García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during LAPWING cruise from Fort St David to Uk started at 1750-11-01 [dataset]. British Library, London, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.746969, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -13.531111 * Median Longitude: 4.396296 * South-bound Latitude: -34.530000 * West-bound Longitude: -32.250000 * North-bound Latitude: 18.400000 * East-bound Longitude: 69.310000
Event(s):
Lapwing_17501101_BL_L/MAR/B/475C * Latitude Start: 11.080000 * Longitude Start: 80.160000 * Latitude End: 49.450000 * Longitude End: -5.630000 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Lapwing, Start of voyage: 1750-11-12, End of voyage: 1751-02-23, Voyage: Fort St David - Uk, 1st Observer: Francis Cheyne (Captain), 2nd Observer: George Stewart (1st Officer/Master), Company: EIC, Other ship information: 14G 260BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Date/time start | Date/time start | ||||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 14 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 15 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 16 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 17 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 18 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 19 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 20 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 21 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 22 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 23 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 24 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 25 | Comment | Comment | ||||
| 26 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
946 data points
Data
| 1 Date/time start | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 14 ww (Weather description) | 15 Precip descr | 16 State sea descr | 17 Clearness | 18 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 19 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 20 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 21 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 22 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 23 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 24 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 25 Comment | 26 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1750-11-12T07:00 | -17.62 | 69.31 | 127 | 12.3 | S49W | 180.00 | -8 | SE, SEBE, SE | FRESH TRADE GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144755 | |||||||
| 1750-11-13T08:00 | -19.65 | 67.36 | 102 | 12.3 | S44W | 160.00 | -11 | SEBE, ESE, SEBE, SE, ESE | FRESH TRADE GALES, MID INTERMIXED WITH SQUALLS | SMALL RAIN | FIRST AND MID CLOUDY, LATTER PLEASANT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144756 | ||||||
| 1750-11-14T08:00 | -21.57 | 65.71 | 79 | 9.3 | S43W | 138.00 | -11 | EBS, E, ESE, E | MODERATE TRADE | SMOOTH WATER | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 144757 | |||||
| 1750-11-15T08:00 | -23.20 | 63.76 | 65 | 9.3 | S48W | 145.00 | -14 | ENE, E, ESE, EBS, EBN | PLEASANT TRADE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144758 | |||||||
| 1750-11-16T08:00 | -24.12 | 61.76 | 40 | 6.7 | WSW1/4W | 118.00 | -16 | EBN, ENE, NEBE | MODERATE BREEZES | SMOOTH WATER | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144759 | ||||||
| 1750-11-17T08:00 | -24.88 | 59.70 | 355 | 6.7 | WSW | 121.00 | -16 | NEBE, NNE, N, NBE | MODERATE BREEZES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144760 | |||||||
| 1750-12-05T09:00 | -32.60 | 39.63 | 20 | 6.7 | W24S | 94.00 | -25 | EBN, NE | MODERATE BREEZES | SMOOTH WATER | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144761 | ||||||
| 1750-12-06T09:00 | -33.47 | 38.47 | 31 | 19.0 | S65W | 120.00 | -25 | NE, NEBE, ENE, NNE, NEBE | FIRST MODERATE BREEZES, LATTER FRESH GALES | INTERMIXED WITH DRIZZLING RAIN | FIRST PLEASANT, MID CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144762 | ||||||
| 1750-12-07T10:00 | -33.80 | 36.55 | 302 | 19.0 | S72W | 66.00 | -24 | ENE, NE, NNW, N, NWBN | FIRST MODERATE BREEZES, MIDDLE LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER FRESH GALES INTERMIXED WITH HARD SQUALLS | DRIZZLING RAIN THEN RAIN | FIRST PLEASANT, MIDDLE CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144763 | ||||||
