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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MARLBOROUGH cruise from Batavia to Cape of Good Hope started at 1750-05-13 [dataset]. British Library, London, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.746998, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -30.233919 * Median Longitude: 33.680000 * South-bound Latitude: -35.920000 * West-bound Longitude: 23.580000 * North-bound Latitude: -23.500000 * East-bound Longitude: 42.860000
Event(s):
Marlborough_17500513_BL_L/MAR/B/602H * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: -33.670000 * Longitude End: 17.900000 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Marlborough, Start of voyage: 1750-05-24, End of voyage: 1750-08-05, Voyage: Batavia - Cape Of Good Hope, 1st Observer: William Parks (Captain), Company: EIC, Other ship information: 498BM. 1745-1752
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
Date/time startDate/time start
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
10 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
11 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
13 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
14 Present weatherwwWeather description
15 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
16 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
17 ClearnessClearness
18 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
19 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
20 FogFog1 If fog was reported
21 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
22 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
23 HailHail1 If hail was reported
24 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
25 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1307 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/time start

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)

Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
11 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
12 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
13 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
14 
ww
(Weather description)
15 
Precip descr
16 
State sea descr
17 
Clearness
18 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
19 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
20 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
21 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
22 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
23 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
24 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
25 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1750-05-24T09:00-31.6239.1115519.0W40S68.00-25NWBN, NWBW, NBW, SFRESH GALESLARGE WESTERLY SWELLFAIR0000000162845
1750-05-25T09:00-31.9738.31313W26S48.00-25NBW, NNW, NWBW, NW, NNWVARIABLE AND UNSETTLEDFAIR0000000162846
1750-05-26T10:00-32.5035.517719.0WBS145.00-24SEBE, EBSFRESH GALESLARGE CONFUSED SEAHAZY0000000162847
