García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during SWALLOW cruise started at 1751-03-12 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747098, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -3.964138 * Median Longitude: 112.626207 * South-bound Latitude: -4.550000 * West-bound Longitude: 108.420000 * North-bound Latitude: -3.450000 * East-bound Longitude: 113.920000
Event(s):
Swallow_17510312_NMM_ADM/L/S567 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Swallow (Sloop), Start of voyage: 1751-03-23, End of voyage: 1751-04-23, 1st Observer: Henry Speke (Captain), 2nd Observer: John Kestell (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 10G 272BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Date/time start | Date/time start | ||||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Comment | Comment | Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields | |||
| 12 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 13 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 14 | Current direction description | Cur dir descr | Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to. | |||
| 15 | Current speed description | V descr | ||||
| 16 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 17 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 18 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 19 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 20 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 21 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 22 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 23 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 24 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 25 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 26 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 27 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 28 | Comment | Comment | ||||
| 29 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
673 data points
Data
| 1 Date/time start | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...) | 12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 13 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 14 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...) | 15 V descr | 16 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 17 ww (Weather description) | 18 Precip descr | 19 State sea descr | 20 Clearness | 21 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 22 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 23 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 24 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 25 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 26 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 27 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 28 Comment | 29 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1751-03-23T00:00 | 315 | 1.0 | SADDLE ON SOUTHERNMOST HILL | SE3/4E | 6 | SOUNDINGS | ENE, NWBW, NW | LIGHT AIRS | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS THUNDE AND LIGHNING. SUCEEDED TOWADS NOON WITH SQUALLS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 247824 | |||||||||||
| 1751-03-24T00:00 | -3.83 | 349 | SADDLE ON SOUTHERNMOST HILL | E1/2S | 10 | N, WBN, ESE, CALM, NBWNW | SQUALLY | SUCCEDED TO CALM | RAINS | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247825 | |||||||||||
| 1751-03-25T00:00 | -4.18 | 135 | 0.0 | SADDLE ON SOUTHERNMOST HILL | EBN | 11 | CALM, NE, E, ESE, SE | SW | STRONG | CALM | MIDDLE PART LIGHT AIRS AND FAIR | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247826 | ||||||||
| 1751-03-26T04:00 | -4.15 | 113.92 | 9 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | E3/4E | 16 | S85:00W | 17.00 | -2 | NNW, WNW, SE, WNW, N, NBE | ESE | STRONG | FRESH GALES SQUALLY | MIDDLE PART VARIABLE. | RAIN | FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247827 | ||||
| 1751-03-27T04:00 | -4.20 | 113.77 | 336 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | E | 56 | WSW1/2W | 9.00 | -2 | NNW, NWBN, NW, WNW, NWBN, NNW | FRESH | MIDDLE PART SQUALLY. LATTER PART MODERATE | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247828 | ||||||
| 1751-03-28T04:00 | -4.20 | 113.76 | 336 | 6.7 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | E | 56 | -2 | NWBN, NNW | MODERATE | MIDDLE PART LIGHTNING, SQUALLS | RAIN | FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 247829 | |||||||
| 1751-03-29T04:00 | -4.20 | 113.76 | 358 | 6.7 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | E | 56 | -2 | NWBN, NWBW, NBW, N | MODERATE | MIDDLE PART SOME RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247830 | ||||||||
| 1751-03-30T04:00 | -3.90 | 113.52 | 257 | 6.7 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | EBS | 46 | NW1/2W | 23.00 | -2 | NW, W, WBS | MODERATE | MIDDLE AND LATTER PARTS SQUALLY | RAIN | FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 247831 | ||||
| 1751-03-31T04:00 | -3.70 | 113.48 | 279 | 6.7 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | ESE | 79 | NBW | 12.00 | SOUNDINGS | -2 | NW, NWBW, NW, NNW, NW, WBN | MODERATE | MIDDLE AND LATTER PARTS FRESH GALES AND SQUALLS | RAIN | SWELL FROM W | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 247832 | |||
| 1751-04-01T04:00 | -3.75 | 113.30 | 347 | 19.0 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | EBS3/4S | 78 | WBS3/4S | 12.00 | SOUNDINGS | -2 | W, WSW, W, NW, NBNW | FRESH GALES | LATTER PART SQUALLY | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 247833 | |||
