García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during HECTOR cruise from New York to Start Point started at 1750-06-23. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.746937, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1). PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 44.547200 * Median Longitude: -39.510000 * South-bound Latitude: 38.320000 * West-bound Longitude: -72.100000 * North-bound Latitude: 50.280000 * East-bound Longitude: -2.330000
Event(s):
Hector_17500623_NMM_ADM/L/4/109 * Latitude Start: 40.670000 * Longitude Start: -74.040000 * Latitude End: 50.280000 * Longitude End: -2.330000 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Hector, Start of voyage: 1750-07-04, End of voyage: 1750-07-28, Voyage: New York - Start Point, 1st Observer: Masterson (Captain), 2nd Observer: David Hay (Master) Author (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 28G 586BM
Parameter(s):
# | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Date/time start | Date/time start | ||||
2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
9 | - | - | 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) | |||
10 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
11 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
12 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
13 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
14 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
15 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
16 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
17 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
18 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
19 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
20 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
21 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
22 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
23 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
24 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
25 | Comment | Comment | ||||
26 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
514 data points
Data
1 Date/time start | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 - (1 If position is considered t...) | 10 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 13 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 14 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 15 Precip descr | 16 State sea descr | 17 Clearness | 18 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 19 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 20 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 21 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 22 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 23 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 24 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 25 Comment | 26 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1750-07-04T17:00 | 39.17 | -72.10 | 72 | 19.0 | SANDY HOOK | N49W | 58 | S49E | 116.00 | -7 | NW, W, EBN | FIRST PART MODERATE,MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES | FIRST PART FAIR, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108586 | ||||
1750-07-05T17:00 | 38.50 | -71.33 | 196 | 6.7 | SANDY HOOK | N44W | 58 | S41E | 56.00 | -7 | ESE, SE, SSW | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE LITTLE WIND, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART FAIR, MIDDLE HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108587 | ||||
1750-07-06T17:00 | 38.32 | -68.33 | 218 | 19.0 | SANDY HOOK | N64:30W | 101 | S84:40E | 150.00 | -7 | SSW, SW | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES | FIRST PART FAIR, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108588 | ||||
1750-07-07T16:00 | 38.33 | -64.87 | 14 | 19.0 | SANDY HOOK | N72:29W | 153 | N86E | 158.00 | -9 | WBN, NW, NNE | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108589 | ||||
1750-07-08T16:00 | 38.78 | -61.63 | 339 | 19.0 | SANDY HOOK | N79:30W | 197 | N77E | 155.00 | -10 | NBE, NBW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | SMALL RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108590 | ||||
1750-07-09T16:00 | 39.12 | -59.43 | 215 | 19.0 | SANDY HOOK | N75:00W | 235 | N78E | 104.00 | -10 | NNW, NNE, SW | FIRST PART SQUALLY, MIDDLE LITTLE WIND, LATTER FRESH GALES | FIRST PART SMALL RAIN | SWELL FROM THE NE | MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108591 | ||
1750-07-10T16:00 | 40.28 | -54.33 | 283 | 22.6 | SANDY HOOK | N89W | 306 | N75E | 252.00 | -10 | WSW, W, WNW | STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108592 | ||||
