García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during TRITON cruise from Virginia to Cádiz started at 1753-01-01 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747119, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 35.407000 * Median Longitude: -36.750250 * South-bound Latitude: 33.230000 * West-bound Longitude: -74.520000 * North-bound Latitude: 36.950000 * East-bound Longitude: -6.540000
Event(s):
Triton_17530101_NMM_ADM/L/T242 * Latitude Start: 36.880000 * Longitude Start: -75.630000 * Latitude End: 36.070000 * Longitude End: -6.730000 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Triton (6th Rate Frigate), Start of voyage: 1753-01-01, End of voyage: 1753-02-17, Voyage: Virginia - Cadiz, 1st Observer: Matthew Whitwell (Captain), 2nd Observer: Thomas Pemble (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 24G. 498BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Date/time start | Date/time start | ||||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | - | - | 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) | |||
| 10 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 11 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 12 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 13 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 14 | Current direction description | Cur dir descr | Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to. | |||
| 15 | Current speed description | V descr | ||||
| 16 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 17 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 18 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 19 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 20 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 21 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 22 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 23 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 24 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 25 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 26 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 27 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
846 data points
Data
| 1 Date/time start | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 - (1 If position is considered t...) | 10 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 13 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 14 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...) | 15 V descr | 16 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 17 Precip descr | 18 State sea descr | 19 Clearness | 20 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 21 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 22 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 23 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 24 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 25 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 26 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 27 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1753-01-01T17:00 | 36.58 | -74.52 | 359 | 6.7 | CAPE HENRY | N71:00W | 25 | S70:00E | 74.00 | -1 | NW, N | FIRST PART LITTLE WIND, MID AND LATTER MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258444 | |||||
| 1753-01-02T17:00 | 36.12 | -71.78 | 312 | 19.0 | CAPE HENRY | N75:00W | 69 | S78:00E | 136.00 | -3 | SW, WBN, WNW, NW | 1ST PART MODERATE, MID AND LATTER FRESH GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258445 | |||||
| 1753-01-03T17:00 | 35.30 | -69.33 | 20 | 6.7 | CAPE HENRY | N80:00W | 106 | S68:00E | 128.00 | -3 | NW, N, NNE | FIRST AND MIDDLE STRONG GALES, LATTER MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258446 | |||||
| 1753-01-04T17:00 | 35.48 | -68.60 | 155 | 19.0 | CAPE HENRY | N76:00W | 121 | N71:00E | 37.00 | -3 | CALM, SSE, SEBE, SSE | 1ST PART CALM, MID MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES | RAIN | GREAT SWELL FROM NE | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258447 | ||||
| 1753-01-05T16:00 | 35.08 | -66.50 | 289 | 19.0 | CAPE HENRY | N76:00W | 156 | S75:00E | 112.00 | -4 | ESE, SEBE, S, SW, WNW | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MID AND LATTER FRESH GALES | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258448 | ||||
