García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during SWALLOW cruise from Fort St Davids Road started at 1751-10-19 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747100, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 14.438235 * Median Longitude: 89.130294 * South-bound Latitude: 8.550000 * West-bound Longitude: 80.160000 * North-bound Latitude: 21.030000 * East-bound Longitude: 92.530000
Event(s):
Swallow_17511019_NMM_ADM/L/S567 * Latitude Start: 11.080000 * Longitude Start: 80.160000 * Latitude End: 21.030000 * Longitude End: 89.000000 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Swallow (Sloop), Start of voyage: 1751-10-30, End of voyage: 1751-12-02,Voyage: start at Fort St Davids Road, 1st Observer: Henry Speke (Captain), 2nd Observer: John Kestell (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 10G 272BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Date/time start | Date/time start | ||||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of second landmark | |||
| 10 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the second landmark | |||
| 11 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the second landmark | ||
| 12 | - | - | 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) | |||
| 13 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 14 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 15 | Comment | Comment | Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields | |||
| 16 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 17 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 18 | Current direction description | Cur dir descr | Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to. | |||
| 19 | Current speed description | V descr | ||||
| 20 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 21 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 22 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 23 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 24 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 25 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 26 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 27 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 28 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 29 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 30 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 31 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 32 | Comment | Comment | ||||
| 33 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
735 data points
Data
| 1 Date/time start | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Landmark (Name of second landmark) | 10 Bearing (Bearing of the second landmark) | 11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the second landmark) | 12 - (1 If position is considered t...) | 13 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 14 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 15 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...) | 16 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 17 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 18 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...) | 19 V descr | 20 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 21 ww (Weather description) | 22 Precip descr | 23 State sea descr | 24 Clearness | 25 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 26 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 27 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 28 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 29 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 30 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 31 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 32 Comment | 33 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1751-10-30T07:00 | 11.68 | 80.16 | 248 | 6.7 | FORT ST DAVIDS ROAD | N10:00W | 8 | S10:00E | 7.67 | 0 | NE, ESE, S, WSW | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247904 | |||||||||||
