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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during SWALLOW cruise started at 1751-09-01 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747099, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 11.235745 * Median Longitude: 84.937021 * South-bound Latitude: 5.120000 * West-bound Longitude: 79.800000 * North-bound Latitude: 15.200000 * East-bound Longitude: 94.470000
Event(s):
Swallow_17510901_NMM_ADM/L/S567 * Latitude Start: 6.150000 * Longitude Start: 94.470000 * Latitude End: 11.770000 * Longitude End: 79.800000 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Swallow (Sloop), Start of voyage: 1751-09-12, End of voyage: 1751-10-29, 1st Observer: Henry Speke (Captain), 2nd Observer: John Kestell (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 10G 272BM
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
Date/time startDate/time start
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
10 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
11 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
12 CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
13 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
14 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
15 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
16 Present weatherwwWeather description
17 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
18 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
19 ClearnessClearness
20 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
21 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
22 FogFog1 If fog was reported
23 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
24 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
25 HailHail1 If hail was reported
26 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
27 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
934 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/time start

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)

-
(1 If position is considered t...)
10 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
11 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
12 
Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
13 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
14 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
15 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
16 
ww
(Weather description)
17 
Precip descr
18 
State sea descr
19 
Clearness
20 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
21 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
22 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
23 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
24 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
25 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
26 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
27 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1751-09-12T06:006.1594.472481.0PT RONDO (BANDA?)S76:00E21NBW8.000W, WBS, SWBW, WSWLIGHT AIRSAT 10 SQUALLY, AT 12 MODERATE AND CLOUDY WITH LIGHTNING TO E, 5 SQUALLYRAINCLOUDY0100000247856
1751-09-13T06:006.5893.752596.7PT RONDO (BANDA?)S68:00E29N42:00W11.670SWBW, WSW, WBS, W, WBSMODERATE4AM AND NOON SQUALLY WITH RAIN, 10 MODERATE AND CLOUDYFAIR0000000247857
1751-09-14T06:007.2093.39270PT RONDO (BANDA?)S46:00E42N31:00W14.330WBS, SWBW, WNW, WSW, WSQUALLYAT 8 SQUALLY, LATER HARD SQUALLSRAIN0100000247858
1751-09-15T06:006.9793.50270PT RONDO (BANDA?)S60:00E36S26:00E5.330WBS, W, WBN, WBS, WSW, WVERY HARD SQUALLSAT 10 MODERATE AND CLOUDY WITH SMALL RAIN, AT 12 HARD SQUALLS OF WIND AND RAIN. DAYLIGHT STRONG GALES AND CLOUDYRAIN0100000247859