| 1753-01-06T16:00 | 35.00 | -63.80 | 221 | 6.7 | CAPE HENRY | N79:00W | 202 | S88:00E | 135.00 | -4 | W, WSW, SW, SSW, SW | FIRST AND MID PART FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE | 1ST AND MID CLOUDY, LATTERFAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258449 | |||||
| 1753-01-07T16:00 | 35.00 | -62.02 | 153 | 6.7 | CAPE HENRY | N80:00W | 230 | E | 87.00 | -5 | SW, SSW, W, CALM, SSE | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MID AND LATTER MODERATE | SOME RAIN | FIRST AND MID FAIR. LATTER HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258450 | ||||
| 1753-01-08T16:00 | 35.00 | -59.47 | 186 | CAPE HENRY | N81:30W | 270 | E | 124.00 | -5 | SEBS, S, SBW | FIRST PART MODERATE, MID PART FRESH GALES | FIRST PART CLOUDY, MID PART HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258451 | ||||||
| 1753-01-09T16:00 | 35.00 | -55.83 | 197 | 19.0 | CAPE HENRY | N83:00W | 328 | E | 176.00 | -6 | SSW | FRESH GALES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258452 | |||||
| 1753-01-10T15:00 | 35.05 | -51.90 | 207 | 19.0 | CAPE HENRY | N84:16W | 388 | N89:00E | 186.00 | -7 | SWBS | FRESH GALES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258453 | |||||
| 1753-01-11T15:00 | 34.88 | -47.70 | 218 | 19.0 | CAPE HENRY | N84:41W | 460 | S87:00E | 208.00 | -7 | SW | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS FRESH GALES, MID LITTLE WINDS, LATTER FRESH GALES! | RAIN | FIRST AND LATTER CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR! | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258454 | ||||
| 1753-01-12T15:00 | 34.67 | -46.42 | 49 | 6.7 | CAPE HENRY | N84:00W | 482 | S71:00E | 69.00 | -7 | SW, NNW, N, NEBE | MODERATE | SMALL RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258455 | ||||
| 1753-01-13T15:00 | 33.35 | -45.95 | 106 | 6.7 | CAPE HENRY | N81:31W | 494 | S18:00E | 73.00 | -7 | NEBE, E, EBN, ESE | FIRST PART LITTLE WINDS, MID AND LATTER MODERATE | RAIN | MID CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258456 | ||||
| 1753-01-14T15:00 | 34.67 | -46.15 | 106 | 6.7 | CAPE HENRY | N84:29W | 485 | N8:00W | 80.00 | -7 | EBN, EBS, ESE | FIRST AND LATTER MODERATE, MID LITTLE WINDS | FIRST AND LATTER FAIR, MID CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258457 | |||||
| 1753-01-15T15:00 | 35.45 | -46.12 | 83 | 6.7 | CAPE HENRY | N86:18W | 481 | N3:00E | 47.00 | -7 | ESE, SEBE, E | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258458 | |||||
| 1753-01-16T15:00 | 36.40 | -45.28 | 117 | 6.7 | CAPE HENRY | N88:36W | 489 | N34:00E | 70.00 | -7 | EBS, ESE, SEBE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258459 | |||||
| 1753-01-17T15:00 | 36.95 | -44.27 | 173 | 2.6 | CAPE HENRY | N89:00W | 506 | N56:00E | 59.00 | -7 | SEBE, SSE, S | FIRST PART MODERATE, MID AND LATTER LITTLE WINDS | SMALL RAIN | FIRST AND MID FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258460 | ||||
| 1753-01-18T15:00 | 36.83 | -43.05 | 196 | 6.7 | CAPE HENRY | N89:00W | 526 | S83:00E | 60.00 | -7 | SSW, WNW, SSW | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258461 | |||||
| 1753-01-19T15:00 | 36.77 | -42.03 | 195 | 2.6 | CAPE HENRY | N89:00W | 544 | S85:00E | 49.00 | -8 | S, CALM, SE, SSW | FIRST PART MODERATE, MID AND LATTER LITTLE WINDS | SMALL RAIN | FIRST AND MID FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258462 | ||||
| 1753-01-20T15:00 | 36.57 | -39.95 | 195 | 6.7 | CAPE HENRY | N89:00W | 577 | S81:00E | 100.00 | -8 | SSW, WSW, SSW | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258463 | |||||
| 1753-01-21T15:00 | 36.43 | -38.17 | 228 | 6.7 | CAPE HENRY | N89:00W | 606 | N88:00E | 86.00 | -8 | SW, SBW, SWBW | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258464 | |||||
| 1753-01-22T14:00 | 36.20 | -36.45 | 194 | 6.7 | CAPE HENRY | N89:00W | 636 | N89:00E | 85.00 | -9 | SW, SSW | MODERATE | FIRST AND MID FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258465 | |||||
| 1753-01-23T14:00 | 36.32 | -33.45 | 227 | 19.0 | CAPE HENRY | N89:00W | 686 | N88:00E | 148.00 | -9 | SWBW | FIRST AND MID PART MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258466 | |||||
| 1753-01-24T14:00 | 36.35 | -29.72 | 226 | 6.7 | CAPE HENRY | N89:00W | 745 | N89:00E | 182.00 | -10 | SWBW | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MID AND LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART CLOUDY, MID AND LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258467 | |||||
