García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during GRIFFIN cruise from Canton River to St. Helena started at 1750-01-28 [dataset]. British Library, London, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.746936, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -21.741750 * Median Longitude: 51.791000 * South-bound Latitude: -35.030000 * West-bound Longitude: -4.600000 * North-bound Latitude: -10.580000 * East-bound Longitude: 105.440000
Event(s):
Griffin_17500128_BL_L/MAR/B/603A * Latitude Start: -10.580000 * Longitude Start: 105.240000 * Latitude End: -15.890000 * Longitude End: -5.750000 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Griffin, Start of voyage: 1750-02-08, End of voyage: 1750-04-13, Voyage: Canton River, China - St Helena, 1st Observer: Thomas Dethick (Author), Company: EIC
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Date/time start | Date/time start | ||||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 14 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 15 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 16 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 17 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 18 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 19 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 20 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 21 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 22 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 23 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 24 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 25 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
701 data points
Data
| 1 Date/time start | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 14 ww (Weather description) | 15 Precip descr | 16 State sea descr | 17 Clearness | 18 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 19 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 20 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 21 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 22 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 23 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 24 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 25 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1750-02-08T05:00 | -10.58 | 105.24 | 256 | CHRISTMAS ISLAND | WNE (!) | 9 | EBN TO S TO SBW | 77.00 | -3 | WSW, SW, W, WBS | SQUALLY UNSETTLED WEATHER WITH VARIABLE WINDS | CONFUSED SEA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105568 | ||||
| 1750-02-09T05:00 | -11.57 | 105.44 | 222 | S1/2E TO SBE TO | 64.00 | -3 | WSW, WBS, NW, WSW, SW | VARIABLE WINDS | VERY UNSETTLED WEATHER | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105569 | ||||||
| 1750-02-10T05:00 | -11.88 | 105.09 | 211 | SEBE TO WSW TO | 37.00 | -3 | SBW, SSE, SE, S, SWBS | MIDDLE A GREAT DEAL OF RAIN | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105570 | |||||||
| 1750-02-11T05:00 | -12.18 | 105.14 | 200 | 1.0 | SSE TO SE TO WB | 28.00 | -3 | SW, SWBS, S, NNE, SSW | LIGHT AIRS WITH CALMS | RAIN | SOUTHERLY SWELL | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105571 | |||||
| 1750-02-12T05:00 | -12.58 | 104.83 | 109 | 2.6 | SW TO SE | 33.00 | -4 | E, SE, ESE | MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT WINDS AND CALMS | FIRST PART RAIN | FIRST PART HAZY MIDDLE AND LATTER FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105572 | |||||
| 1750-02-13T05:00 | -12.88 | 104.66 | 289 | 1.0 | SBE TO SWBS | 20.00 | -4 | SWBW, WSW, NWBW, WNW | LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS | SE SWELL | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105573 | |||||
| 1750-02-14T05:00 | -13.25 | 104.83 | 221 | 1.0 | SBE TO SSE | 25.00 | -4 | SWBW, SW, SWBS, SW | LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105574 | ||||||
| 1750-02-15T05:00 | -13.33 | 104.83 | 232 | 1.0 | SSE1/2E TO SBE | 25.00 | -4 | SW, SWBS, SBW, S, SWBW | LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105575 | ||||||
| 1750-02-16T05:00 | -13.57 | 104.14 | 187 | 15.4 | SBE TO WBS | 62.00 | -4 | SWBW, SBE, S, SBW | PLEASANT WEATHER WITH LIGHT WINDS THE FIRST AND LATTER PARTS, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE GALE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105576 | |||||||
| 1750-02-17T05:00 | -13.70 | 103.46 | 154 | 15.4 | W TO SWBW | 44.00 | -4 | SSW, SBW, SE, SBE, SSE | LIGHT WINDS AND CALMS THE FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS, LATTER A MODERATE GALE | LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105577 | ||||||
| 1750-03-01T07:00 | -20.37 | 74.66 | 62 | 19.0 | WBS | 155.00 | -6 | EBS, EBN, ENE | FRESH GALE - SQUALLY AT 2AM | RAIN AT 3 PM AND AT 3AM | CLOUDY AT 1PM, HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105578 | |||||
| 1750-03-02T07:00 | -21.20 | 72.08 | 48 | 19.0 | WBS | 172.00 | -8 | EBN, ENE, NEBE | A FRESH GALE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105579 | ||||||
| 1750-03-03T07:00 | -22.08 | 69.31 | 26 | WBS | 164.00 | -8 | NEBE, EBN, NEBE, NEBN | SQUALLY WITH A FRESH GALE | A GREAT DEAL OF RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105580 | |||||||
| 1750-03-04T08:00 | -23.22 | 67.31 | 312 | WBS TO SW | 129.00 | -14 | NNW, N, NBW, NWBN | HARD SQUALLS VARIABLE WINDS | RAIN AT 1PM AND 2 AM | CONFUSED SEA | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105581 | |||||
