESE, E			LIGHT SEA AND LAND BREEZE				FAIR	0	0	0	259140