García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MERCURY cruise from Plymouth to Newfoundland started at 1750-07-03 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747007, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 48.049655 * Median Longitude: -26.868621 * South-bound Latitude: 46.300000 * West-bound Longitude: -50.930000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.280000 * East-bound Longitude: -5.460000
Event(s):
Mercury_17500703_NMM_ADM/L/M151 * Latitude Start: 50.299000 * Longitude Start: -4.150000 * Latitude End: 46.700000 * Longitude End: -52.500000 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Mercury, Start of voyage: 1750-07-14, End of voyage: 1750-08-11, Voyage: Plymouth - Newfoundland, 1st Observer: Francis William Drake (Author), Company: Royal Navy
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Date/time start | Date/time start | ||||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Comment | Comment | Any remark, found in the logbook on this particular day, about the ship, sails, rigging, etc. | |||
| 12 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 13 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 14 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 15 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 16 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 17 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 18 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 19 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 20 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 21 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 22 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 23 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 24 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 25 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
587 data points
Data
| 1 Date/time start | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Comment (Any remark, found in the logb...) | 12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 13 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 14 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 15 Precip descr | 16 State sea descr | 17 Clearness | 18 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 19 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 20 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 21 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 22 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 23 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 24 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 25 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1750-07-14T12:00 | 49.30 | -5.46 | 332 | 2.6 | THE EDDYSTONE | N42:2E | 24 | S41:2W | 72.00 | -17 | WBS, NW, NWBN, NWBW, NBNW | FIRST AND MIDDLE MODERATE, LATTER LITTLE WINDS | FIRST AND MIDDLE HAZY, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167564 | |||
| 1750-07-15T12:00 | 48.80 | -5.89 | 197 | 2.6 | THE EDDYSTONE | N37:13E | 35 | S29:32W | 35.00 | -17 | WNW, NW, WSW, SWBS | LITTLE WIND | LARGE SWELL FROM NW | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167565 | ||
| 1750-07-16T13:00 | 49.65 | -7.93 | 276 | 19.0 | THE EDDYSTONE | N76:57E | 49 | N59:20W | 100.00 | -17 | SWBS, SW, W, WBN, WNW | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES | MIDDLE AND LATTER RAIN | FIRST PART CLEAR, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167566 | ||
| 1750-07-17T13:00 | 48.17 | -9.24 | 309 | 6.7 | THE EDDYSTONE | N57:59E | 77 | S30:18W | 103.00 | -17 | WNW, NWBW, NW, NWBN | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART CLEAR, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167567 | |||
| 1750-07-18T13:00 | 46.75 | -9.99 | 254 | 6.7 | THE EDDYSTONE | N47:48E | 103 | S19:48W | 90.00 | -16 | NWBW, WNW, W | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167568 | |||
| 1750-07-19T13:00 | 46.55 | -10.98 | 97 | 6.7 | THE EDDYSTONE | N50:47E | 115 | S73:7W | 41.00 | -16 | NNE, ESE | FIRST PART CALM, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | MIDDLE AND LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167569 | |||
| 1750-07-20T13:00 | 46.55 | -12.83 | 29 | 2.6 | THE EDDYSTONE | N57:18E | 135 | W | 76.00 | -16 | EBS, NE | FIRST AND MIDDLE MODERATE, LATTER LITTLE WIND | FIRST AND MIDDLE CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167570 | |||
| 1750-07-21T13:00 | 46.77 | -13.43 | 232 | 2.6 | THE EDDYSTONE | N60:31E | 140 | N62:33W | 28.00 | -16 | WNW, SWBW, WSW | FIRST PART CALM, THEN LITTLE WIND | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167571 | |||
| 1750-07-22T13:00 | 47.02 | -16.14 | 198 | 19.0 | THE EDDYSTONE | N67:56E | 169 | N82:18W | 112.00 | -16 | SWBW, SW, SWBS | FIRST AND MIDDLE LITTLE WINDS, LATTER FRESH GALES | FIRST AND MIDDLE CLEAR, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167572 | |||
| 1750-07-23T13:00 | 46.93 | -17.23 | 254 | 19.0 | THE EDDYSTONE | N69:10E | 184 | S83:56W | 47.00 | -16 | SWBS, WBS, WBN, WNW, W, W | FIRST AND LATTER FRESH GALES, MIDDLE MODERATE | FIRST AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167573 | |||
