García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during TRITON cruise from Gibraltar to Virginia started at 1750-01-01 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747118, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 30.027500 * Median Longitude: -55.246429 * South-bound Latitude: 24.880000 * West-bound Longitude: -75.000000 * North-bound Latitude: 36.580000 * East-bound Longitude: -27.050000
Event(s):
Triton_17500101_NMM_ADM/L/T242 * Latitude Start: 35.970000 * Longitude Start: -5.550000 * Latitude End: 36.880000 * Longitude End: -75.630000 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Triton (6th Rate Frigate), Start of voyage: 1750-01-12, End of voyage: 1750-02-08, Voyage: Gibraltar - Virginia, 1st Observer: Thomas Pemble (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 24G. 498BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Date/time start | Date/time start | ||||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Current direction description | Cur dir descr | Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to. | |||
| 14 | Current speed description | V descr | ||||
| 15 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 16 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 17 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 18 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 19 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 20 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 21 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 22 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 23 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 24 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 25 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 26 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
569 data points
Data
| 1 Date/time start | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...) | 14 V descr | 15 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 16 Precip descr | 17 State sea descr | 18 Clearness | 19 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 20 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 21 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 22 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 23 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 24 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 25 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 26 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1750-01-12T14:00 | 29.93 | -27.05 | 92 | 6.7 | CAPE SPARTELL | N76:00E | 458 | S57:00W | 117.00 | -9 | SE, EBS | MODERATE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258416 | ||||
| 1750-01-13T14:00 | 29.15 | -28.00 | 127 | 6.7 | CAPE SPARTELL | N75:00E | 497 | S57:00W | 87.00 | -8 | EBS, SE | MODERATE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258417 | ||||
| 1750-01-14T14:00 | 28.17 | -30.59 | 82 | 19.0 | CAPE SPARTELL | N74:00E | 545 | S64:00W | 140.00 | -8 | ESE, NEBN, E | FIRST AND MIDDLE MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258418 | ||||
| 1750-01-15T14:00 | 27.15 | -33.32 | 108 | 19.0 | CAPE SPARTELL | N72:00E | 603 | S63:00W | 165.00 | -5 | ENE, E, ESE | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258419 | ||||
| 1750-01-16T14:00 | 26.02 | -35.66 | 108 | 6.7 | CAPE SPARTELL | N72:00E | 650 | S63:00W | 150.00 | -5 | ESE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258420 | ||||
| 1750-01-17T15:00 | 25.15 | -37.88 | 109 | 6.7 | CAPE SPARTELL | N72:00E | 700 | S77:00W | 146.00 | -4 | ESE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258421 | ||||
| 1750-01-18T15:00 | 25.22 | -41.04 | 86 | 6.7 | CAPE SPARTELL | N73:00E | 750 | S84:00W | 161.00 | -4 | E | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258422 | ||||
| 1750-01-19T15:00 | 24.88 | -44.28 | 88 | 19.0 | CAPE SPARTELL | N74:00E | 809 | S84:00W | 182.00 | -2 | E | MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | RAIN | FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258423 | |||
| 1750-01-20T15:00 | 24.88 | -48.03 | 67 | 22.6 | CAPE SPARTELL | N76:00E | 871 | W | 212.00 | -1 | E, ENE | FIRST PART FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, MID STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER STRONG GALES | RAIN | LATTER FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258424 | |||