1751-09-16T06:005.6393.74259PT RONDO (BANDA?)N74:00E29S16:00E22.670W, WBS, WSW, WBN, W, WBSHARD SQUALLSFRESH BREEZES AND CLOUDY, HARD SQUALLS WITH RAIN, MODERATE AND CLOUDYRAIN0100000247860
1751-09-17T06:005.1293.852596.7PT RONDO (BANDA?)N44:40E33S16:00E10.670W, WBN, WBS, W, WBSMODERATE2PM SQUALLY WITH RAIN, 10 HARD SQUALLSSMALL RAINCLOUDY0100000247861
1751-09-18T06:005.1793.742366.7PT RONDO (BANDA?)N57:00E33N68:00W2.670W, WSW, WNW, WBS, SWBWMODERATEAT 4 SQUALLY WITH RAIN, 1AM MODERATE WITH RAIN, 6AM MODERATE AND CLOUDYCLOUDY0000000247862
1751-09-19T06:005.7893.122366.7PT RONDO (BANDA?)N82:00E41NW17.330SSW, WSW, SWBWMODERATEAT 4 SQUALLLY WITH RAIN, 6AM HARD SQUALLS. GALES AND CLOUDY.WITH RAINCLOUDY0100000247863
1751-09-20T06:006.2892.09203PT RONDO (BANDA?)N85:00E61NBW22.670SWBS, SWBN, SSWSQUALLYAT 4 FRESH GALES AND CLOUDY, AT 8 MODERATE AND CLOUDYRAIN0100000247864
1751-09-21T06:006.6791.252146.7PT RONDO (BANDA?)S79:00E79N59:00W20.000SSW, WSW, SWBSMODERATEAT 6 SQUALLY WITH RAIN, MODERATE AND CLOUDY, 6AM FAIRRAINFAIR0100000247865
1751-09-22T06:007.3390.072366.7PT RONDO (BANDA?)S70:00E104NBW20.000SWBS, SW, SWBWMODERATE6AM SQUALLY, MODERATE AND CLOUDYSTRONG RIPPLINGSCLOUDY0000000247866
1751-09-23T06:008.6289.342486.7PT RONDO (BANDA?)S66:00E127N50:00W29.670SWBS, W, WSWMODERATEAT 3PM SQUALLY, AT 8 FRESH GALES AND HAZY, LIGHTNING TO THE W, AT 6 SQUALLY WITH RAIN, 9 FRESH GALESWITH SMALL RAINFAIR0100100247867
1751-09-24T06:008.8589.07236PT RONDO (BANDA?)S60:00E133N48:00W7.330WSW, W, CALM, WNW, W, SWBWSQUALLY4PM LIGHT AIRS WITH DRIZZLING RAIN, 6 MODERATE AND CLOUDY, 10 HARD SQUALLS WITH RAIN, 4AM MODERATE AND CLOUDY, SQUALLYRAIN0100000247868
1751-09-25T06:009.7588.74236PT RONDO (BANDA?)S60:00E148N20:00W19.670SSW, WSW, SWBWHARD SQUALLSGALES WITH SMALL RAIN, 4 FRESH GAILS AND CLOUDY WITH DRIZZLING RAIN, 12 FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, CLOUDY AND SQUALLY LATERDRIZZLING RAIN0100000247869
1751-09-26T06:0010.6088.5024819.0PT RONDO (BANDA?)S55:00E484N10:00W17.670SWBW, WSW, W, WNW, WSWFRESH GALES3PM SQUALLY WITH RAIN, 4:30 HARD SQUALLS WITH RAIN, 6PM FRESH GALES AND CLOUDY, 8 MODERATE AND CLOUDY WITH DRIZZLING RAIN. 11 HARD SQUALLSWITH RAINCLOUDY0100000247870
1751-09-27T06:0011.1587.97236PT RONDO (BANDA?)S51:30E181N27:00W22.670WSW, SWBW, WSW, SWBWSMALL RAIN0100000247871
1751-09-28T06:0012.4887.102259.3PT RONDO (BANDA?)S50:30E199N45:00W23.670SWBW, WSW, SWFRESH BREEZES3AM SQUALLSWITH RAINCLOUDY0100000247872
1751-09-29T06:0013.3386.1422519.0PT RONDO (BANDA?)S50:00E228N48:00W25.330SW, SWBW, SWFRESH GALES6PM SQUALLY, 10 MODERATE WITH SMALL RAIN, 4 AM LIGHTNING TO SE WITH FRESH BREEZES AND CLOUDYRAINCLOUDY0100000247873
1751-09-30T06:0014.1884.9922519.0PT RONDO (BANDA?)S51:00E259N53:00W28.000SW, SWBW, SWFRESH GALESAT 8 MODERATE AND CLOUDY WOTH LIGHTNING IN SE QTR. 4AM FRESH BREEZES AND FAIRCLOUDY0000000247874
1751-10-01T06:0015.2084.622596.7PT RONDO (BANDA?)N20:00W21.670WSW, SWBW, WBSMODERATE1AM LIGHTNING TO THE W, 8 MODERAE AND CLOUDY, 10 SQUALLY THUNDER LIGHNINGRAINFAIR0100100247875
1751-10-02T06:0014.7784.072936.7PT RONDO (BANDA?)S51:00W13.670W, NWBW, NNE, CALM, NW, WNWMODERATE2 SQUALLY WITH THUNDER LIGHTNING AND RAIN, AT 7 CALM LIGHTNING TO THE S, AT 8 LIGHT AIRS SMALL RAIN, 12 HAZY, 4AM MODERATE AND CLOUDY, 5 SQUALLSRAIN0100100247876
1751-10-03T06:0013.8583.792366.7PT RONDO (BANDA?)S55:00E273S16:00W19.000WBN, NW, WNW, W, SWBWMODERATE7 MOD AND CLOUDY SMALL RAIN, 12 FRESH BREEZES WITH LIGHTNING NE, 7 HARD SQUALLS, 9 HARD SQUALLSRAINCLOUDY0100000247877
