Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 11.204462 * Median Longitude: -14.192462 * South-bound Latitude: -34.320000 * West-bound Longitude: -38.250000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.510000 * East-bound Longitude: 17.500000

Event(s):

Marlborough_17500924_BL_L/MAR/B/602H * Latitude Start: -33.670000 * Longitude Start: 17.900000 * Latitude End: 49.450000 * Longitude End: -5.630000 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Marlborough, Start of voyage: 1750-10-05, End of voyage: 1751-01-30, Voyage: Cape Of Good Hope - Uk, 1st Observer: William Parks (Captain), Company: EIC, Other ship information: 498BM. 1745-1752

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	Date/time start	Date/time start
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
7	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
8	Distance to landmark	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance to the first landmark
9	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
10	Course	Course		Course of the ship during the past 24 hours
11	Distance	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours
12	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
13	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
15	Present weather	ww		Weather description
16	Precipitation description	Precip descr
17	State of the sea description	State sea descr
18	Clearness	Clearness
19	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
20	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
21	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
22	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
23	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
24	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
25	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
26	Comment	Comment
27	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

1156 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/time start	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark)	9 - (1 If position is considered t...)	10 Course (Course of the ship during the...)	11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...)	12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	13 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	14 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	15 ww (Weather description)	16 Precip descr	17 State sea descr	18 Clearness	20 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	22 Snow (1 If snow was reported)	23 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...)	24 Hail (1 If hail was reported)	26 Comment	27 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1750-10-05T11:00	-34.32	17.50	139	15.4	LAND	NE	12		NW -NNW	81.00	-19	SSW, SW, WSW, SSW, SSE	MODERATE GALES		RAIN	LARGE SWELL FROM SW	CLOUDY	1	0	0	0		162946
1750-10-06T11:00	-33.22	15.76	141	9.3					NW1/2N	111.00	-17	SSE	PLEASANT GALES				FAIR	0	0	0	0		162947
