Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 22.029474 * Median Longitude: -17.821228 * South-bound Latitude: 6.380000 * West-bound Longitude: -22.380000 * North-bound Latitude: 47.730000 * East-bound Longitude: -9.050000

Event(s):

Philadelphia_17500629_MCC_20_891 * Latitude Start: 51.460000 * Longitude Start: 3.330000 * Latitude End: 4.480000 * Longitude End: 1.680000 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Philadelphia, Start of voyage: 1750-06-29, End of voyage: 1750-09-02, Voyage: Middelburg - Guinee, 1st Observer: Cornelis Maarschalk, Company: MCC

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	Date/time start	Date/time start
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Image number/name	Image no/name		Identification Number of the original image
7	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
8	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
9	Distance to landmark	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance to the first landmark
10	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
11	Watch	Watch		Name of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
12	Glasses	Glasses		Number of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
13	Course	Course		Course of the ship during the past 24 hours
14	Distance	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours
15	Comment	Comment		Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
16	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
17	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
18	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
19	Present weather	ww		Weather description
20	Precipitation description	Precip descr
21	Cloud type	Cloud type
22	Clearness	Clearness
23	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
24	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
25	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
26	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
27	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
28	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
29	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
30	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

1161 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/time start	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 Image no/name (Identification Number of the ...)	7 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	8 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	9 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark)	10 - (1 If position is considered t...)	11 Watch (Name of the period of 4 hours...)	12 Glasses (Number of glasses within a wa...)	13 Course (Course of the ship during the...)	14 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...)	15 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...)	16 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	17 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	18 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	19 ww (Weather description)	20 Precip descr	21 Cloud type	22 Clearness	23 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported)	24 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	30 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1750-06-29T00:00					MCC_20_891_0003									ONDER ZEIL VANAF RAMMEKENS.								0	0	187664
1750-07-06T13:00	47.73	-9.05	219	4.6	MCC_20_891_0003					VM	8	Z 1/2 O	8.00		-17	ZW-ZWTW	GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187665
1750-07-07T13:00	46.85	-10.15	209	4.6	MCC_20_891_0003					VM	8	ZW 1/2 Z	17.00		-16	ZW	BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187666
1750-07-08T13:00	46.78	-11.17	29	2.6	MCC_20_891_0003					VM	8	W 1/2 Z	10.00		-16	NO	SLAPPE KOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187667
1750-07-09T13:00	45.90	-12.42	299	6.7	MCC_20_891_0004					VM	8	ZWTW 1/2 W	15.00		-16	NW	ONGESTADIGE MARSZEILSKOELTE	OOK GOED WEER	MOTREGEN			0	1	187668
