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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during COLCHESTER cruise from Gravesend to Madras started at 1752-01-19 [dataset]. British Library, London, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.746900, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 0.084286 * Median Longitude: 20.244396 * South-bound Latitude: -36.580000 * West-bound Longitude: -22.840000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.870000 * East-bound Longitude: 82.130000
Event(s):
Colchester_17520119_BL_L/MAR/B/113C * Latitude Start: 51.490000 * Longitude Start: 1.170000 * Latitude End: 12.100000 * Longitude End: 80.500000 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Colchester, Start of voyage: 1752-01-30, End of voyage: 1752-06-24, Voyage: Gravesend - Madras, 1st Observer: Roger Mainwaring (Captain), 2nd Observer: Frances Reed (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1Date/time startDate/time start
2LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
3LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
4Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
7BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
8Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
9CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
10DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
11DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
13Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
14Current speed descriptionV descr
15Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
16Present weatherwwWeather description
17Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
18State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
19ClearnessClearness
20GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
21Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
22FogFog1 If fog was reported
23Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
24ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
25HailHail1 If hail was reported
26Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
27IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1677 data points

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