García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during DRAGON cruise from St. Helena to Uk started at 1750-06-15 [dataset]. British Library, London, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.746913, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 28.756500 * Median Longitude: -23.152750 * South-bound Latitude: -14.770000 * West-bound Longitude: -37.770000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.330000 * East-bound Longitude: -5.500000
Event(s):
Dragon_17500615_BL_L/MAR/B/598B * Latitude Start: -15.890000 * Longitude Start: -5.750000 * Latitude End: 49.450000 * Longitude End: -5.630000 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Dragon, Start of voyage: 1750-06-26, End of voyage: 1750-09-03, Voyage: St Helena - Uk, 1st Observer: Henry Kent (Captain), 2nd Observer: Thomas Reading (1st Officer/Master), Company: EIC, Other ship information: 310BM. 1745-1752
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Date/time start | Date/time start | ||||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 14 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 15 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 16 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 17 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 18 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 19 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 20 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 21 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 22 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 23 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 24 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 25 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
697 data points
Data
| 1 Date/time start | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 14 ww (Weather description) | 15 Precip descr | 16 State sea descr | 17 Clearness | 18 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 19 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 20 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 21 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 22 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 23 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 24 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 25 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1750-06-26T12:00 | -14.77 | -7.08 | 90 | ST HELENA | SSE | 6 | N43W | 92.00 | -11 | EBS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60662 | |||||
| 1750-06-27T13:00 | -13.30 | -8.55 | 93 | 15.4 | 130.00 | -8 | ESE, EBS | MODERATE GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60663 | |||||||
| 1750-06-28T13:00 | -11.85 | -10.02 | 104 | 15.4 | 125.00 | -9 | ESE | MODERATE GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60664 | |||||||
| 1750-06-29T13:00 | -10.40 | -11.48 | 126 | 6.7 | N43W | 117.00 | -9 | SE | MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60665 | ||||||
| 1750-06-30T13:00 | -8.95 | -12.98 | 128 | 6.7 | 120.00 | -7 | SE | MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60666 | |||||||
| 1750-07-01T13:00 | -7.38 | -14.47 | 116 | 9.3 | N43W | 140.00 | -8 | SE, SEBE | FINE BREEZE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60667 | ||||||
| 1750-07-02T13:00 | -6.05 | -15.83 | 127 | 9.3 | N42W | 127.00 | -8 | SE | FINE GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60668 | ||||||
| 1750-07-03T13:00 | -4.33 | -17.30 | 138 | 9.3 | N41W | 134.00 | -8 | SEBS | FINE GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60669 | ||||||
| 1750-07-04T13:00 | -2.78 | -18.68 | 130 | 9.3 | N41W | 126.00 | -5 | SE | FINE BREEZE AND SQUALLY | SMALL RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60670 | |||||
| 1750-07-05T13:00 | -1.42 | -19.87 | 95 | 6.7 | N40W | 110.00 | -6 | SE, E, EBS | MODERATE BREEZE | FAIR | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60671 | |||||
| 1750-07-06T13:00 | 0.00 | -20.80 | 107 | 6.7 | N31W | 112.00 | -6 | ESE | PLEASANT BREEZES | FINE FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60672 | ||||||
| 1750-08-06T14:00 | 30.12 | -36.37 | 83 | 6.7 | N | 87.00 | -7 | E | MODERATE BREEZES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60673 | ||||||
| 1750-08-07T14:00 | 31.53 | -36.60 | 72 | 6.7 | N8W | 83.00 | -7 | EBN | MODERATE BREEZES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60674 | ||||||
| 1750-08-08T14:00 | 32.38 | -37.25 | 38 | 6.7 | N28W | 73.00 | -7 | E, ENE, NE, NNE, NE | MODERATE BREEZES | RAIN | FAIR AND CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60675 | |||||
| 1750-08-09T15:00 | 33.38 | -37.77 | 71 | 1.0 | N24W | 66.00 | -8 | NEBN, NEBE, ENE, EBN | FIRST MODERATE BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT AIRS | FAIR, LIGHTNING | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 60676 | ||||||