| 1751-10-31T07:00 | 11.10 | 80.57 | 270 | 2.6 | FORT ST DAVIDS ROAD | N45:00W | 16 | S20:00E | 12.33 | 0 | SW, CALM, SE, NW, ESE, W | SSW | 1.5 | LIGHT BREEZES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247905 | |||||||||
| 1751-11-01T07:00 | 10.50 | 80.70 | 270 | 1.0 | FORT ST DAVIDS ROAD | N28:30W | 27 | S | 12.00 | SOUNDINGS | 0 | CALM, SEBS, WNW, W | LIGHT AIRS | LIGHTNING IN THE NIGHT SW | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 247906 | |||||||||
| 1751-11-02T07:00 | 9.60 | 80.90 | 248 | 1.0 | FORT ST DAVIDS ROAD | N29:00W | 45 | S22:00E | 18.00 | 0 | W, CALM, WSW | SSW | 1.5 | LIGHT AIRS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247907 | |||||||||
| 1751-11-03T07:00 | 9.03 | 81.74 | 270 | 1.0 | FORT ST DAVIDS ROAD | N20:00W | 61 | S52:00E | 18.67 | 0 | W, N, NNW, W | SSW | LESS THAN 1 | LIGHT AIRS | LIGHTNING IN THE NIGHT S. 2AM MODERATE AND CLOUDY | SMALL RAIN | FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 247908 | |||||||
| 1751-11-04T06:00 | 8.87 | 82.54 | 225 | 6.7 | FORT ST DAVIDS ROAD | N36:00W | 71 | S74:00E | 13.67 | 0 | W, NW, NNW, CALM, SW | E | MODERATE | LIGHTNING TO SW IN THE NIGHT. LIGHT BREEZE SPRING UP | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 247909 | |||||||||
| 1751-11-05T06:00 | 8.55 | 83.55 | 11 | 1.0 | FORT ST DAVIDS ROAD | N43:00W | 88 | S72:00E | 16.67 | 0 | WBN, NE, NEBN, NBE | LIGHT AIRS | 2AM MODERATE AND CLOUDY | WITH SMALL RAIN | FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247910 | |||||||||
| 1751-11-06T06:00 | 8.85 | 85.08 | 315 | 6.7 | FORT ST DAVIDS ROAD | N57:00W | 104 | N78:00E | 28.00 | 0 | N-NW | MODERATE | 6PM MODERATE AND FAIR | SMALL RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247911 | |||||||||
| 1751-11-07T06:00 | 8.72 | 86.82 | 304 | 6.7 | FORT ST DAVIDS ROAD | N63:00W | 136 | N85:00E | 32.33 | 0 | NW, NWBW | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247912 | |||||||||||
| 1751-11-08T06:00 | 9.18 | 88.12 | 236 | 6.7 | FORT ST DAVIDS ROAD | N70:00W | 152 | N68:00E | 24.67 | 0 | WBN, SWBW | MODERATE | INTERMIXED WITH LIGHT AIRS AND INCLINABLE TO CALM | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247913 | ||||||||||
| 1751-11-09T06:00 | 9.72 | 89.79 | 214 | 6.7 | FORT ST DAVIDS ROAD | N77:00W | 169 | N66:00E | 26.33 | 0 | SWBS, SW, S, SWBS | MODERATE | STRONG RIPPLINGS AT 10AM | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 247914 | |||||||||
| 1751-11-10T06:00 | 9.93 | 91.01 | 158 | 6.7 | FORT ST DAVIDS ROAD | N79:00W | 198 | N81:00E | 28.33 | 0 | SWBW, -SSE | MODERATE | SWELL FROM SW QTR,STRONG RIPPLINGS AT 9AM | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247915 | ||||||||||
| 1751-11-11T06:00 | 10.80 | 92.00 | 169 | 6.7 | FORT ST DAVIDS ROAD | N85:00W | 636 | LAND SIGHTED | SBE-NE | 3 | 1 | N40:00E | 22.67 | 0 | SE-SBE | E | STRONG | MODERATE | LIGHTNING TO THE SE. AT 10 SQUALLY | RAIN | FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 247916 | |||
| 1751-11-12T06:00 | 12.03 | 92.36 | 248 | 6.7 | CHILLEY ANDERMAN | S22:00E | 27 | N22:00E | 26.67 | 0 | S, WSW, VARIABLE, S, WSW | ENE | 0.5 | MODERATE | LIGHTNING TO THE WEST. AT 3 HARD SHOWERS OF RAIN, 4 MODERATE AND CLOUDY, 5 THUNDER LIGHTNING, THEN LIGHT AIRS AND CLOUDY | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 247917 | |||||||
| 1751-11-13T06:00 | 12.60 | 92.23 | 90 | 1.0 | CHILLEY ANDERMAN | S19:00E | 33 | N10:00W | 11.67 | 0 | S, SSE, SBE, E | NNW | LIGHT AIRS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 247918 | |||||||||
| 1751-11-14T06:00 | 13.17 | 92.16 | 90 | 6.7 | CHILLEY ANDERMAN | S16:00E | 43 | N09:00W | 11.33 | 0 | NEBE-E | NBE | 1 | MODERATE | 2AM LIGHT AIRS AND CLOUDY | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247919 | ||||||||
| 1751-11-15T06:00 | 13.57 | 92.18 | 68 | 1.0 | CHILLEY ANDERMAN | S14:00E | 58 | N03:00E | 8.00 | 0 | NEBN, NNE, ENE | N | 0.5 | LIGHT AIRS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247920 | |||||||||
