Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -18.412542 * Median Longitude: 47.791695 * South-bound Latitude: -35.730000 * West-bound Longitude: -37.890000 * North-bound Latitude: 29.730000 * East-bound Longitude: 104.640000

Event(s):

Sandwich_17500207_BL_L/MAR/B/606B * Latitude Start: -7.500000 * Longitude Start: 101.850000 * Latitude End: 49.450000 * Longitude End: -5.630000 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Sandwich, Start of voyage: 1750-02-18, End of voyage: 1750-06-28, Voyage: Java - Uk, 1st Observer: John Piere (Captain), 2nd Observer: John Barton (1st Officer/Master), Company: EIC, Other ship information: 498BM. 1745-1759

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	Date/time start	Date/time start
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
7	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
8	Distance to landmark	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance to the first landmark
9	Course	Course		Course of the ship during the past 24 hours
10	Distance	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours
11	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
13	Current direction description	Cur dir descr		Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
14	Current speed description	V descr
15	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
16	Present weather	ww		Weather description
17	Precipitation description	Precip descr
18	State of the sea description	State sea descr
19	Cloud type	Cloud type
20	Clearness	Clearness
21	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
22	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
23	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
24	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
25	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
26	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
27	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
28	Comment	Comment
29	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

1063 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/time start	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark)	9 Course (Course of the ship during the...)	10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...)	11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	13 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...)	14 V descr	15 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	16 ww (Weather description)	17 Precip descr	18 State sea descr	19 Cloud type	20 Clearness	21 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported)	22 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	28 Comment	29 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1750-02-18T05:00	-7.42	104.64	361	0.0	JAVA HEAD	NEBE	12	S55W	6.00	-2	NBE, VARIABLE, CALM	SE1/2E	1	FIRST LIGHT AIRS, REMAINDER CALM			LARGE SWELL FROM THE S		FAIR AND CLOUDY	0	0		224527
1750-02-19T05:00	-7.55	104.59	121	1.0				S12W	25.00	-3	S, SEBS, VARIABLE, SE, SEBE			LIGHT AIRS WITH CALMS			VERY LARGE SWELL FROM THE S		FAIR	0	0		224528
1750-02-20T05:00	-7.87	104.58	110	1.0				S4W	43.00	-3	SE, SEBS, SSE, SEBS, ESE			LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM					FAIR	0	0		224529
1750-02-21T05:00	-8.58	104.48	121	1.0				S24W	36.00	-3	SEBS, SSE, SE, VARIABLE, SEBE	NNW	2	LIGHT AIRS WITH CALMS		SHOWERS	SWELL FROM THE S		FAIR	1	0		224530
1750-02-22T05:00	-9.42	103.64	132	9.3				S44W	71.00	-3	SE, SEBS, SE			FRESH BREEZES			SWELL FROM THE S		FAIR	0	0		224531
1750-02-23T05:00	-10.78	102.56	143	19.0				S45W	79.00	-3	SE, SEBS, SE, SEBS	S	STRONG	FRESH GALES			SWELL FROM THE S		FAIR	0	0		224532
1750-02-24T05:00	-12.07	101.49	133	19.0				S40W	102.00	-2	SE, SEBE, SE			FRESH GALES			SMOOTH WATER		FAIR	0	0		224533
1750-02-25T05:00	-13.28	100.66	121	2.6				S38W	81.00	-3	SEBE, SE, SEBS, SE, SEBE			LIGHT BREEZES					PLEASANT AND FAIR	0	0		224534
1750-02-26T05:00	-14.17	99.96	143					S39W	67.00	-3	SEBE, SE, SEBS, SSE, SE, SEBS			LIGHT BREEZES, SOME SQUALLS					MOSTLY FAIR, CLOUDY	0	0		224535