1750-10-07T11:00	-32.27	15.57	298	19.0					N10W	65.00	-17	SSE, SBE, SSW, WSW, WNW, NW	FIRST MODERATE GALES, LATTER FRESH GALES				FIRST FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		162948
1750-10-08T11:00	-31.18	15.27	208	19.0					NBW	61.00	-17	NBW, NW, WBN, WBS, SWBW, SW	FIRST AND LATTER FRESH GALES, MID HARD GALES AND HEAVY SQUALLS			LARGE CONFUSED SEA		0	0	0	0		162949
1750-10-09T11:00	-29.93	13.82	163						NW	105.00	-17	SWBW, SW, S	SQUALLS		RAIN	LARGE CONFUSED SEA	CLOUDY	1	0	0	0		162950
1750-10-10T11:00	-28.52	12.19	120	9.3					NW	121.00	-15	SSE, SE	PLEASNAT GALES,				FIRST FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		162951
1750-10-11T11:00	-27.33	10.47	164	15.4					N50W	120.00	-16	SSE, S, SWBW, S	MODERATE GALES				CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		162952
1750-10-12T11:00	-26.13	8.82	164	15.4					N49W	103.00	-16	SSW, S	MODERATE GALES			SMOOTH	FIRST FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		162953
1750-10-13T12:00	-24.88	6.92	132	19.0					NW3/4W	130.00	-14	S, SEBS	FRESH GALES				CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		162954
1750-10-14T12:00	-23.45	5.01	132	19.0					NW1/2W	137.00	-14	SEBS	FRESH GALES				CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		162955
1750-10-15T12:00	-22.33	3.52	144	15.4					NW1/2W	106.00	-14	SEBS, SEBE, SSE	MODERATE GALES	THUNDER AND LIGHTNING			FAIR, REMINDER THICK HAZY	0	0	1	0		162956
1750-10-16T12:00	-20.87	2.62	99	15.4					NNW	106.00	-14	SE, SSE, ESE	MODERATE GALES				FAIR, REMINDER THICK HAZY	0	0	0	0		162957
1750-10-17T12:00	-19.75	2.36	168	2.6					NBW1/4W	64.00	-12	ESE, SEBS, S	SMALL BREEZES				HAZY WEATHER	0	0	0	0		162958
1750-10-18T12:00	-17.92	1.84	123	9.3					NBW1/4W	119.00	-12	S, ENE, SE	PEASANT GALES				FAIR	0	0	0	0		162959
1750-10-19T12:00	-16.20	1.14	100	10.0					N21W	124.00	-13	SE, ESE	BRISK TRADE				HAZY	0	0	0	0		162960
1750-10-20T12:00	-16.25	0.11	246	15.4					W	80.00	-13	SE, SSE, WSW, SWBW, WBS	MODERATE GALES				HAZY	0	0	0	0		162961
1750-10-21T12:00	-16.15	-2.18	133	9.3					W1/4N	98.00	-13	SE, SW, SWBW, SEBS	PLEASANT GALES				HAZY AND DARK CLOUDY WEATHER	0	0	0	0		162962
1750-10-22T12:00	-16.10	-3.79	135	12.3					W4N	86.00	-11	SEBE, SWBW, SW, SEBS	FRESH TRADE				CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		162963
1750-10-23T00:00			158	9.3	NEEDLES ST HELENA	W1/2S	3	1				SEBE, SEBW, WBS, SEBE, SSE	FRESH BREEZES				HAZY	0	0	0	0		162964
1750-11-04T12:00	-14.83	-6.90	79	9.3	ST HELENA	SEBS	7		NW	94.00	-11	ESE, SEBS, NEBE, E	PLEASANT GALES	FAIR				0	0	0	0		162965
1750-11-05T13:00	-14.00	-7.57	138	2.6					N44W	56.00	-8	NE, NEBE, SE, E, SEBS	SMALL BREEZES		SOME RAIN		CLOUDY	1	0	0	0		162966
1750-11-06T13:00	-12.77	-8.72	138	9.3					NW1/4W	100.00	-8	SEBE, SEBS	PLEASANT GALES		SMALL RAIN		HEAVY CLOUD	1	0	0	0		162967
1750-11-07T13:00	-11.85	-9.90	115	9.3					NW1/4N	103.00	-9	SEBE	PLEASANT TRADE	FAIR				0	0	0	0		162968