| 1750-01-21T15:00 | 25.32 | -51.97 | 67 | 22.6 | CAPE SPARTELL | N77:00E | 940 | N83:00W | 222.00 | -1 | ENE | STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258425 | |||||
| 1750-01-22T16:00 | 26.43 | -55.28 | 101 | 19.0 | CAPE SPARTELL | N79:00E | 987 | N70:00W | 196.00 | 0 | ENE, EBS | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258426 | ||||
| 1750-01-23T16:00 | 27.47 | -57.35 | 68 | 6.7 | CAPE SPARTELL | N81:00E | 1015 | N61:00W | 135.00 | 0 | ENE | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258427 | ||||
| 1750-01-24T16:00 | 28.03 | -58.09 | 43 | 2.6 | CAPE SPARTELL | N81:25E | 1025 | N54:00W | 58.00 | -2 | NE, NNE, N, NE | NE | 4 | FIRST PART MODERATE, MID AND LATTER LITTLE WINDS | FIRST PART CLOUDY, MIDDLE AND LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258428 | ||
| 1750-01-25T16:00 | 28.47 | -58.44 | 178 | 6.7 | CAPE SPARTELL | S2:00E | 1030 | N45:00W | 36.00 | -2 | CALM, SSE, S | FIRST AND MIDDLE PART CALM, LATTER MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258429 | ||||
| 1750-01-26T16:00 | 30.20 | -60.20 | 313 | 19.0 | CAPE SPARTELL | N83:54E | 1050 | N46:00W | 146.00 | -2 | S, SW, WSW, W, NW | FIRST PART MODERATE, MID AND LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258430 | |||
| 1750-01-27T16:00 | 29.53 | -60.83 | 9 | 2.6 | CAPE SPARTELL | N83:17E | 1064 | S45:00W | 57.00 | -2 | NW, NNW, N, NBE | FIRST PART STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, MID MODERATE, LATTER LITTLE WINDS | MID HAZY, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258431 | ||||
| 1750-01-28T16:00 | 29.95 | -61.15 | 144 | 2.6 | CAPE SPARTELL | N83:47E | 1071 | N46:00W | 31.00 | -2 | NNE, EBS, SEBS | LITTLE WINDS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258432 | ||||
| 1750-01-29T16:00 | 30.63 | -61.25 | 291 | 6.7 | CAPE SPARTELL | N84:30E | 1069 | N16:00W | 42.00 | -2 | WSW, WBN, WSW, WNW | FIRST AND MIDDLE LITTLE WINDS, LATTER MODERATE SOMETIMES SQUALLY | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258433 | |||
| 1750-01-30T16:00 | 31.10 | -62.14 | 21 | 6.7 | CAPE SPARTELL | N85:00E | 1084 | N62:00W | 59.00 | -2 | W, WNW, NNW, NNE | MODERATE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258434 | ||||
| 1750-01-31T16:00 | 32.12 | -64.12 | 224 | 6.7 | CAPE SPARTELL | N86:00E | 1109 | N60:00W | 125.00 | -1 | ENE, ESE, SSE, SW | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258435 | ||||
| 1750-02-01T16:00 | 33.27 | -66.52 | 232 | 6.7 | CAPE SPARTELL | N87:30E | 1141 | N61:00W | 145.00 | -4 | SWBS, SW, SWBW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST AND MIDDLE HAZY, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258436 | ||||
| 1750-02-02T17:00 | 34.48 | -68.25 | 233 | 19.0 | CAPE SPARTELL | N88:46E | 1176 | N51:00W | 119.00 | -3 | SW, SWBW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258437 | ||||
| 1750-02-03T17:00 | 34.83 | -69.69 | 42 | 6.7 | CAPE SPARTELL | N89:00E | 1194 | N75:00W | 81.00 | -3 | SW, W, NW, N, NE | FIRST AND MIDDLE FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATE | MUCH RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258438 | |||
| 1750-02-04T17:00 | 35.48 | -71.19 | 357 | 2.6 | CAPE SPARTELL | N89:00E | 1223 | N65:00W | 89.00 | -3 | ESE, S, SWBS, NW, N | FIRST PART MODERATE, MID VERY HARD SQUALLS OF WIND, LATTER LITTLE WINDS | RAIN | VERY GREAT SWELL FROM THE NW | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258439 | |||
| 1750-02-05T17:00 | 34.95 | -72.53 | 324 | 6.7 | CAPE SPARTELL | N89:00E | 1234 | S56:00W | 58.00 | -2 | ENE, NW, NNW, NWBN | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MID AND LATTER MODERATE | RAIN | MID AND LATTE CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258440 | |||
| 1750-02-06T17:00 | 35.28 | -72.71 | 156 | 2.6 | CAPE SPARTELL | N89:34E | 1254 | N63:00W | 44.00 | -2 | NBW, NBE, SE, SSW, SSE | LITTLE WINDS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258441 | ||||
| 1750-02-07T17:00 | 36.10 | -74.34 | 201 | 6.7 | CAPE SPARTELL | N89:41E | 1260 | N61:00W | 100.00 | -2 | S, NEBN, NE, NEBN, SSW | FIRST PART STRONG GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | RAIN | MID AND LATTER THICK WEATHER | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258442 | |||
| 1750-02-08T17:00 | 36.58 | -75.00 | 302 | 2.6 | CAPE SPARTELL | NWBN | 8 | N35:00W | 66.00 | -2 | CALM, WBS, CALM, SWBW, NWBW | LITTLE WINDS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 258443 |