| 1751-04-02T04:00 | -4.05 | 113.30 | 268 | 15.4 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | S84:00E | 88 | S | 18.00 | -2 | NWBW, WNW, WBS, SW, NW, W | STRONG | MODERATE GALES | MIDDLE PART LIGHT AIRS AND CLOUDY, LATTER PART FAIR | RAIN | SWELL FROM WSW | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 247834 | |||
| 1751-04-03T04:00 | -4.10 | 113.05 | 313 | 1.0 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | S87:00E | 33 | WBS | 15.00 | -2 | SW, SWBS, WBS, SW, NW | CALM TO LIGHT AIRS | MIDDLE PART HARD SQUALLS. LATTER PART MODERATE BREEZE AND FAIR | RAIN | FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 247835 | ||||
| 1751-04-04T04:00 | -4.37 | 112.53 | 246 | 1.0 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | E1/2N | 34 | SBW | 16.00 | -2 | NNW, NW, WNW, WBN, W, WSW | LIGHT AIRS | SUCCEED WITH HARD SQUALLS. LATTER MODERATE AND FAIR | RAIN | FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247836 | |||||
| 1751-04-05T04:00 | -4.40 | 112.53 | 347 | 2.6 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | E1/2N | 37 | WBS1/2S | 7.00 | -2 | NNW, NW, WBN, NWBW, NBW | LITTLE WINDS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247837 | |||||||
| 1751-04-06T04:00 | -4.55 | 112.53 | 361 | 1.0 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | N78:00E | 34 | SE | 13.00 | -2 | N, E, CALM | LIGHT AIRS | CALM | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247838 | ||||||
| 1751-04-07T04:00 | -4.42 | 112.52 | 336 | 0.0 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | N83:00E | 37 | NWBW | 15.00 | -2 | S, SSW, SW, WSW, S, NNW | CALM | MIDDLE PART SQUALLY LATTER PART LIGHT AIRS AND CLOUDY | RAIN | FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247839 | |||||
| 1751-04-08T04:00 | -4.55 | 112.52 | 32 | 1.0 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | N80:00E | 40 | SWBS | 10.00 | -2 | NW, NBE, CALM, NNW, NEBN | LIGHT AIRS | CALM IN THE NIGHT | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247840 | ||||||
| 1751-04-09T04:00 | -4.28 | 112.53 | 234 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | E1/4N | 35 | N38:00E | 20.00 | -2 | N, NW, W, WBS, SWBW | FRESH AND SQUALLY | LATTER PART MODERATE WIND | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247841 | |||||||
| 1751-04-10T04:00 | -3.87 | 112.53 | 362 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | EBS | 36 | N | 25.00 | -2 | WNW, NW, W, WBS, WBN, VARIABLE | LIGHT | MIDDLE PART SQUALLY | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247842 | ||||||
| 1751-04-11T05:00 | -3.50 | 112.48 | 279 | 1.0 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | S72:00E | 138 | NW1/4W | 33.00 | -2 | NWBN, SWBN, SW, WSW, WNW, WBN | LIGHT AIRS | A 7 A BREEZE SPRINGS UP FROM THE WSW. LIGHTNING IN THE NIGHT. LATTER PART MODERATE AND FAIR | CALM | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247843 | ||||||
| 1751-04-12T05:00 | -3.72 | 112.48 | 268 | 6.7 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | S76:00E | 134 | S | 12.00 | -2 | WBS, W, SWBW, SW, NW, W | MODERATE | INCREASEING THEN MODERATE IN THE LATTER PART. MIDDLE PART SQUALLS | RAIN | SWELL FROM THE W | FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247844 | ||||
| 1751-04-13T05:00 | -3.78 | 112.43 | 313 | 6.7 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | SEBS1/4S | 55 | S81:00W | 31.00 | -2 | WNW, NWBW, NNW, NBW, NW | MODERATE | 11AM HARD SQUALLS | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247845 | |||||
| 1751-04-14T05:00 | -3.62 | 112.42 | 313 | 6.7 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | S78:00E | 59 | NW1/2W | 16.00 | -2 | NWBW, WSW, WBN, W, NNW, NW | MODERATE | MIDDLE PART SQUALLY | RAIN | FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247846 | |||||
| 1751-04-15T05:00 | -3.93 | 112.38 | 324 | 6.7 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | S85:00E | 65 | SW1/4W | 28.00 | -2 | WBN, WNW, NBW, NNW, NW, NWBN | MODERATE | MIDDLE PART FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, CLOUDY | RAIN | SWELL FROM THE W | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247847 | ||||
| 1751-04-16T05:00 | -3.45 | 112.38 | 313 | 6.7 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | S75:00E | 66 | N | 29.00 | -2 | W, WBS, W, NWBN, NW | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247848 | |||||||
| 1751-04-17T05:00 | -3.58 | 112.38 | 6.7 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | EBS | 63 | S | 8.00 | -2 | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247849 | |||||||||
| 1751-04-18T05:00 | -3.65 | 112.37 | 6.7 | SOUTH POINT OF BORNEO | S81:00E | 68 | SWBW1/4W | 8.00 | -2 | LEEWARD | STRONG | MODERATE | LITTLE WIND | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247850 | ||||||
| 1751-04-19T05:00 | -3.65 | 112.34 | 6.7 | FLATT POINT | WBN1/2N | 5 | -2 | MODERATE | RESIDUE WITH FREQUENT SQUALLS | RAIN | SWELL FROM WSW | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247851 | ||||||||
| 1751-04-20T05:00 | -3.80 | 112.27 | 19.0 | FLATT POINT | NNE | 7 | WBS1/2S | 30.00 | -2 | FRESH GALES | MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247852 | ||||||||
| 1751-04-21T05:00 | -3.77 | 112.19 | 234 | 15.4 | FLATT POINT | NEBN | 8 | WBN | 8.00 | -2 | NWBW, WBN, W, WSW, WBS, SWBW | MODERATE GALES | DECLINING TO CALM, LATTER ATTENDED WITH GALES, SQUALLS | RAIN | FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247853 | |||||
| 1751-04-22T05:00 | -3.87 | 112.07 | 291 | 2.6 | FLATT POINT | N6:00E | 15 | WNW1/4W | 15.00 | -2 | WSW, SWBW, SW, NW, WNW | LITTLE WINDS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247854 | |||||||
| 1751-04-23T05:00 | -3.95 | 108.42 | 88 | 2.6 | FLATT POINT | N43:00E | 37 | S43:00W | 37.00 | -2 | WBN, WSW, SWBW, N, E | LITTLE WINDS | DECREASING TO FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247855 |