| 1750-12-08T10:00 | -33.98 | 35.42 | 201 | 19.0 | S89W | 89.00 | -24 | NNW, WNW, SSW, EBS, SW | FRESH GALES | DRIZZLING RAIN | FIRST AND MID CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144764 | ||||||
| 1750-12-09T10:00 | -33.48 | 33.72 | 201 | 15.4 | N68W | 92.00 | -24 | SWBW, SW | MODERATE GALES | LARGE SW SWELL | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144765 | ||||||
| 1750-12-10T10:00 | -33.78 | 31.63 | 90 | 9.3 | S81W | 106.00 | -23 | SSW, SBW, S, SE, ESE | PLEASANT GALES | SW SWELL | FIRST AND MID CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144766 | ||||||
| 1750-12-11T10:00 | -34.53 | 28.93 | 315 | 6.7 | S76W | 140.00 | -23 | ENE, NEBE, NNE, N, NNW | FIRST FRESH GALES, MIDDLE HARD SQUALLS, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST FAIR, MID CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144767 | |||||||
| 1750-12-31T11:00 | -34.53 | 17.10 | 186 | 6.7 | N52W | 59.00 | -17 | NW, W, SWBW, SW, SSW | FIRST FRESH GALES INTERMIXED WITH SQUALLS, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST CLOUDY, LATTER PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144768 | |||||||
| 1751-01-01T11:00 | -32.57 | 15.18 | 186 | 22.6 | NW | 197.00 | -17 | SBE, SSW | STRONG GALES | LARGE S SWELL | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144769 | ||||||
| 1751-01-02T11:00 | -30.60 | 13.24 | 185 | 19.0 | N40W | 185.00 | -18 | SBW, SBE, SSW | FRESH GALES | SMOOTH WATER | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144770 | ||||||
| 1751-01-03T11:00 | -29.33 | 11.90 | 210 | 15.4 | NW1/2N | 110.00 | -15 | SSW, S-SW | MODERATE GALES | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144771 | |||||||
| 1751-01-04T11:00 | -27.58 | 10.44 | 143 | 9.3 | N38W | 134.00 | -15 | SBW, SBE, SSE, SWBS, SSE | PLEASANT GALES | DRIZZLING RAIN | FIRST FAIR, MD AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144772 | ||||||
| 1751-01-05T11:00 | -26.10 | 8.90 | 142 | 9.3 | N38W | 127.00 | -16 | SSE, S, SSE | PLEASANT TRADE GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144773 | |||||||
| 1751-01-06T11:00 | -24.55 | 7.52 | 142 | 9.3 | N37W | 125.00 | -16 | S, SBW, SSE | PLEASANT TRADE GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144774 | |||||||
| 1751-01-07T12:00 | -22.63 | 5.99 | 132 | 9.3 | NW3/4N | 144.00 | -14 | SSE, SEBS | MODERATE TRADE GALES | LARGE FOLLOWING SEA | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144775 | ||||||
| 1751-01-08T12:00 | -21.58 | 4.70 | 121 | 9.3 | NW3/4N | 120.00 | -15 | SEBS, SSE, SE | PLEASANT TRADE GALES | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144776 | ||||||
| 1751-01-09T12:00 | -20.50 | 3.94 | 132 | 4.6 | NW3/4W | 81.00 | -15 | SEBS, SBE, SSE, SEBS | FAINT TRADE | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144777 | |||||||
| 1751-01-10T12:00 | -19.38 | 2.90 | 144 | 4.6 | NW3/4W | 90.00 | -15 | SEBS, SBE, SSE | FAINT TRADE | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144778 | |||||||
| 1751-01-11T12:00 | -18.13 | 1.90 | 134 | 4.6 | N36W | 97.00 | -12 | SSE, SEBS | FAINT TRADE | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144779 | |||||||
| 1751-01-12T12:00 | -17.30 | 1.27 | 133 | 4.6 | N36W | 68.00 | -13 | SEBS, SSE, SEBS | FAINT TRADE | SMOOTH WATER | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144780 | ||||||
| 1751-01-13T12:00 | -15.62 | -0.10 | 122 | 9.3 | N43W | 116.00 | -13 | SEBS, SSE, SE | PLEASANT TRADE | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144781 | ||||||
| 1751-01-14T12:00 | -16.08 | -2.05 | 100 | 9.3 | W1/4S | 113.00 | -13 | SE, SEBE, SSE, ESE | PLEASANT TRADE | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144782 | |||||||
| 1751-01-29T12:00 | -15.66 | -6.10 | 113 | 6.7 | ST HELENA | SEBS | 16 | -11 | SE, ESE, SEBE | MODERATE BREEZES | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144783 | ||||||
| 1751-01-30T12:00 | -14.62 | -6.90 | 113 | 4.6 | N41W | 110.00 | -11 | SEBE | FAINT TRADE GALES | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144784 | |||||||
| 1751-01-31T13:00 | -13.62 | -7.73 | 137 | 9.3 | N39W | 75.00 | -9 | SE, SEBE, SEBS | MODERATE TRADE | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144785 | |||||||