1750-11-08T13:00	-10.60	-11.08	126	9.3					NW1/4N	105.00	-9	SEBE, SE	PLEASANT TRADE	FAIR		SMOOTH WATER		0	0	0	0		162969
1750-11-09T13:00	-9.33	-12.25	137	9.3					NW1/4N	95.00	-9	SE, SEBS	PLEASANT GALES		RAIN		HAZY CLOUDY	1	0	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	162970
1750-11-10T13:00	-8.40	-13.53	139	9.3	ASCENSION	NBE - NNE	8		NW3/4N	98.00	-7	SEBS	MODERATE TRADE		SOME RAIN		HAZY CLOUDY	1	0	0	0		162971
1750-11-11T13:00	-7.37	-15.57	127	15.4	ASCENSION	NEBE	10		NW3/4W	98.00	-8	SE	MODERATE GALES				HAZY	0	0	0	0		162972
1750-11-12T13:00	-6.55	-16.52	138	15.4					NW1/4N	85.00	-8	SEBE, SEBS	MODERATE GALES	UNCERTAIN				0	0	0	0		162973
1750-11-13T13:00	-5.38	-17.49	127	15.4					NW1/2N	91.00	-8	SEBS, SE	MODERATE GALES				FAIR	0	0	0	0		162974
1750-11-14T13:00	-4.33	-18.60	141	9.3					NW1/2N	106.00	-5	SEBS	PLEASANT GALES				FAIR	0	0	0	0		162975
1750-11-15T13:00	-3.05	-19.69	130	15.4					NW1/2N	102.00	-5	SE	MODERATE GALES				FAIR	0	0	0	0		162976
1750-11-16T13:00	-1.48	-20.50	140	15.4					NNW1/2W	104.00	-6	SEBS	MODERATE GALES		RAIN		FAIR	1	0	0	0		162977
1750-11-17T13:00	-0.30	-21.12	140	15.4					NNW1/2W	79.00	-6	SEBE, SEBS	MODERATE GALES				HAZY	0	0	0	0		162978
1750-11-23T14:00	6.75	-24.55	41	6.7					NWBN	69.00	-4	NE, NEBN, NE, NEBN, NE	MODERATE BREEZES	UNSETTLED				0	0	0	0		162979
1750-11-24T14:00	8.03	-25.17	40						NNW3/4W	72.00	-5	NE, NEBE, NE		LIGHTNING			CLEAR	0	0	1	0		162980
1750-12-12T14:00	24.77	-36.17	108	19.0					N1/4W	108.00	-5	E, ESE	FRESH GALES		SOME RAIN		CLOUDY	1	0	0	0		162981
1750-12-13T14:00	26.80	-36.09	175	19.0					N1/2E	120.00	-5	ESE, SSE, S	FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY		SOME RAIN			1	0	0	0		162982
1750-12-14T14:00	28.27	-35.70	16						N13E	31.00	-7	S, SBW, NBW, NNE	UNSETTLED AND SQUALLY		RAIN			1	0	0	0		162983
1750-12-15T14:00	27.68	-35.40	331						S46E	97.00	-7	NBE, N, NBW, NNW	UNSETTLED		SMALL RAIN	CONFUSED SEA		1	0	0	0		162984
1750-12-16T14:00	27.92	-36.44	27	19.0					WBN3/4N	39.00	-7	NBE, NNE, NEBN, NE, NEBN	FRESH GALES				CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		162985
1750-12-17T14:00	28.60	-37.34	27	2.6					N49W	64.00	-7	NEBN, NE, NNE, NEBN	SMALL BREEZES				DARK CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		162986
1750-12-18T15:00	28.87	-38.10	344	1.0					WNW	44.00	-5	NEBN, NE, NNE, N, NNE, NBW	LIGHT AIRS AND CALM				CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		162987
1750-12-19T15:00	28.78	-38.25	355	2.6					N89W	22.00	-5	NNW, N, NBW, NNW, NNE, N	SMALL BREEZES AND VARIABLE			LARGE SWELL FROM THE NBE	DARK CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		162988
1751-01-08T14:00	39.10	-36.19	348	2.6					S2E	3.00	-12	WBS, W, NBW, N	HARD GALES AND HEAVY SQUALLS, LATTER SMALL BREEZES		RAIN			1	0	0	0		162989
1751-01-09T14:00	39.40	-35.89	11						NE3/4E	30.00	-12	NWBW, WBN, SW, NNW, NNE	VERY UNSETTLED, SOME SQUALLS, EXCESSIVELY HEAVY			LARGE CONFUSED SEA		0	0	0	0		162990