| 1751-11-16T06:00 | 14.12 | 92.23 | 113 | 1.0 | CHILLEY ANDERMAN | S10:00E | 65 | N13:00E | 8.00 | 0 | NBE, VARIABLE, ESE | LIGHT AIRS | LIGHT SQUALLS. AT 1AM LIGHT AIRS AND CLOUDY | WITH RAIN PM | FAIR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247921 | |||||||||
| 1751-11-17T06:00 | 14.33 | 92.53 | 56 | 6.7 | CHILLEY ANDERMAN | S4:00E | 71 | NE | 6.33 | 0 | NBE, VARIABLE, NEBE | MODERATE | 3PM LIGHT SQUALLS WITH RAIN, AT 8 LITTLE WINDS WITH RAIN, 12 LIGHT AIRS AND CLOUDY | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247922 | |||||||||
| 1751-11-18T06:00 | 15.07 | 92.39 | 90 | 1.0 | CHILLEY ANDERMAN | S6:00E | 87 | N10:00W | 15.00 | 0 | NEBE, E | LIGHT AIRS | THEN MODERATE AND CLOUDY | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247923 | ||||||||||
| 1751-11-19T06:00 | 16.00 | 92.43 | 56 | 6.7 | CHILLEY ANDERMAN | S4:00E | 101 | N05:00W | 15.00 | 0 | E, NEBE | MODERATE | THEN LIGHT AIRS AND CLOUDY | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247924 | ||||||||||
| 1751-11-20T06:00 | 16.12 | 92.42 | 11 | 1.0 | CHILLEY ANDERMAN | S3:00E | 108 | N18:00E | 6.00 | 0 | CALM, NNE, ENE, NBE | N | LIGHT AIRS | LIGHTNING, 10AM LITTLE WINDS AND CLOUDY, RAIN AT NOON MODERATE AND CLOUDY | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 247925 | |||||||||
| 1751-11-21T06:00 | 16.38 | 92.32 | 113 | 1.0 | CHILLEY ANDERMAN | S2:00E | 112 | N08:00E | 5.67 | 0 | SE, CALM, VARIABLE, ESE | LIGHT AIRS | 4AM CALM WITH LIGHTNING ALL AROUND. | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 247926 | ||||||||||
| 1751-11-22T06:00 | 17.83 | 92.51 | 89 | 9.3 | CHILLEY ANDERMAN | S | 142 | N12:00S | 11.67 | -1 | ESE, E | FRESH BREEZES | STRONG RIPPLING | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247927 | ||||||||||
| 1751-11-23T06:00 | 18.62 | 92.41 | 55 | 6.7 | CHILLEY ANDERMAN | S00:15W | 489 | N02:00E | 20.67 | -1 | E-NEBE | NNE | MODERATE | AM MODERATE, AT NOON LITTLE WIND AND CLOUD | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247928 | |||||||||
| 1751-11-24T06:00 | 19.75 | 92.22 | 10 | 1.0 | CHILLEY ANDERMAN | S | 179 | N11:00W | 16.33 | -1 | NE, ENE, NBE | LIGHT AIRS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247929 | |||||||||||
| 1751-11-25T06:00 | 19.05 | 92.42 | 134 | 6.7 | CHILLEY ANDERMAN | S03:00W | 182 | N72:00E | 8.67 | -1 | NBE, NE, SE | MODERATE | 7PM THUNDER AND LIGHTNING S. AT 9 VARIABLE AND CALM AT 12 THUNDER LIGHTNING AND RAIN. LIGTH AIRS AND CLOUDY | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 247930 | |||||||||
| 1751-11-26T06:00 | 20.35 | 92.25 | 33 | 1.0 | CHILLEY ANDERMAN | S03:00W | 192 | N18:00E | 10.00 | -1 | NEBN, N, NEBN | LIGHT AIRS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247931 | |||||||||||
| 1751-11-27T06:00 | 20.67 | 92.11 | 33 | 6.7 | CHILLEY ANDERMAN | S02:00W | 201 | N25:00E | 9.00 | -1 | NEBN, N, NEBN | NNW | MODERATE | 1AM LIGHT AIRS WITH LIGHTNING TO SW | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 247932 | |||||||||
| 1751-11-28T06:00 | 20.80 | 91.39 | 337 | 1.0 | CHILLEY ANDERMAN | SE | 200 | N86E | 11.00 | -1 | ENE, N, NNW | LIGHT AIRS | AM LIGHT AIRS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247933 | ||||||||||
| 1751-11-29T06:00 | 20.88 | 90.76 | 359 | 1.0 | CHILLEY ANDERMAN | SE | 200 | N80:00W | 9.33 | -1 | ENE, NBW, N | LIGHT AIRS | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247934 | |||||||||||
| 1751-11-30T06:00 | 21.02 | 89.78 | 280 | 1.0 | CHILLEY ANDERMAN | S3/4E | 208 | N70:00W | 14.00 | -1 | NBE, CALM, SW, WBN | S-NW | LIGHT AIRS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247935 | ||||||||||
| 1751-12-01T06:00 | 20.98 | 89.35 | 361 | 1.0 | CHILLEY ANDERMAN | S10:00E | 209 | N83:00W | 5.67 | -1 | W, VARIABLE, CALM | LIGHT AIRS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247936 | |||||||||||
| 1751-12-02T06:00 | 21.03 | 89.00 | 314 | CHILLEY ANDERMAN | SBE | 213 | N65:00W | 5.33 | -1 | NWBN, VARIABLE, NW | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247937 |