1750-05-27T10:00-32.9334.183252.6W21S72.00-24EBN, NBE, NBWFIRST FRESH GALES, MIDDLE UNSETTLED, LATTER SMALL BREEZES AND VARIABLETHUNDER AND LIGHTNINGRAINLARGE SE SWELLHAZY0100100162848
1750-05-28T10:00-33.5333.3633619.0SW70.00-24NW, WNW, NWBN, NW, NBW, NFIRST AND MID SMALL BREEZES, VARIABLE LATTER FRESH GALES0000000162849
1750-05-29T10:00-34.1831.0336019.0WBS118.00-23NBW, N, NBE, NNEFRESH GALESCONFUSED SEAFIRST PART FAIR, LATTER THICK0000000162850
1750-05-30T10:00-34.7030.41236W36S44.00-23NNW, NWBW, WBN, W, WBSUNSETTLEDUNSETTLEDGREAT SEA W SWELL0000000162851
1750-05-31T10:00-34.5230.412250.0N13.00-23NWBN, NW, WBS, W, WSWCALMS AND LIGHT AIRSW SWELL VERY LARGE0000000162852
1750-06-01T10:00-34.8029.563601.0W42.00-23E, NEBN, NNELIGHT AIRS AND CALMSW SWELL GREATLY ABAITED0000000162853
1750-06-02T10:00-34.8727.1435019.0W119.00-21NE, N, NBEFRESH GALESCONFUSED SEAFIRST FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY0000000162854
1750-06-03T10:00-35.5825.1415919.0W21S114.00-21NNE, N, NBW, NWBN, SFRESH GALES AND UNSETTLEDUNSETTLED0000000162855
1750-06-04T10:00-35.2325.6128319.0NE3/4E10.00-21SSW, S1/2E, NNW, N, NWBWFRESH GALESRAINGREAT SEAHAZY0100000162856
1750-06-05T10:00-34.8226.2322719.0EBN14.00-21WNW, NWBW, SWBS, S, WSWFRESH GALES WITH SQUALLSRAINVERY GREAT SEA FROM THE NW0100000162857
1750-06-06T10:00-34.0226.2431719.0N19E2.00-21NW, NWBW, NWBN, NNW, NEBN, NNWFRESH GALES AND SQUALLSLARGE SEA WITH GREAT RIPPLING0000000162858
1750-06-07T10:00-34.2726.3630519.0S20E48.00-21WNW, WBN, NWBW, NW, NWBNFRESH GALESLARGE SEAHAZY0000000162859
1750-06-08T10:00-33.9227.0329419.0S43E18.00-21WNW, SSW, SBE, SSW, SW, NWFRESH GALESHAZY0000000162860
1750-06-09T10:00-34.2027.2231719.0SSE1/2E40.00-21WNW, WBN, W, WNW, NNWFRESH GALESW SWELL SOMEWHAT ABAITEDHAZY0000000162861
1750-06-10T10:00-34.3026.30471.0W1/2S53.00-21NNW, N, NE, ENELIGHT AIRS INCREASING GALESSMOOTH WATER0000000162862
1750-06-11T10:00-35.5823.692419.0WBS146.00-21NE, ENE, NEFRESH GALESSMOOTH WATERHAZY0000000162863
1750-06-12T10:00-35.6823.58215W2S36.00-21NE, NW, WBS, NE, SWBWFIRST FINE GALES, REMAINDER UNSETTLEDHAZY0000000162864
1750-06-13T10:00-35.4824.4918219.0E9S20.00-21NWBW, NW, NWBW, SW, SSWFRESH GALES WITH SQUALLSRAIN0100000162865
1750-06-14T10:00-34.7225.35114N46E4.00-21NNW, SW, SBE, SEFREQUENT HARD SQUALLSMID AND LATTER VERY COLDRAIN, MID AND LATTER SLEETVERY LARGE SEA0100000162866
1750-06-15T10:00-34.3726.03204LANDNBE - NBW8NE3/4N7.00-21SEBE, SE, ESE, SSW, SWVERY HARD WITH HEAVY SQUALLSVERY COLDRAINGREAT SEACLOUDY0100000162867
1750-06-16T10:00-34.2826.72238LANDNBW11N23E22.00-21WSW, SWBW, SSE, SE, WBSUNSETTLED WITH SQUALLSUNSETTLEDRAIN0100000162868
1750-06-17T10:00-34.8326.0033916.3LANDN1/2E-NBW1/2N8S58W58.00-21NW, ENE, NE, NFIRST LIGHT AIRS AND CALM, EVENING INCREASING GALESFAIR0000000162869
1750-06-18T10:00-35.2226.9917027.4S71E46.00-21SBW, S, SBW, SSW, SBWEXCESSIVE HARD GALES, HARD GUSTS AND VIOLENTRAINVERY LARGE SEAMOST DISMAL SKY0100000162870