1751-10-04T06:0013.4883.7423619.0PT RONDO (BANDA?)S46.30E270S08:00W7.330WSW, WBN, W, WSW, SWBWFRESH GALES4PM HARD SQUALLS WITH RAIN, 6 FRESH GALES AND CLOUDY, LIGHNING W AT 3, 5 MOD AND CLOUDYCLOUDY0000000247878
1751-10-05T06:0014.5082.902036.7PT RONDO (BANDA?)S55:00E297N36:00W27.330SW, WBS, SSWMODERATE1AM FRESH GALES AND SQUALLYFAIR0000000247879
1751-10-06T07:0014.6782.202809.3PT RONDO (BANDA?)S56:00E307N83:00W13.67-1WBN, WSW, SWBS, W, WBNFRESH BREEZES1AM SQUALLY WITH LIGHTNINGTO N, 4AM FRESH GALES AND CLOUDY, 5 SQUALLY, 6 FRESH GALES CLOUDYSMALL RAINCLOUDY0100000247880
1751-10-07T07:0014.4581.8026919.0PT RONDO (BANDA?)S57:00E315N61:00W8.67-1WBN, SSW, WFRESH GALESCLOUDY0000000247881
1751-10-08T07:0014.5581.4925819.0PT RONDO (BANDA?)S58:00E317N72:00W6.67-1W, SWBW, WBSFRESH GALES2 MODERATE AND CLOUDY, 8 SMALL RAIN WITH LIGHNING TO N, 2AM LIGHNING NE, 4AM SQUALLY, 5 FRESH GALES AND RAIN, 11 SQUALLSSMALL RAINCLOUDY0100000247882
1751-10-09T07:0014.5381.272586.7PT RONDO (BANDA?)S58:00E320S81:00W4.33-1WBS, WSW, SSW, VARIABLE, WBSMODERATE8 LIGHNING TO N, 5AM LIGHTNING TO E, MODERATE AND FAIRHEAD SEACLOUDY0000100247883
1751-10-10T07:0014.4380.502581.0PT RONDO (BANDA?)S60:00E330S80:00W15.00-1WBS, WSW, SSW, VARIABLE, WBSLIGHT AIRS5PM MOD AND FAIRFAIR0000000247884
1751-10-11T07:0014.0580.141576.7PT RONDO (BANDA?)S61:30E340S44:00W10.67-1CALM, SSE, SW, SBW, SSEMODERATE11PM LIGHTNING IN SCLOUDY0000100247885
1751-10-12T07:0013.7480.302136.7PT RONDO (BANDA?)S09:00W8.33-1SBE, SSE, WSW, S, CALM, SWBSMODERATEAT 2AM LIGHT AIRSCLOUDY0000000247886
1751-10-13T07:0013.4380.402241.0-1S, SEBS, SBW, SWBS, SWLIGHT AIRSGROUND LIGHTNING IN THE SW. AT 12 MODERATE AND CLOUDY. LATTER PART BREEZES AND CLOUDYFAIR0000100247887
1751-10-14T07:0013.1180.302696.71FORT GAVE 10 GUN SALUTE-1SWBS, SSW, SBW, SBE, SW, WMODERATEFAIR0000000247888
1751-10-15T07:0013.1180.301126.71-1NE, NW, W, ESEMODERATEFAIR0000000247889
1751-10-16T07:0013.1180.301126.71-1ESE, W, ESEMODERATEFAIR0000000247890
1751-10-17T07:0013.1180.30891.01-1ESE, WNW, NNE, ELIGHT AIRSCALMFAIR0000000247891
1751-10-18T07:0013.1180.30226.71-1NE, W, NW, NNEMODERATEMIDDLE PART LIGHT AIRS AND CALMCLOUDY0000000247892
1751-10-19T07:0013.1180.30556.71-1NNE, NEBEMODERATEFAIR0000000247893
1751-10-20T00:00239.3FORT ST DAVIDS ROADFORT GAVE 13 GUN SALUTENE, NEBE, NNW, NNEFRESH BREEZESLIGHTNING TO THE NE, MODERATE AND CLOUDY AT 6FAIR0000100247894
1751-10-21T07:0011.7779.8028110NNE, NE, NNW, WBNHARD SQUALLSLIGHTNING IN THE E IN THE FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS. LATTER MODERATE AND CLOUDYRAIN0100100247895
1751-10-22T07:0011.7779.803496.710NE, N, NNW, NWBW, NBWMODERATEMIDDLE PART SQUALLY WITH THUNDER LIGHTNINGRAINCLOUDY0100100247896
1751-10-23T07:0011.7779.8034919.010NBE, NNW, NWBN, NBWFRESH GALESLATTER PART MODERATE AND CLOUDY WITH HARD SQUALLS AND LARGE SEA FROM NE. THEN FRESH GALES AT 10AMRAINLARGE SEA0100000247897
1751-10-24T07:0011.7779.8032619.010NBW, NWBN, WNW, WBN, NWBNFRESH GALESMIDDLE AND LATTER PARTS MODERATE AND CLOUDYRAIN IN THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHTCLOUDY0100000247898
1751-10-25T07:0011.7779.803496.710NBW, NW, NBWMODERATECLOUDY0000000247899
1751-10-26T07:0011.7779.8034926.810NBW, NBE, NWBN, NBWHARD GALES WITH SQUALLSMID AND LATTER PARTS FRESH GALESRAINSWELL FROM THE NE0100000247900
1751-10-27T07:0011.7779.8022519.010NNW, WSW, W, SWFRESH GALESLATTER PART MODERATE AND CLOUDYRAIN0100000247901
1751-10-28T07:0011.7779.803046.710SWBW, W, NWBWMODERATEFAIR0000000247902
1751-10-29T07:0011.7779.803046.710SWBW, W, NWBWMODERATEFAIR0000000247903