1751-01-10T14:00	40.02	-35.09	213						NE	78.00	-12	SBW, SW, NWBW, WNW, SW	STILL UNSETTLED			CONFUSED SEA		0	0	0	0		162991
1751-01-11T14:00	40.43	-33.75	11	26.8					ENE	53.00	-12	N, NNW, NEBN, NE, NNE	HARD GALES WITH HEAVY SQUALLS		HAIL AND RAIN	LARGE SEA		1	0	0	1		162992
1751-01-12T14:00	41.43	-32.74	337	23.5					ENE	8.00	-12	NEBN, NE, NNE, NBE, NBW	PRODIGIOUS HARD GALES AND SQUALLS		LARGE HAIL STONES			0	0	0	1		162993
1751-01-13T14:00	41.45	-30.60	359	6.7					E	82.00	-12	NNW, N, NBE	MODERATE SOMETIMES SQUALLY			SEA MUCH CONFUSED		0	0	0	0		162994
1751-01-14T14:00	41.90	-30.19	281						ENE1/2N	55.00	-12	NNW, NWBN, NNW, NW, WNW				LARGE NE SEA	DARK THICK WEATHER	0	0	0	0		162995
1751-01-15T14:00	43.67	-28.46	278						N49E	141.00	-15	SW, SWBW, W, WNW	SQUALLS		RAIN	SEAS HIGHAND MUCH CONFUSED		1	0	0	0		162996
1751-01-16T14:00	44.35	-26.55	300	6.7					ENE	106.00	-15	WBN, NNW, NBW, NW	FIRST VERY HARD GALES WITH HEAVY SQUALLS, MID AND LATTER MORE MODERATE		SLEET	PRODIGIOUS GREAT SEA	CLOUDY	1	1	0	0		162997
1751-01-17T14:00	44.33	-25.84	255						E	46.00	-15	NBW, NNW, W				LARGE NW SWELL	CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		162998
1751-01-18T14:00	44.17	-25.52	19	1.0					EBS3/4S	31.00	-15	NBW, NEBN, NE, NEBE, NEBN	LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS			LARGE NW SWELL	CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		162999
1751-01-19T14:00	44.60	-24.08	334	19.0					EBN1/2N	79.00	-15	NBE, NNE, N, NNW, NBW	FRESH GALES	UNSETTLED	RAIN	LARGE CONFUSED SEA		1	0	0	0		163000
1751-01-20T14:00	45.13	-22.90	244						N64E	72.00	-15	N, NNW, NW, WBS	SQUALLY		HAIL AND RAIN			1	0	0	1		163001
1751-01-21T13:00	46.52	-21.48	220	9.3					NE1/4E	110.00	-16	SWBW	PLEASANT GALES	CLOSE			CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		163002
1751-01-22T13:00	47.83	-19.22	230	9.3					NE3/4E	133.00	-18	WSW	PLEASANT GALES			LARGE W SWELL	HAZY	0	0	0	0		163003
1751-01-23T13:00	49.33	-16.61	297	19.0					NE3/4E	145.00	-18	WSW, W, WNW, NW	FRESH GALES		SMALL RAIN	LARGE SW SEA		1	0	0	0		163004
1751-01-24T13:00	49.15	-13.66	275	19.0					E5S	131.00	-18	WNW	FRESH GALES		SMALL RAIN	LARGE SWELL FROM THE SW		1	0	0	0		163005
1751-01-25T13:00	49.18	-11.08	275	19.0					E2N	116.00	-18	WNW	FRESH GALES		SMALL RAIN	SMOOTH WATER		1	0	0	0		163006
1751-01-26T13:00	49.33	-8.90	297						E1/2N	100.00	-18	NW, NW, N, WNW, NW	SQUALLY		RAIN	SMOOTH WATER		1	0	0	0		163007
1751-01-27T12:00	49.13	-7.43	129	2.6					E2S	73.00	-17	NW, NNE, NE, NNE, SEBS	FIRST FRESH GALES, MID AND LATTER SMALL BREEZES AND CALM					0	0	0	0		163008
1751-01-28T12:00	49.47	-7.35	197	19.0					N39E	72.00	-17	S, SBE, SBW, SWBS	FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY				CLOUDY	0	0	0	0		163009
1751-01-29T12:00	49.43	-7.00	231						EBS1/4S	54.00	-17	SBW, SWBS, SW, SWBW, WSW	VERY UNSETTLED	VERY UNSETTLED	RAIN	CONFUSED SEA		1	0	0	0		163010
1751-01-30T12:00	49.51	-6.28	231	12.3	SCILLY ISLAND	NBE - NBW	5			93.00	-17	WSW, WNW, SWBW, WSW	BRISK GALES		SOME RAIN		CLOUDY	1	0	0	0		163011