1750-02-27T05:00	-15.53	98.29	132	9.3				S50W	131.00	-3	SE			PLEASANT GALES, SQUALLY					FAIR, CLOUDY	0	0		224536
1750-02-28T06:00	-16.67	95.53	132	19.0				S67W	181.00	-3	SE, ESE, SSE, VARIABLE, SE			SQUALLY, FRESH GALES AT NOON		RAIN			FIRST AND LATTER FAIR	0	1		224537
1750-03-01T06:00	-17.28	92.16	110	12.3				S76W	194.00	-3	SE, ESE			FRESH TRADE					FAIR PLEASANT	0	0		224538
1750-03-02T06:00	-17.90	89.29	96	9.3				S76W	169.00	-5	ESE, EBS			PLEASANT GALES					FAIR	0	0		224539
1750-03-03T06:00	-18.52	86.69	96					S76W	155.00	-5	ESE, EBN, EBS, E, EBS			MODERATE, LATTER SQUALLY		RAIN			FIRST AND MIDDLE FAIR, BUT CLOUDY	0	1		224540
1750-03-04T06:00	-19.05	84.39	74	9.3				S75W	136.00	-5	ESE, E, EBS, EBN			PLEASANT GALES					FAIR	0	0		224541
1750-03-05T06:00	-19.58	83.16	74	6.7				S75W	112.00	-5	EBN			LIGHT TRADE					FAIR PLEASANT	0	0		224542
1750-03-06T07:00	-19.95	81.36	85	2.6				S77W	106.00	-5	EBS, E			LIGHT WINDS					FAIR PLEASANT	0	0		224543
1750-03-07T07:00	-20.22	79.53	85	6.7				S81W	106.00	-5	E, EBN, E	S		LIGHT TRADE					FAIR PLEASANT	0	0		224544
1750-03-08T07:00	-20.50	77.76	96	2.6				S85W	101.00	-5	EBS, E, ESE, VARIABLE, EBS			LIGHT WINDS/TRADE					FAIR	0	0		224545
1750-03-09T07:00	-20.70	76.09	84	2.6				S85W	95.00	-6	E			LIGHT BREEZES					FAIR AND PLEASANT	0	0		224546
1750-03-10T07:00	-20.97	74.06	118	6.7				S84W	115.00	-6	E, ESE, E, EBS, SEBE			LIGHT TRADE			SMOOTH WATER		FAIR AND PLEASANT	0	0		224547
1750-03-11T07:00	-21.40	71.86	93					S75W	128.00	-8	SEBE, EBS, VARIABLE, ESE, EBS			SQUALLY AT TIMES		RAIN			FIRST AND LATTER FAIR, MIDDLE CLOUDY	0	1		224548
1750-03-12T07:00	-22.52	69.26	124					S66W	161.00	-11	ESE, VARIABLE, SEBE, SE			FREQUENT SQUALLS		RAIN			FIRST FAIR, REMAINDER DARK CLOUDY	0	1		224549
1750-03-13T08:00	-24.28	66.63	110	19.0				S58W	173.00	-14	ESE, SEBE			FIRST SQUALLY, MID AND LATTER FRESH GALES			SMOOTHER THAN BEFORE		FAIR	0	0		224550
1750-03-14T08:00	-24.80	64.33	31	9.3				S81W	138.00	-14	EBS, E, EBN, ENE, NEBE, NE			PLEASANT GALES					FAIR	0	0		224551
1750-03-15T08:00	-25.17	62.84	76	2.6				S79W	83.00	-14	NEBN, NE, ENE, EBN, ENE, E			LIGHT BREEZES		DROPS OF RAIN	LARGE SWELL		FAIR	0	1		224552
1750-03-16T08:00	-25.68	61.61	74	2.6				S66W	75.00	-16	E, EBS, E, EBN, E			LIGHT BREEZES					FAIR AND PLEASANT	0	0		224553
1750-03-17T08:00	-26.55	59.88	63	2.6				S61W	108.00	-16	E, VARIABLE, SE, EBS, E, EBN			LIGHT WINDS					FAIR	0	0		224554
1750-03-18T08:00	-27.25	58.39	85	2.6				S62W	90.00	-16	EBS, ESE, SEBE, EBN, EBS			LIGHT WINDS	CLOSE	SMALL RAIN			CLOUDY	0	1		224555
1750-03-19T08:00	-28.17	56.23	103	9.3				S63W	132.00	-21	VARIABLE, SE, SEBE, ESE, SEBE			LITTLE WIND AND CALM, REM PLEASANT GALES					FIRST DARK AND CLOUDY, REM FAIR	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224556
1750-03-20T08:00	-29.02	52.99	103	19.0				S72W	181.00	-21	EBS, SEBE, SE, ESE, SEBE			FRESH GALES		DROPS OF RAIN			CLOUDY	0	1	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224557
1750-03-21T09:00	-29.30	51.51	112	2.6				S76W	82.00	-23	VARIABLE, SEBE, VARIABLE, SE			FIRST PART SQUALLY, REMAINDER LIGHT BREEZES			LARGE SWELL FROM E		FIRST CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224558
1750-03-22T09:00	-29.15	50.24	180					S82W	69.00	-23	VARIABLE, SWBS, SW, SSW			SQUALLY		RAIN			FIRST AND LATTER FAIR, MID CLOUDY	0	1	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224559
1750-03-23T09:00	-29.75	48.94	101	2.6				S62W	78.00	-23	S, SBW, S, VARIABLE, SEBE	S	STRONG	LIGHT BREEZES			SWELL FROM SW		FAIR AND PLEASANT	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224560
1750-03-24T09:00	-30.05	47.11	55	19.0				S80W	99.00	-24	ESE, VARIABLE, EBS, EBN			FRESH GALES		RAIN			FIRST FAIR, MID CLOUDY, LATTER THICK AND HAZY	0	1	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224561
1750-04-22T11:00	-34.65	20.83	362	2.6	CAPE LAGUALAS	S22W	9	N72W	34.00	-19	S, SWBW, SSW, WBN, WSW, VARIABLE			LIGHT BREEZES WITH CALMS				VERY CLOUDY		0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224562