| 1753-01-25T14:00 | 36.48 | -26.55 | 192 | 19.0 | CAPE HENRY | N89:00W | 795 | N87:00E | 154.00 | -11 | SWBW, SW, SSW | FRESH GALES | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258468 | ||||
| 1753-01-27T14:00 | 36.57 | -23.42 | 214 | 19.0 | CAPE HENRY | N89:00W | 845 | N87:00E | 150.00 | -11 | SSW, SWBS, SW | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258469 | |||||
| 1753-01-28T13:00 | 36.27 | -19.98 | 257 | 19.0 | CAPE HENRY | N89:00W | 902 | S84:00E | 170.00 | -13 | WSW, W | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258470 | |||||
| 1753-01-29T13:00 | 36.37 | -17.52 | 10 | 22.6 | CAPE HENRY | N89:00W | 940 | N87:00E | 120.00 | -13 | WNW, N, NBE, NEBN, NNE | FIRST AND MID PARTS FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER STRONG GALES | SOMETIMES RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258471 | ||||
| 1753-01-30T13:00 | 36.30 | -15.75 | 9 | 6.7 | CAPE HENRY | N89:00W | 967 | S87:00E | 86.00 | -14 | NNE, N, NNE | FIRST AND MID PARTS FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MORE MODERATE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258472 | ||||||
| 1753-01-31T13:00 | 34.60 | -15.23 | 54 | 2.6 | CAPE HENRY | N87:12W | 982 | S28:00E | 25.00 | -14 | NE, ENE | FIRST PART MODERATE, MI AND LATTER LITTLE WIND | FIRST PART CLOUDY, MID AND LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258473 | |||||
| 1753-02-01T13:00 | 34.47 | -15.33 | 362 | 2.6 | CAPE HENRY | N87:00W | 979 | S42:00E | 8.00 | -14 | NNE, NEBE, VARIABLE | LITTLE WINDS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258474 | |||||
| 1753-02-02T13:00 | 34.42 | -15.07 | 324 | 2.6 | CAPE HENRY | N87:00W | 987 | S75:00E | 13.00 | -14 | CALM, NNE, NNW | LITTLE WINDS | DRIZZLING RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258475 | ||||
| 1753-02-03T13:00 | 33.67 | -13.98 | 9 | 6.7 | CAPE HENRY | N86:13W | 1010 | S50:00E | 70.00 | -14 | NNE, ENE, NE, NNE | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258476 | |||||
| 1753-02-04T13:00 | 33.52 | -14.10 | 54 | 6.7 | WESTERN MOST OF MADEIRA | SBW1/2W | 12 | -14 | NEBN, NEBE, ENE | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258477 | |||||||
| 1753-02-05T13:00 | 33.38 | -14.20 | 9 | NORTHERN MOST OF PORTO SANCTO | E | 5 | -14 | ENE, NE, NNE | FIRST PART MODERATE, MID AND LIGHT AIRS | 1ST PART HAZY, MID AND LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258478 | ||||||||
| 1753-02-11T13:00 | 33.23 | -14.34 | 200 | 27.4 | WEST END OF MADEIRA | S76:00W | 45 | N76:00E | 137.00 | -14 | WBN, WBS, WSW, SWBS | 1ST PART STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, MID FRESH GALES, LATTER VERY HARD GALES | THICK RAINY WEATHER | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258479 | ||||
| 1753-02-12T13:00 | 34.23 | -11.85 | 300 | 6.7 | WEST END OF MADEIRA | S69:48W | 91 | N64:00E | 138.00 | -15 | SW, WSW, W, WNW, NW | 1ST PART HARD GALES, MID FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART THICK WEATHER, MID VERY HAZY, LATTER HA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258480 | |||||
| 1753-02-13T13:00 | 35.07 | -9.92 | 210 | 6.7 | WEST END OF MADEIRA | S67:35W | 126 | N62:00E | 107.00 | -15 | WNW, WSW, SW | MODERATE | DRIZZLING RAIN | HAZY, 8AM THICK HAZY WEATHER | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258481 | ||||
| 1753-02-14T13:00 | 35.93 | -7.77 | 233 | 6.7 | WEST END OF MADEIRA | S67:42W | 171 | N64:00E | 117.00 | -15 | WSW, WNW, WBS, WSW | MODERATE | DRIZZLING RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258482 | ||||
| 1753-02-15T12:00 | 36.32 | -6.54 | 361 | 2.6 | WEST END OF MADEIRA | S67:00W | 186 | N70:00E | 64.00 | -16 | WSW, CALM | FIRST PART MODERATE, MID AND LATTER LITTLE WINDS | GREAT SWELL FROM NW | FIRST PART VERY HAZY, MID AND LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258483 | ||||
| 1753-02-16T00:00 | 135 | 2.6 | SAINT SEBASTIANS POINT | NE | 3 | 1 | CALM, N, NE, ENE, SE | LITTLE WINDS | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258484 | |||||||||
| 1753-02-17T00:00 | 180 | 2.6 | SAINT SEBASTIANS POINT | E1/2N | 2 | 1 | NW, CALM, SEBS, S | INTO THE SHORE | STRONG | FIRST PART LITTLE WINDS AND CALM, MID AND LATTER LITTLE WINDS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258485 |