1750-07-10T13:00	45.15	-14.47	29	2.6	MCC_20_891_0004					VM	8	WZW	23.50		-16	NO	SLAPPE KOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187669
1750-07-11T13:00	44.62	-15.57	254	2.6	MCC_20_891_0004					VM	8	ZWTW 1/3 Z	15.00		-16	W	SLAPPE KOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187670
1750-07-12T13:00	43.93	-16.90	299	2.6	MCC_20_891_0004					VM	8	ZWTW	17.00		-16	NW	LABBER EN STIL	MOOI WEER				0	0	187671
1750-07-13T13:00	43.38	-17.62	288	4.6	MCC_20_891_0004					VM	8	ZWTZ	14.00		-16	NWTW	GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187672
1750-07-14T13:00	42.53	-18.68	299	2.6	MCC_20_891_0004					VM	8	ZW	16.50		-16	NW	LABBER EN STIL	OOK GOED WEER	MOTREGEN			0	1	187673
1750-07-15T13:00	42.37	-19.45	361		MCC_20_891_0004					VM	8	WTZ 1/2 Z	9.00		-14	STIL						0	0	187674
1750-07-16T13:00	41.42	-19.45	222	4.6	MCC_20_891_0005					VM	8	Z	15.50		-14	WTZ-ZWTW	GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	GOED WEER				0	0	187675
1750-07-17T13:00	40.23	-20.05	31	4.6	MCC_20_891_0005					VM	8	ZZW	18.00		-14	NO	BRAMZEILSKOELTE	OOK GOED WEER	REGEN			0	1	187676
1750-07-19T13:00	37.63	-21.18	54	2.6	MCC_20_891_0005					VM	8	ZTW	14.50		-14	NO-ONO	SLAPPE KOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187677
1750-07-20T13:00	36.88	-21.55	44	4.0	MCC_20_891_0005					VM	8	ZZW	11.00		-12	NO-NOTO	SLAPPE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187678
1750-07-21T13:00	35.50	-22.38	44	4.9	MCC_20_891_0005					VM	8	ZZW	26.00		-12	NOTO	FRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187679
1750-07-22T13:00	34.17	-22.11	67	4.6	MCC_20_891_0005					VM	8	Z	22.00		-12	OTN	BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187680
1750-07-23T13:00	32.37	-21.84	34	4.9	MCC_20_891_0006					VM	8	Z	27.50		-11	NO	FRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187681
1750-07-24T13:00	30.03	-21.57	90	4.6	MCC_20_891_0006					VM	8	Z	35.00		-11	OTN-OTZ	BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER		BETOGEN LUCHT		0	0	187682
1750-07-25T13:00	27.45	-21.29	46	6.7	MCC_20_891_0006					VM	8	Z	39.75		-10	NOTO	STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN MARSZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187683
1750-07-26T13:00	25.45	-20.54	35	4.6	MCC_20_891_0006					VM	8	ZTO	33.00		-10	NNO-NO	BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187684
1750-07-27T13:00	23.72	-19.86	58	4.6	MCC_20_891_0006					VM	8	ZTO	28.00		-10	OTN-ONO	GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER		BETOGEN LUCHT		0	0	187685
1750-07-28T13:00	21.95	-19.59	25	4.6	MCC_20_891_0006					VM	8	Z	26.00		-9	NOTN	GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER			HARIGE LUCHT	0	0	187686
1750-07-29T13:00	19.52	-19.32	351	4.6	MCC_20_891_0006					VM	8	Z	36.00		-9	N	BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187687
1750-07-30T13:00	17.45	-18.40	352	4.6	MCC_20_891_0006					VM	8	ZTO	31.50		-8	N	BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187688
1750-07-31T13:00	15.77	-17.99	352	2.6	MCC_20_891_0007					VM	8	Z 1/2 O	20.50		-8	N	SLAPPE KOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187689
1750-08-01T13:00	15.15	-17.87	37	0.0	MCC_20_891_0007					VM	8	ZTW	11.00		-8	NO	STILTE, OOK SLAPPE KOELTE		REGEN	TRAVATIGE LUCHT		0	1	187690
1750-08-02T13:00	15.70	-17.88	352	4.6	MCC_20_891_0007					VM	8	WZW	4.50		-8	NNW-N	GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187691
1750-08-03T13:00	15.23	-18.36	3	4.6	MCC_20_891_0007					VM	8	ZOTZ	13.00		-8	NTO	BRAMZEILSKOELTE					0	0	187692
1750-08-04T13:00	14.82	-17.80	195	4.6	MCC_20_891_0008					VM	8	ZOTZ	7.50		-8	Z-ZZW	LABBERKOELTE-BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187693
1750-08-05T13:00	14.50	-17.20	226	2.6	MCC_20_891_0008	RIVIER DE SINEGAAL, NOORDKUST		3	1	VM	8				-10	ZW-ZWTW	GEMENE KOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187694
1750-08-06T13:00	14.35	-17.51	330	4.6	MCC_20_891_0008					VM	8				-8	NNW	GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	TRAVATIG WEER				0	0	187695
1750-08-07T13:00	14.20	-17.87	330	4.6	MCC_20_891_0008					VM	8	WZW	12.00		-8	NNW	GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187696