1750-06-19T10:00-35.1228.05146S83E46.00-23SSW, SWBS, SBW, SBEVILENT HARD GUSTS, EXTREME WEATHERGREAT CONFUSED SEAMOST DISMAL WEATHER0000000162871
1750-06-20T10:00-35.4229.041806.7S7E47.00-23SBE, SBW, S, SSWCONTINUAL HARD GALES, LATTER MORE MODERATETHREATNING SKYRAINGREAT SEA0100000162872
1750-06-21T10:00-35.9230.00247E14S9.00-23SWBS, SW, SBW, SSW, WVERY HARD GALES, EXCESSIVE HARD SQUALLSRAINCONFUSED HIGH SEA0100000162873
1750-06-22T10:00-34.8532.6826927.4N81E135.00-24W, WNWVERY HARD GALES AND SQUALLSFREQUENT SHOWERS OF RAINLARGE SEA RUNNING DIFFERENT WAYS1100000162874
1750-06-23T10:00-34.2834.15224ENE106.00-24W, WBS, WSWFIRST PART SQUALLSREMAINDER FAIRRAINSMOOTH WATER0100000162875
1750-06-24T10:00-33.2235.092122.6ENE80.00-24SWBW, WBS, WSW, SWBWLIGHT BREEZESSMOOTH WATERFAIR0000000162876
1750-06-25T10:00-32.3334.72772.6N17E44.00-24SW, SBE, SSE, ESE, E, EBSLIGHT BREEZES AND VARIABLESMOOTH WATERFAIR0000000162877
1750-06-26T10:00-31.8033.252119.0N55W62.00-24ENE, NEBE, NEFRESH GALESCLOUDY0000000162878
1750-06-27T10:00-32.3032.8534726.8S27E33.00-24NE, NEBE, NEBN, NNE, NBEHARD GALES AND SQUALLYGREAT SEAHAZY0000000162879
1750-06-28T10:00-31.7232.342472.6N4E31.00-23NWBW, W, SW, SSW, NW, WFIRST AND LATTER SMALL BREEZERAINGREAT HEAD SWELLFIRST AND LATTER FAIR, NIGHT DISMAL DARK WEATHER0100000162880
1750-06-29T10:00-31.1031.81331.0N27.00-23SSW, SBE, EBS, EBN, NEBELIGHT AIRS AND CALMSSMOOTH WATERCLOUDY0000000162881
1750-06-30T10:00-31.1331.351121.0NEBE3/4E6.00-23CALM, NBE, EBN, SEBE, SELIGHT AIRS AND CALMSSMOOTH WATERFAIR0000000162882
1750-07-01T10:00-30.5830.7531515.4N4W47.00-23SSE, NWBN, NEBN, NW, NNWFIRST LIGHT AIRS, LATTER MODERATE GALESLIGHTNINGFIRST FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY0000100162883
1750-07-02T10:00-30.7230.8822512.3LANDN - NNW10S35E59.00-23ENE, EBN, NEBE, NNE, WSWFIRST AND MIDDLE LIGHT WINDS, LATTER BRISK GALESFIRST AND MIDDLE CLOUDY, LATTER HAZY0000000162884
1750-07-03T10:00-31.3331.822219.0E1S54.00-23WSW, SSW, NNE, NEBN, NEFRESH GALESHAZY0000000162885
1750-07-04T10:00-31.1532.451806.7N72E43.00-23NE, NEBE, ENE, NWBW, SW, SSWFIRST AND MIDDLE FRESH GALES, LATTER MORE MODERATE, WITH FREQUENT SQUALLS, INC A SUDDEN VIOLEN SQUALLLARGE SEA FROM THE NE0000000162886
1750-07-05T10:00-30.9032.80156N43E34.00-24SEBE, SEBE, EBN, ENE, SLIGHTNINGFIRST AND LATTER HAZY, NIGHT CLOUDY0000100162887
1750-07-06T10:00-30.5033.78179N76E56.00-24NWBW, W, S, SW, WBN, SSWUNSETTLED WIND ATTENDED WITH FREQUENT SQUALLSWATER SPOUT. THUNDER AND LIGHTNINGHAIL AND HEAVY SHOWERS OF RAIN1100110162888
1750-07-07T10:00-30.3734.6731419.0EBN47.00-24N, NNE, N, NBW, NNWFIRST PART LIGHT AIRS, REMAINDER FRESH GALESCONFUSED SEACLOUDY0000000162889
1750-07-08T10:00-30.0535.033361.0NE1/4E34.00-24NWBN, NNW, NNE, NBE, NLIGHT AIRSHAZY0000000162890
1750-07-09T10:00-29.0534.981796.7N1/4W60.00-24WNW, SW, SSWPLEASANT BREEZESS SWELLFAIR0000000162891
1750-07-10T10:00-27.6734.98892.6N63.00-24SSW, S, SE, ESELIGHT BREEZESFAIR0000000162892