1750-07-11T15:00 | 40.57 | -52.27 | 12 | 6.7 | SANDY HOOK | S89W | 341 | N79E | 84.00 | -11 | WNW, W, NNE | HARD GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | SHOWERS OF RAIN | GREAT SEA FROM THE SW | CLOUDY | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108593 | ||
1750-07-12T15:00 | 41.68 | -51.70 | 124 | 2.6 | SANDY HOOK | S86:50W | 347 | N24E | 69.00 | -11 | NEBE, E, SE | LITTLE WIND | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108594 | ||||
1750-07-13T15:00 | 43.23 | -50.83 | 30 | 15.4 | SANDY HOOK | S81:00W | 368 | N22:30E | 100.00 | -15 | SSE, NE | MODERATE GALES | SMALL RAIN | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108595 | ||||
1750-07-14T15:00 | 43.48 | -49.47 | 30 | 19.0 | SANDY HOOK | S81:30 | 389 | N75E | 60.00 | -15 | NE | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE LITTLE WIND, LATTER FRESH GALES | FIRST PART HAZY, MIDDLE HAZY, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108596 | ||||
1750-07-15T15:00 | 43.25 | -48.75 | 120 | 2.6 | SANDY HOOK | S81W | 400 | S81E | 57.00 | -15 | NE, SE | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE CALM, LATTER LITTLE WIND | LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108597 | ||||
1750-07-16T15:00 | 44.72 | -44.82 | 176 | 19.0 | SANDY HOOK | S79:14W | 459 | N64:41E | 177.00 | -15 | SSE, SBW | FIRST PART MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES | DRIZZLING RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108598 | ||||
1750-07-17T15:00 | 46.22 | -39.35 | 255 | 6.7 | SANDY HOOK | S77:11W | 517 | N64:45E | 209.00 | -15 | SBW, WSW, W | FIRST FRESH GALES,MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART HAZY, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108599 | ||||
1750-07-18T14:00 | 47.20 | -35.52 | 255 | 6.7 | SANDY HOOK | S76:05W | 573 | N67E | 174.00 | -15 | WBS, WSW, W | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | MIDDLE AND LATTER SMALL RAIN | MIDDLE AND LATTTER HAZY | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108600 | |||
1750-07-19T14:00 | 47.73 | -31.62 | 252 | 15.4 | SANDY HOOK | S76:35W | 625 | N78:38E | 162.00 | -18 | WNW, W | MODERATE GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108601 | ||||
1750-07-20T14:00 | 48.22 | -29.00 | 140 | SANDY HOOK | S76:25W | 660 | N74E | 105.00 | -18 | W, SSE | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE LITTLE WIND | LATTER SMALL RAIN | FIRST PART HAZY, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 108602 | |||
1750-07-21T14:00 | 48.53 | -27.82 | 362 | 2.6 | SANDY HOOK | S76:14W | 677 | N68:00E | 51.00 | -18 | SSW, VARIABLE | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER LITTLE WIND | LATTER SMALL RAIN | FIRST PART HAZY, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 108603 | ||
1750-07-22T14:00 | 48.67 | -24.15 | 241 | 19.0 | SANDY HOOK | S77:00W | 729 | N86:58E | 147.00 | -18 | NEBE, WNW, WBS | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE MODERATE | MIDDLE SMALL RAIN | MIDDLE CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108604 | |||
1750-07-23T13:00 | 49.27 | -19.05 | 173 | 19.0 | SANDY HOOK | S77:15W | 796 | N80:00E | 204.00 | -18 | WBS, W, SBW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | SOME RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108605 | |||
1750-07-24T13:00 | 49.38 | -13.42 | 185 | 19.0 | SANDY HOOK | S79:15W | 871 | N87:40E | 220.00 | -18 | SSW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | SOME RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108606 | |||
1750-07-25T13:00 | 49.40 | -8.42 | 208 | 19.0 | SANDY HOOK | S79:06W | 938 | E | 196.00 | -17 | SSW, SW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | SOME RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108607 | |||
1750-07-26T12:00 | 49.47 | -4.03 | 163 | 19.0 | SANDY HOOK | S79:41W | 995 | 1 | N89E | 171.00 | -17 | SSW, S | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | SOME RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108608 | ||
1750-07-27T12:00 | 49.88 | -3.18 | 6 | 19.0 | LIZARD | NBW | 8 | 1 | -17 | WNW, NBE, NNE | MODERATE, AT 5 FRESH GALES | AT 5 HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108609 | |||||
1750-07-28T12:00 | 50.28 | -2.33 | 343 | 2.6 | START POINT | S79:30W | 17 | 1 | N78:30E | 51.00 | -17 | NBE, NBW, N | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER LITTLE WINDS | FIRST PART CLOUDY, MIDDLE AND LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108610 |