| 1751-02-01T13:00 | -12.20 | -8.98 | 115 | 9.3 | N38W | 120.00 | -9 | SEBE | PLEASANT TRADE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144786 | |||||||
| 1751-02-02T13:00 | -10.93 | -10.10 | 137 | 9.3 | N38W | 117.00 | -9 | SEBS | PLEASANT TRADE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144787 | |||||||
| 1751-02-03T13:00 | -9.73 | -11.22 | 137 | 9.3 | N38W | 98.00 | -9 | SEBE, SEBS | MODERATE TRADE GALES | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144788 | |||||||
| 1751-02-04T13:00 | -8.73 | -12.13 | 137 | 9.3 | NW1/4W | 81.00 | -9 | SEBS | MODERATE TRADES | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144789 | |||||||
| 1751-02-05T13:00 | -7.43 | -13.81 | 116 | 9.3 | ASCENSION | NWBN | 13 | NWBN | 90.00 | -8 | SEBS, SEBE | PLEASANT TRADE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144790 | ||||
| 1751-02-06T13:00 | -6.13 | -15.45 | 150 | 9.3 | N36W | 128.00 | -8 | SSE | MODERATE TRADE GALES | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144791 | |||||||
| 1751-02-07T13:00 | -4.65 | -16.50 | 127 | 9.3 | N36W | 106.00 | -8 | SEBS, SSW, S1/4E, SE | FIRST AND LATTER PLEASANT TRADE GALES, MID LIGHT WINDS AND VARIABLE | RAIN | FIRST AND LATTER FAIR, MID CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144792 | ||||||
| 1751-02-08T13:00 | -3.45 | -17.45 | 116 | 9.3 | N35W | 99.00 | -8 | SEBE | MODERATE TRADE GALES | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144793 | |||||||
| 1751-02-09T13:00 | -2.95 | -18.50 | 141 | 9.3 | N35W | 114.00 | -5 | SEBS | MODERATE TRADES | SHOWERS OF RAIN | FAIR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144794 | ||||||
| 1751-02-10T13:00 | -0.98 | -19.35 | 129 | 9.3 | N34W | 92.00 | -6 | SEBS, SE | MODERATE TRADE GALES | SMALL RAIN | PLEASANT, INTERMIXED WITH CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144795 | ||||||
| 1751-02-11T13:00 | 0.20 | -20.37 | 118 | 9.3 | N34W | 109.00 | -6 | SE, SEBE | PLEASANT TRADE GALES | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144796 | |||||||
| 1751-02-12T13:00 | 1.38 | -21.15 | 140 | 9.3 | N34W | 85.00 | -6 | SEBE, SE, E, SEBS | MODERATE TRADE GALES | CHIEFLY FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144797 | |||||||
| 1751-02-13T13:00 | 2.95 | -21.80 | 151 | 6.7 | N33W | 71.00 | -7 | SE, SSE, SSE | LIGHT TRADES | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144798 | |||||||
| 1751-02-14T13:00 | 4.10 | -22.17 | 151 | 6.7 | N23W | 56.00 | -7 | SBE, S, N, SSE | LIGHT TRADES | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144799 | |||||||
| 1751-02-15T14:00 | 4.87 | -22.57 | 52 | 6.7 | N30W | 45.00 | -4 | SSE, NEBE | FIRST AND MID LIGHT AIRS, LATTER MODERATE BREEZES | FIRST AND MIDDLE BAFFLING, LATTER PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144800 | |||||||
| 1751-02-16T14:00 | 5.77 | -23.67 | 30 | 9.3 | NW | 93.00 | -4 | NE, NEBN | MODERATE TRADE GALES | FIRST AND MID CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144801 | |||||||
| 1751-02-17T14:00 | 6.63 | -25.00 | 19 | 12.3 | N51W | 104.00 | -4 | NEBN, NE, NNE | FRESH TRADE GALES | FIRST AND LATTER FAIR, MID CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144802 | |||||||
| 1751-02-18T14:00 | 8.08 | -26.34 | 40 | 9.3 | N44W | 119.00 | -5 | NEBN, NE | MODERATE TRADE GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144803 | |||||||
| 1751-02-19T14:00 | 9.77 | -27.72 | 357 | 12.3 | N38W | 130.00 | -3 | NE, N, NE, ENE, N | FRESH TRADE GALES | FIRST FAIR, MID AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144804 | |||||||
| 1751-02-20T14:00 | 11.65 | -28.90 | 53 | 12.3 | N30W | 141.00 | -3 | ENE, NEBE, NE, NEBE | FRESH TRADE GALES | DRIZZLING RAIN | LARGE NE SWELL | MAJOR PART FAIR, NIGHT CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144805 | |||||
| 1751-02-21T14:00 | 13.68 | -30.12 | 52 | 12.3 | N29W | 148.00 | -4 | NEBE | FRESH TRADE | MAJOR PART FAIR, NIGHT CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144806 | |||||||
| 1751-02-22T14:00 | 16.08 | -31.10 | 41 | 12.3 | N21W | 159.00 | -4 | NEBE, NE | FRESH TRADE GALES | DRIZZLING RAIN | LARGE E SWELL | FIRST FAIR, MID AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144807 | |||||
| 1751-02-23T14:00 | 18.40 | -32.25 | 74 | N24W | 163.00 | -5 | ENE, NEBE, ENE, EBS, EBN | FRESH TRADE, LATTER SQUALLY | SMALL RAIN | FIRST FAIR, MID CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144808 |