| 1750-07-24T13:00 | 47.70 | -20.38 | 218 | 26.8 | THE EDDYSTONE | N76:14E | 218 | N69:51W | 116.00 | -18 | NWBW, SW, SWBW | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER HARD GALES | VERY LARGE SEA | FIRST PART CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167574 | ||
| 1750-07-25T13:00 | 48.03 | -21.84 | 297 | 6.7 | THE EDDYSTONE | N79:22E | 235 | N71:16W | 62.00 | -18 | SWBW, WSW, WBS, WBN, NWBW, NW | FIRST FRESH GALES, MIDDLE HARD GALES, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART VERY HEAVY SEA, LATTER LARGE SWELL FROM THE WNW | LATTER PART CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167575 | ||
| 1750-07-26T14:00 | 46.83 | -24.43 | 300 | 6.7 | THE EDDYSTONE | N75:51E | 275 | S55:18W | 127.00 | -15 | NNW, NW, NWBW, NWBW, NW | FIRST AND MIDDLE FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST AND MIDDLE CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167576 | |||
| 1750-07-27T14:00 | 46.55 | -26.21 | 255 | 26.8 | THE EDDYSTONE | N78:32E | 300 | S76:53W | 75.00 | -15 | NWBW, NW, NWBW, NNW, W | FIRST AND MIDDLE FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER HARD GALES | LATTER HEAVY SEAS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167577 | |||
| 1750-07-28T14:00 | 47.05 | -27.06 | 199 | 6.7 | THE EDDYSTONE | N78:32E | 308 | N49:24W | 46.00 | -15 | WSW, WBS, WBN, SWBW, SWBS | FIRST AND MIDDLE HARD GALES AND SQUALLY, THEN FRESH GALES, IN THE LATTER MODERATE | FIRST AND MIDDLE RAIN | LATTER PART HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167578 | ||
| 1750-07-29T14:00 | 46.30 | -28.39 | 30 | 2.6 | THE EDDYSTONE | N76:05E | 324 | S67:55W | 67.00 | -15 | WNW, NW, VARIABLE, NNE, NE | FIRST AND MIDDLE MODERATE, LATTER LITTLE WIND | FIRST AND MIDDLE RAIN | FIRST AND MIDDLE HAZY, LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167579 | ||
| 1750-07-30T14:00 | 46.62 | -29.69 | 233 | 2.6 | THE EDDYSTONE | N78:02E | 345 | N70:57W | 58.00 | -15 | ESE, SE, SSW-WSW | LITTLE WIND | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167580 | |||
| 1750-07-31T14:00 | 47.68 | -31.59 | 275 | 19.0 | THE EDDYSTONE | N81:55E | 364 | N45:00W | 90.00 | -18 | WSW, W, NW, WNW | FIRST LITTLE WINDS, THEN MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES | FIRST PART CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167581 | |||
| 1750-08-01T14:00 | 47.68 | -32.96 | 330 | 2.6 | THE EDDYSTONE | N82:24E | 380 | W | 55.00 | -19 | NWBW, W, WSW, WBS, NW, NBW | FIRST PART FRESH GALES THEN LITTLE WINDS, LATTER PART LITTLE WIND | FIRST PART RAIN AT TIMES | FIRST PART HAZY, LATTER PART CLEAR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167582 | ||
| 1750-08-02T14:00 | 47.62 | -33.71 | 82 | 2.6 | THE EDDYSTONE | N82:24E | 391 | S82:24W | 30.00 | -19 | NWBW, NW, NE, EBS | FIRST PART CALM THEN LITTLE WINDS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167583 | |||
| 1750-08-03T14:00 | 47.62 | -35.48 | 161 | 2.6 | THE EDDYSTONE | N82:47E | 411 | W | 67.00 | -19 | EBS, NEBE, E, S | LITTLE WIND | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167584 | |||
| 1750-08-04T15:00 | 48.45 | -38.08 | 261 | 19.0 | THE EDDYSTONE | N85:28E | 443 | N61:29W | 106.00 | -20 | SSW, SW, WBS, W, WBN | FIRST PART LITTLE WIND THEN MODERATE, AT NOON FRESH GALES | FIRST PART CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167585 | |||
| 1750-08-05T15:00 | 49.88 | -39.74 | 228 | 19.0 | THE EDDYSTONE | N89:13E | 463 | N37:05W | 108.00 | -20 | WBN, W, WBS, WSW | FRESH GALES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167586 | |||
| 1750-08-06T15:00 | 51.05 | -42.16 | 216 | 19.0 | THE EDDYSTONE | S87:58E | 492 | N52:44W | 116.00 | -20 | WBS, WSW, SWBW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167587 | ||||
| 1750-08-07T15:00 | 51.28 | -44.79 | 273 | 0.0 | THE EDDYSTONE | S87:33E | 510 | N75:43W | 57.00 | -20 | WSW, SWBW, WNW | FIRST AND MIDDLE FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, THEN MODERATE, LATTER PART CALM | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167588 | ||||
| 1750-08-08T15:00 | 50.90 | -46.11 | 261 | 26.8 | THE EDDYSTONE | S88:30E | 535 | S69:57W | 67.00 | -20 | S, SSW, SBE, WSW, WBN | FIRST PART CALM THEN LITTLE WINDS, MIDDLE FRESH GALES, LATTER PART HARD GALES | FIRST PART RAIN | FIRST PART HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167589 | ||
| 1750-08-09T15:00 | 49.47 | -47.06 | 340 | THE EDDYSTONE | N88:29E | 554 | S36:39W | 107.00 | DURING THE CONTINUANCE OF THE GALE THE SHIP TOOK MADE 2 FT OF WATER AN HOUR | -20 | WNW, NWBN, N | FIRST PART HARD GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER PARTS SQUALLY | MIDDLE AND LATTER RAIN | MIDDLE PART VERY HEAVY SEA | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167590 | ||
| 1750-08-10T15:00 | 47.97 | -49.46 | 328 | 2.6 | THE EDDYSTONE | N85:45E | 603 | S57:04W | 165.00 | -21 | NWBN, NNW, NBW | FIRST AND MIDDLE FRESH GALES, LATTER PART LITTLE WIND | FIRST PART HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167591 | |||
| 1750-08-11T15:00 | 48.27 | -50.93 | 272 | 6.7 | THE EDDYSTONE | N65:13E | 615 | N65:13W | 43.00 | -21 | WNW, W, WNW | MODERATE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167592 |