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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during PHILADELPHIA cruise from Guinea to Suriname started at 1753-10-27 [dataset]. Rijksarchief Zeeland, Middelburg, Netherland, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747025, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 1.365143 * Median Longitude: -15.111571 * South-bound Latitude: -3.080000 * West-bound Longitude: -54.450000 * North-bound Latitude: 7.230000 * East-bound Longitude: 3.330000
Event(s):
Philadelphia_17531027_MCC_20_896 * Latitude Start: 4.480000 * Longitude Start: 1.680000 * Latitude End: 6.180000 * Longitude End: -55.410000 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Philadelphia, Start of voyage: 1753-10-27, End of voyage: 1754-01-06, Voyage: Guinea - Suriname, 1st Observer: J. Menkenveld (Schipper), Company: MCC, Other ship information: BEMAND MET 35 MAN EN GEMONTEERD MET 6 STUKKEN KANON EN 3 POND EN 4 DRAAISTUKKEN. 18 NOVEMBER 1752 UITGEVAREN NAAR DE KUST VAN GUINÉE OM SLAVEN.
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1Date/time startDate/time start
2LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
3LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
4Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6Image number/nameImage no/nameIdentification Number of the original image
7LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
8BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
9Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
10--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
11WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
12GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
13CommentCommentLife on board
14CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
15DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
16CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
17DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
18Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
19Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
20Present weatherwwWeather description
21Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
22State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
23Cloud typeCloud type
24ClearnessClearness
25GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
26Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
27FogFog1 If fog was reported
28Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
29ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
30HailHail1 If hail was reported
31Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
32CommentComment
33IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1443 data points

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