| 1750-08-10T15:00 | 33.63 | -37.72 | 262 | 2.6 | N10E | 20.00 | -8 | WSW, W | FIRST CALM, LATTER SMALL BREEZES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60677 | ||||||
| 1750-08-11T15:00 | 34.53 | -37.58 | 251 | 6.7 | N9E | 52.00 | -8 | WNW, NNE, NBW, S, WBS | FIRST LITTLE BREEZES, LATTER MODERATEBREEZES | LIGHTNING | RAIN | SWELL FROM THE N | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 60678 | |||
| 1750-08-12T14:00 | 36.15 | -37.32 | 239 | N8E | 96.00 | -9 | WNW, SW, WSW | FIRST MODERATE BREEZES, LATTER FRESH | THUNDER AND LIGHTNING | CLOUDY AND FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 60679 | ||||||
| 1750-08-13T14:00 | 38.08 | -36.48 | 248 | 19.0 | N17E | 137.00 | -11 | W, WNW, N, WBS | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | THUNDER AND LIGHTNING | RAIN | HAZY AND CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 60680 | ||||
| 1750-08-14T14:00 | 39.27 | -35.78 | 57 | N23E | 107.00 | -11 | WBN, NNW, NEBE, EBN, ENE | VERY UNCERTAIN | RAIN | SWELL FORM THE N | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60681 | |||||
| 1750-08-15T14:00 | 40.53 | -35.78 | 102 | 19.0 | N5E | 78.00 | -11 | EBN, EBS, ESE | FRESH GALES WITH CONTINUAL SQUALLS | MUCH RAIN | CHOPPING HARD SEA | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60682 | ||||
| 1750-08-16T14:00 | 40.90 | -35.83 | 12 | 6.7 | N7W | 61.00 | -11 | EBS, EBN, NEBN, NNE | FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE | RAIN | FAIR, AND HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60683 | |||||
| 1750-08-17T14:00 | 41.38 | -34.90 | 315 | 2.6 | N67E | 47.00 | -11 | SBE, NNE, NBE, N, NWBN | LITTLE WINDS | RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60684 | |||||
| 1750-08-18T14:00 | 41.83 | -33.73 | 158 | 2.6 | N62E | 59.00 | -11 | NBW, N, NNW, SBE | LITTLE WINDS | FAIR AND CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60685 | ||||||
| 1750-08-19T14:00 | 41.83 | -33.53 | 34 | 1.0 | N89E | 15.00 | -11 | SBE, VARIABLE, E, NE | LIGHT AIRS INTERMIXED WITH CALMS | RAIN | FAIR AND CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60686 | |||||
| 1750-08-20T14:00 | 42.65 | -32.20 | 199 | 9.3 | N56E | 78.00 | -15 | WSW, SW, SWBS | FIRST LITTLE WINDS, LATTER FINE BREEZES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60687 | ||||||
| 1750-08-21T14:00 | 44.12 | -29.62 | 210 | N56E | 150.00 | -15 | SW | FIRST FRESH BREEZES | LATTER HAZY | RAIN | HAZY AND FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60688 | |||||
| 1750-08-22T14:00 | 45.35 | -27.71 | 233 | 2.6 | N55E | 113.00 | -15 | WSW | FIRST FRESH BREEZES, LATTER LITTLE WINDS | HAZY AND FOGGY | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60689 | ||||||
| 1750-08-23T14:00 | 46.45 | -25.40 | 300 | 19.0 | N55E | 131.00 | -15 | W, WNW, NW | FIRST LITTLE WINDS, LATTER FRESH GALES | HAZY FOGGY AND CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60690 | ||||||
| 1750-08-24T14:00 | 47.92 | -22.68 | 320 | 19.0 | N54E | 150.00 | -18 | NNW | FRESH GALES | HAZY AND FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60691 | ||||||
| 1750-08-25T13:00 | 48.00 | -21.01 | 320 | N66E | 80.00 | -18 | WNW, W, SW, NE, NNW | FIRST MODERATE BREEZES, NIGHT LITTLE WINDS AND VARIABLE, LATTER FRESH | RAIN | HAZY AND FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60692 | ||||||
| 1750-08-26T13:00 | 48.57 | -18.01 | 263 | 9.3 | N75E | 140.00 | -18 | NWBW, WBN | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | NW SWELL | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60693 | |||||
| 1750-08-27T13:00 | 48.97 | -16.40 | 207 | 6.7 | N14E | 88.00 | -18 | W, WNW, SW | MODERATE BREEZES | NW SWELL | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60694 | |||||
| 1750-08-28T13:00 | 49.33 | -14.09 | 162 | 19.0 | N79E | 119.00 | -18 | SSW, S, SBE, S | FIRST MODERATE BREEZES, LATTER FRESH GALES | FAIR THEN CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60695 | ||||||
| 1750-08-29T13:00 | 49.28 | -12.48 | 118 | 19.8 | S88E | 69.00 | -17 | S, EBS1/2S, EBN, SE | VERY FRESH GALES | HAZY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60696 | ||||||
| 1750-08-30T13:00 | 49.13 | -11.03 | 276 | 2.6 | S81E | 84.00 | -17 | WBN, WNW | FIRST MODERATE BREEZES, LATTER LITTLE WINDS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60697 | ||||||
| 1750-08-31T13:00 | 49.13 | -10.22 | 253 | 2.6 | 48.00 | -17 | WNW, SW, SBW, SSW, W | LITTLE WINDS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60698 | |||||||
| 1750-09-01T13:00 | 49.08 | -8.89 | 253 | 2.6 | S86E | 65.00 | -17 | W | LITTLE WINDS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60699 | ||||||
| 1750-09-02T12:00 | 49.00 | -7.17 | 6 | S87E | 98.00 | -17 | W, WBN, NNE | FIRST LITTLE WINDS, LATTER FRESH | FAIR | DRIZZLING RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60700 | ||||||
| 1750-09-03T12:00 | 48.97 | -5.50 | 6 | 2.6 | LIZARD | NNE | 23 | E | 68.00 | -17 | NNE, NEBN, NE, NNE | LITTLE WINDS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60701 |