| 1750-03-05T08:00 | -24.15 | 67.13 | 279 | SW TO SW1/2W | 57.00 | -14 | WNW, W, WBS, W, WNW | SQUALLY THE FIRST PART, MIDDLE AND LATTER VARIABLE WINDS | SW SWELL | MIDDLE AND LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105582 | ||||||
| 1750-03-06T08:00 | -24.38 | 66.96 | 335 | 1.0 | SW TO W | 18.00 | -14 | WNW, NWBW, W, NBW | LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS | SW SWELL | FIRST PART HAZY, THEN FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105583 | |||||
| 1750-03-07T08:00 | -25.07 | 64.91 | 346 | W | 116.00 | -14 | NNW, NBW, N | PART SQUALLY WITH A FRESH GALE | RAIN AT 11PM | LARGE WESTERLY SWELL | FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105584 | |||||
| 1750-03-08T08:00 | -25.83 | 63.16 | 256 | 2.6 | W TO SSW | 116.00 | -14 | NBE, N, WNW, W | SQUALLY THE FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS WITH A FRESH GALE, LATTER LIGHT WINDS | RAIN AT 5AM | FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105585 | |||||
| 1750-03-09T08:00 | -25.82 | 62.34 | 119 | 2.6 | N TO W | 47.00 | -16 | WNW, SSW, SSE, SE | LIGHT WINDS AND CALMS | SW SWELL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105586 | ||||||
| 1750-03-10T08:00 | -26.68 | 59.84 | 130 | 19.0 | WBS | 150.00 | -16 | SSE, SEBS | PLEASANT WEATHER WITH A FRESH GALE | SW SWELL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105587 | ||||||
| 1750-03-11T08:00 | -28.43 | 56.93 | 125 | WSW | 187.00 | -21 | SEBS, SSE, SE, SEBS | SQUALLS | SW SWELL | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105588 | ||||||
| 1750-03-12T08:00 | -29.40 | 53.84 | 47 | 19.0 | W | 170.00 | -21 | ESE, E, EBN, ENE | FRESH GALE | RAIN AT MIDNIGHT | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105589 | |||||
| 1750-03-13T09:00 | -30.22 | 50.81 | 225 | 2.6 | W TO NW | 153.00 | -23 | NEBE, NNE, NW, WNW, WSW | MIDDLE HARD SQUALLS, LATTER LIGHT WINDS | MIDDLE LIGHTNING | MIDDLE RAIN | FIRST PART HAZY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 105590 | ||||
| 1750-03-14T09:00 | -30.20 | 48.98 | 168 | 15.4 | NW1/2N TO W | 97.00 | -23 | WSW, SWBS, SSW, SBW | MODERATE GALE | SW SWELL | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105591 | |||||
| 1750-03-15T09:00 | -31.07 | 45.94 | 111 | 19.0 | W | 152.00 | -24 | SBW, S, SSE, SE | FRESH GALE | SMOOTH WATER | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105592 | |||||
| 1750-03-30T11:00 | -35.03 | 17.57 | 251 | 9.3 | WNW TO NNW1/2W | 110.00 | -19 | ESE, E, N, W, W | LATTER A PLEASANT GALE | LATTER FOGGY | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FAIR | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105593 | |||||
| 1750-03-31T11:00 | -34.20 | 16.84 | 253 | NNW TO N1/2W | 56.00 | -17 | W, WSW, SWBS, S, NWBW, W | VARIABLE WINDS | SMOOTH WATER | MOSTLY HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105594 | ||||||
| 1750-04-01T11:00 | -32.28 | 14.94 | 197 | NBW TO NWBN | 146.00 | -17 | WBN, WBS, SW, SWBS | MIDDLE SQUALLY WITH A FRESH GALE | LARGE SW SWELL | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105595 | ||||||
| 1750-04-02T11:00 | -30.40 | 12.60 | 118 | 19.0 | NWBN | 164.00 | -17 | SSW, SBE, SEBS, SE | FRESH GALE | VERY LARGE SW SWELL | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105596 | |||||
| 1750-04-03T11:00 | -28.27 | 10.77 | 143 | 19.0 | NNW | 156.00 | -15 | SE, SEBS, SSE | A FRESH GALE | SWELL MUCH DOWN | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105597 | |||||
| 1750-04-04T11:00 | -26.33 | 9.14 | 153 | 12.3 | NNW | 149.00 | -16 | SSE, SBE | A STEADY GALE | SMOOTH WATER | FIRST PART HAZY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105598 | |||||
| 1750-04-05T11:00 | -24.75 | 7.79 | 130 | 9.3 | NNW | 124.00 | -16 | SSE, SEBS | PLEASANT GALE | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS FAIR, MIDDLE CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105599 | ||||||
| 1750-04-06T12:00 | -22.85 | 6.35 | 132 | 12.3 | NNW | 138.00 | -14 | SSE, SEBS | A STEADY TRADE | PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105600 | ||||||
| 1750-04-07T12:00 | -21.03 | 4.94 | 144 | 12.3 | NNW | 135.00 | -14 | SEBS, SSE | A STEADY TRADE | PLEASANT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105601 | ||||||
| 1750-04-08T12:00 | -19.23 | 3.59 | 132 | 19.0 | NNW | 132.00 | -14 | SSE, SEBS | A FRESH GALE | SMOOTH WATER | MOSTLY HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105602 | |||||
| 1750-04-09T12:00 | -17.50 | 2.32 | 112 | 15.4 | NNW | 125.00 | -12 | SEBS, SE, SEBE | MODERATE GALE | SMOOTH WATER | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105603 | |||||
| 1750-04-10T12:00 | -16.00 | 1.29 | 122 | 15.4 | NNW | 103.00 | -13 | SEBS, ESE, SE | MODERATE GALE | SMALL RAIN AT 5 AM | SMOOTH WATER | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105604 | |||||
| 1750-04-11T12:00 | -15.93 | -0.95 | 145 | WBN | 129.00 | -13 | SSE, SEBS, SE, EBS, SSE | VARIABLE WINDS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105605 | |||||||
| 1750-04-12T12:00 | -15.93 | -2.81 | 124 | 19.0 | W TO WBN | 102.00 | -11 | SE, SEBS, SSE, SE | LATTER FRESH GALE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105606 | ||||||
| 1750-04-13T12:00 | -16.30 | -4.60 | 124 | 15.4 | ST HELENA | W1/2N | 15 | W TO WBN | -11 | SBE, SSE, SE | MODERATE GALE | PLEASANT WEATHER | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105607 |