1750-04-23T11:00	-35.73	21.06	184	19.0				S45E	76.00	-19	WBS, S, WSW, WBS, SWBW, SSW			FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY		RAIN	LARGE SWELL FROM WSW		CLOUDY	0	1	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224563
1750-04-24T11:00	-35.27	19.23	161					N70W	98.00	-19	SW, SWBS, SSW, SBW, S, S			VARIABLE			LARGE SWELL FROM WSW THEN S		FIRST AND MID CLOUDY AND HAZY, LATTER FINE PLEASAN	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224564
1750-04-25T11:00	-33.10	16.56	129	19.0				N51W	177.00	-17	S, SBE, SEBS, SE, SEBS			FRESH GALES					CLOUDY	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224565
1750-04-26T11:00	-30.70	14.03	141	19.0				N40W	202.00	-17	SEBS, SSE			FRESH GALES					HAZY	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224566
1750-04-27T11:00	-29.10	12.89	141	2.6				N34W	108.00	-17	SSE, SBE, SSE, SSE			LIGHT BREEZES					FAIR AND PLEASANT	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224567
1750-04-28T11:00	-28.15	11.54	176	2.6				N54W	89.00	-15	SSE, SW, SSW, SBE, SBW			LIGHT BREEZES					FAIR AND PLEASANT	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224568
1750-04-29T11:00	-27.50	10.99	233	1.0				N57W	56.00	-15	SWBS, S, SSW, VARIABLE, WSW			LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM						0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224569
1750-04-30T11:00	-26.95	10.41	362	2.6				N46W	44.00	-16	SW, SWBS, SSW, S, VARIABLE			LIGHT BREEZES WITH CALMS						0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224570
1750-05-01T11:00	-25.47	9.03	63	9.3				N36W	128.00	-16	SE, SEBE, E, VARIABLE, NEBE, EBN			PLEASANT GALES AND TRADES					FINE AND FAIR	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224571
1750-05-02T11:00	-24.75	8.88	40					N11W	58.00	-16	NEBE, VARIABLE, ESE, ENE, NEBE			LIGHT BREEZES WITH CALMS, VARIABLE			SMOOTH WATER		CLOUDY AND FAIR	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224572
1750-05-03T11:00	-23.78	9.08	254	6.7				N12E	78.00	-16	NBE, NNW, NWBN, WBN, WNW, WBN, W			MODERATE SOME SQUALLS		RAIN			CLOUDY	0	1	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224573
1750-05-04T11:00	-23.00	8.53	361	2.6				N37W	51.00	-16	WBN, WSW, SWBW, SWBS, CALM			LIGHT BREEZES AND CALMS					CLOUDY AND FAIR	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224574
1750-05-05T11:00	-22.33	7.84	74					N43W	57.00	-16	SSE, CALM, VARIABLE, SE, E			LIGHT BREEZES AND VARIABLE, WITH CALMS, SQUALLY		RAIN			CLOUDY AND FAIR	0	1	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224575
1750-05-06T11:00	-21.93	7.54	362	1.0				N32W	33.00	-16	NNE, E, SBE, CAM, VARIABLE			LIGHT AIRS VARIABLE CALMS SOME SQUALLS		DROPS OF RAIN			CLOUDY	0	1	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224576
1750-05-07T12:00	-20.15	6.34	144	9.3				N33W	123.00	-14	SBE, S, SBE, SSE			PLEASANT GALES		RAIN			FAIR	0	1	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224577
1750-05-08T12:00	-17.97	4.84	144	9.3				N30W	173.00	-14	SBE, SSE			PLEASANT GALES					FAIR	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224578
1750-05-09T12:00	-16.20	3.08	109	19.0				N40W	173.00	-15	SSE, SEBS, SSE, SE, SEBS, SEBE			FRESH GALES					FAIR	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224579
1750-05-10T12:00	-15.77	0.84	362	19.0				N79W	146.00	-13	ESE, EBS, SEBE, ESE, SEBE, VARIABLE			FRESH GALES		RAIN			FAIR	0	1	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224580
1750-05-11T12:00	-15.83	-0.86	111					S88W	96.00	-13	SE, ESE, SW, NEBN, SEBE								FAIR AND PLEASANT	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	224581
1750-06-25T14:00	26.18	-36.57	40	9.3				N30W	126.00	-5	NEBE, NE			PLEASANT TRADE					FINE FAIR	0	0		224582
1750-06-26T14:00	27.98	-37.45	61	4.6				N24W	117.00	-7	NE, NEBE, ENE			GENTLE TRADE					PLEASANT AND FAIR	0	0		224583
1750-06-27T15:00	29.20	-37.79	362	2.6				N14W	78.00	-5	ENE, NEBE, NE, ENE, EBN, NE, VARIABLE			LITTLE WIND					PLEASANT AND FAIR	0	0		224584
1750-06-28T15:00	29.73	-37.89	74	1.0				N8W	35.00	-5	EBN, NEBE, ENE, EBN			LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS					FAIR	0	0		224585