1750-07-11T10:00-26.8834.85446.7N3/4W50.00-24ESE, EBS, E, EBN, ENEMODERATEFAIR0000000162893
1750-07-12T10:00-26.6534.723592.6N22W31.00-24ENE, NEBE, EBN, N, NNESMALL BREEZES AND VARIABLERIPLINGS DUE TO CURRENTPLEASANT WEATHER0000000162894
1750-07-13T10:00-26.7534.9835912.3N76E12.00-24NNE, NEBE, ENE, NE, NNEFIRST SMALL BREEZES, REMAINDER BRISK GALESGROWING SEA0000000162895
1750-07-14T10:00-26.1535.3820119.0N32E67.00-24N, NNE, NE, SWBW, SWFIRST AND MIDDLE VARIABLE LATTER FRESH GALESLIGHTNINGLARGE FOLLOWING SEA0000100162896
1750-07-15T10:00-25.3536.7715619.0N44E109.00-24SW, SSW, ESE, EBS, SFRESH GALESHAILCONFUSED SEA0000010162897
1750-07-16T10:00-24.7237.4811119.0NE55.00-24S, SBE, S, ENE, SEFRESH GALES WITH SQUALLSFAIR0000000162898
1750-07-17T09:00-24.2237.85134NEBE37.00-24SEBS, SE, SEBE, SSEUNSETTLEDUNSETTLEDSMOOTH WATER0000000162899
1750-07-18T09:00-24.1237.821452.6NW32.00-24SEBS, SSE, SEBS, SE, S, SBELITTLE WINDSCLOUDY0000000162900
1750-07-19T09:00-23.7738.151562.6N52E37.00-24S, SSE, SE, SEBS, SBE, SLITTLE WINDSSOME RAINDARK CLOUDY0100000162901
1750-07-20T09:00-23.8538.00122SWBW22.00-24S, SSW, SSE, SEBE, SEBSVERY UNSETTLEDCONFUSED SEA0000000162902
1750-07-21T09:00-24.9538.8521219.0EBS3/4S48.00-24SW, SBW, SSW, SW, SWBWFRESH GALES AND VERY HARD SQUALLSCLOUDY AND FAIR0000000162903
1750-07-22T09:00-24.0340.20201N75E66.00-24WSW, SWFIRST PART FRESH GALES, THEN SQUALLYHAZY0000000162904
1750-07-23T09:00-24.2541.2516719.0S77E60.00-24SWBW, SW, SSW, SWBS, SBWFRESH GALES WITH SQUALLSHARD RAIN0100000162905
1750-07-24T09:00-24.3541.6214519.0E1/2S59.00-24S, SBW, S, SBEFRESH GALESFAIR0000000162906
1750-07-25T09:00-23.8742.1512219.0N66E72.00-24SBE, S, SBE, SSE, SEBSFRESH GALESSMOOTH WATERHAZY0000000162907
1750-07-26T09:00-23.8342.0012219.0WBN1/2N58.00-24SBE, S, SSE, SE, SEBSFRESH GALESSHORT CHOPPING SEAHAZY0000000162908
1750-07-27T09:00-23.6341.551341.0W36.00-24SSE, SBE, S, SBW, SSEFIRST MODERATE GALES, LATTER LIGHT AIRSSHORT HEAD SEAFAIR0000000162909
1750-07-28T09:00-23.5041.731111.0SE1/2S19.00-24NEBN, N, NW, WNW, SELIGHT AIRS AND CALMFAIR0000000162910
1750-07-29T09:00-23.8341.85111SBE1/4E46.00-24SBW, S, SBE, SSE, SEVARIABLELIGHTNINGHAZY0000100162911
1750-07-30T09:00-24.0041.77211.0SBW3/4W27.00-24SE, S, SSE, SEBE, NELIGHT AIRS AND CALMLIGHTNINGFAIR0000100162912
1750-07-31T09:00-24.5842.28441.0SE40.00-24NBE, NNW, NNE, ENELIGHT AIRS AND CALMFAIR0000000162913
1750-08-01T09:00-24.8042.62111.0S67E29.00-23NE, NWBW, S, N, NEBNLIGHT AIRS AND CALMFAIR0000000162914
1750-08-02T09:00-25.0442.86902.6LANDNE1/2E - ESE7-23NBE, NNW, NBE, NWBW, WBN, ESELIGHT WINDS AND CALMFAIR0000000162915
1750-08-03T09:00-25.2842.451349.3LANDEBN9-24WSW, SBW, S, SSEFIRST AND LATTER PLEASANT GALES, MIDDLE LIGHT AIRSFAIR0000000162916
1750-08-04T09:00-25.5242.04224LANDSBE - NE4-24SW, S, SSE, ESE, E, WSWFAIR0000000162917
1750-08-05T09:00-25.7641.631119.3LANDSEBS - ENE5-24WNW, WBS, SWBS, SW, SEFRESH BREEZESHARD RAINFAIR0100000162918