1750-08-08T13:00	14.90	-18.22	285	4.6	MCC_20_891_0008	KAAP VERDE	ZO	18		VM	8	ZWTW 1/2 W	6.00		-8	WNW	BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187697
1750-08-09T13:00	13.58	-19.27	3	4.6	MCC_20_891_0009					VM	8	ZW 1/4 Z	22.50		-8	N-NTO	GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	GOED WEER	OOK EEN WEINIG REGEN			0	1	187698
1750-08-10T13:00	13.00	-19.48	262	2.6	MCC_20_891_0009					VM	8	ZTW	16.00		-8	W	SLAPPE KOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187699
1750-08-11T13:00	11.95	-19.22	308	4.6	MCC_20_891_0009					VM	8	ZTO	20.50		-7	NW	GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187700
1750-08-12T13:00	10.63	-18.63	331	4.6	MCC_20_891_0009					VM	8	ZZO	22.50		-7	NNW	GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187701
1750-08-13T13:00	10.08	-17.95	241	6.7	MCC_20_891_0009					VM	8	ZOTZ	18.00		-7	WZW	MARSZEILSKOELTE EN GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE		MOTREGEN			0	1	187702
1750-08-14T13:00	10.50	-18.15	241	22.6	MCC_20_891_0009					VM	8	NNW	8.00		-7	WZW	STIJVE ONDERZEILSKOELTE		STERKE REGEN			0	1	187703
1750-08-15T13:00	11.05	-18.63	229	6.7	MCC_20_891_0010					VM	8	NW	10.00		-7	ZZW-ZWTW	MARSZEILSKOELTE	GOED WEER	EEN WEINIG REGEN			0	1	187704
1750-08-16T13:00	11.07	-18.52	207	15.4	MCC_20_891_0010					VM	8	ZOTO	2.00		-7	ZW-ZWTZ	TRAVATIG		TRAVATIG WEER MET REGEN			0	1	187705
1750-08-17T13:00	10.65	-18.80	229	12.3	MCC_20_891_0010					VM	8	ZWTZ	7.00		-7	ZW-ZWTW	STIJVE GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE	TRAVATIG WEER				0	0	187706
1750-08-18T13:00	9.92	-18.48	207	12.3	MCC_20_891_0010					VM	8	ZZO	12.00		-7	ZZW-ZWTZ	STIJVE GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE			TRAVATIGE LUCHT		0	0	187707
1750-08-19T13:00	9.12	-18.48	196	6.7	MCC_20_891_0010					VM	8	Z	2.00		-7	WZW-ZZW	MARSZEILSKOELTE EN GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE		REGEN			0	1	187708
1750-08-20T13:00	10.23	-18.92	241	6.7	MCC_20_891_0010					VM	8	NW	9.00		-7	ZZW-WZW	MARSZEILSKOELTE EN GEREEFDE KOELTE		REGEN			0	1	187709
1750-08-21T13:00	10.52	-18.68	207	15.4	MCC_20_891_0010					VM	8	NWTN	5.00		-7	ZW-ZWTZ	TRAVATIG	TRAVATIG MET BUIEN				1	0	187710
1750-08-22T13:00	11.15	-18.67	218	12.3	MCC_20_891_0011					VM	8	NWTN	11.50		-7	ZW	STIJVE GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE EN ONDERZEILSKOELTE		REGENBUIEN			1	1	187711
1750-08-23T13:00	11.67	-18.76	218	6.7	MCC_20_891_0011					VM	8	NW	11.00		-7	ZW	MARSZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187712
1750-08-24T13:00	12.10	-18.99	218	4.6	MCC_20_891_0011					VM	8	NWTW	11.50		-7	ZW	BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN GEMENE KOELTE	TRAVATIG WEER				0	0	187713
1750-08-25T13:00	11.47	-18.25	218	4.6	MCC_20_891_0011					VM	8	ZOTZ	8.50		-7	ZW	BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187714
1750-08-26T13:00	11.33	-17.71	196	4.6	MCC_20_891_0011					VM	8	ZZO	5.00		-7	ZWTZ-ZZW	BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187715
1750-08-27T13:00	10.63	-17.00	238	4.6	MCC_20_891_0011					VM	8	ZZO	11.50		-10	ZW-WZW	GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187716
1750-08-28T13:00	9.30	-16.58	260	4.6	MCC_20_891_0011					VM	8	Z	20.00		-10	W	BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187717
1750-08-29T13:00	8.02	-15.59	226	4.6	MCC_20_891_0011					VM	8	ZZO	22.00		-10	WZW-ZWTW	BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187718
1750-08-31T13:00	7.27	-13.24	284	4.6	MCC_20_891_0012					VM	8	ZOTO	9.00		-9	WZW-WNW	GEMENE BRAMZEILSKOELTE		REGEN			0	1	187719
1750-09-01T13:00	6.43	-11.50	192	4.6	MCC_20_891_0012					VM	8	ZOTO	24.00		-11	ZW-ZZW	BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187720
1750-09-02T13:00	6.38	-11.00	214	4.6	MCC_20_891_0012	KAAP MASURADO	OTZ			VM	8	OTZ	19.50	BEVONDEN ZICH 5°41 OOSTELIJKER DAN GEGIST. AANKOMST AFRIKAANSE KUST, BEGIN INHANDELINGSPERIODE.	-11	ZZW-ZW	LABBERKOELTE TOT BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				0	0	187721