García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during ASSURANCE cruise from England to Sierra Leone started at 1751-11-01 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.746880, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 17.941765 * Median Longitude: -19.180588 * South-bound Latitude: 8.420000 * West-bound Longitude: -23.880000 * North-bound Latitude: 36.080000 * East-bound Longitude: -12.930000
Event(s):
Assurance_17511101_NMM_ADM/L/A217 * Latitude Start: 51.530000 * Longitude Start: 1.920000 * Latitude End: 8.650000 * Longitude End: -13.550000 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Assurance (5th Rate Frigate), Start of voyage: 1751-11-12, End of voyage: 1752-01-03, Voyage: England - Sierra Leone, 1st Observer: John Spiller (Author), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 44G 814BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Date/time start | Date/time start | ||||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | - | - | 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) | |||
| 10 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 11 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 12 | Comment | Comment | Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields | |||
| 13 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 14 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 15 | Current direction description | Cur dir descr | Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to. | |||
| 16 | Current speed description | V descr | ||||
| 17 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 18 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 19 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 20 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 21 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 22 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 23 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 24 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 25 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 26 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 27 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 28 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 29 | Comment | Comment | ||||
| 30 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
768 data points
Data
| 1 Date/time start | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 - (1 If position is considered t...) | 10 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 12 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...) | 13 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 14 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 15 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...) | 16 V descr | 17 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 18 ww (Weather description) | 19 Precip descr | 20 State sea descr | 21 Clearness | 22 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 23 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 24 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 25 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 26 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 27 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 28 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 29 Comment | 30 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1751-11-12T13:00 | 36.08 | -12.93 | 31 | LIZARD | N19:46E | 298 | S11:14W | 162.00 | -14 | NE | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE FRESH GALES, LATTER SQUALLY | MIDDLE RAIN | FIRST PART HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 19679 | |||||||
| 1751-11-13T13:00 | 33.22 | -14.35 | 9 | 19.0 | LIZARD | N21:53E | 366 | S22:28W | 162.00 | -14 | NNE | FRESH GALES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 19680 | |||||||
| 1751-11-14T00:00 | 11 | 19.0 | 1 | WORKING INTO FUNCHAL ROAD | NBE | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 19681 | ||||||||||||||
| 1751-11-22T13:00 | 31.72 | -17.12 | 190 | 2.6 | MADEIRA | NBE | 20 | SBW | 60.00 | -13 | ESE, S, SSW | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER LITTLE WINDS | LIGHTNING | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 19682 | ||||||
| 1751-11-23T13:00 | 30.98 | -18.08 | 361 | 15.4 | MADEIRA | NBE | 37 | SBW | 50.00 | -11 | CALM, SSE, SE, CALM | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LIGHT AIRS, LATTER MODERATE GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 19683 | |||||||
| 1751-11-24T13:00 | 29.09 | -18.87 | 113 | 19.0 | MADEIRA | N1/2E | 77 | S | 118.00 | -11 | SEBE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE BREEZES. LATTER FRESH GALES | FIRST AND MIDDLE PART FAIR, LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 19684 | |||||||
| 1751-11-25T13:00 | 27.96 | -20.20 | 124 | 6.7 | MADEIRA | N9:34E | 100 | S21W | 79.00 | -11 | ESE, EBS, SEBE, SE | MODERATE BREEZES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 19685 | |||||||
| 1751-11-26T13:00 | 25.61 | -20.72 | 91 | 9.3 | MADEIRA | N4:46W | 148 | S5E | 147.00 | -10 | SEBE, EBS | FRESH BREEZES | CLOSE | DRIZZLE AND RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 19686 | |||||
| 1751-11-27T13:00 | 23.47 | -21.51 | 103 | 9.3 | MADEIRA | N3:40E | 192 | S | 133.00 | -10 | EBS, SE, SEBE, ESE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PART LITTLE WIND, AM PLEASANT GALES AND MODERATE | SMALL RAIN AT 4 | AM CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 19687 | ||||||
| 1751-11-28T13:00 | 21.47 | -22.14 | 92 | 9.3 | MADEIRA | N1:33E | 234 | S4E | 126.00 | -9 | ESE, SEBE, ESE, EBS | FRESH BREEZES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 19688 | |||||||
| 1751-11-29T14:00 | 20.08 | -23.14 | 61 | 15.4 | MADEIRA | N3:16W | 263 | S40E | 115.00 | -7 | EBS, E, ENE | MODERATE GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 19689 | |||||||
| 1751-11-30T13:00 | 18.96 | -21.08 | 25 | 15.4 | MADEIRA | S7E | 289 | S46E | 104.00 | -9 | EBN, ENE, NEBN | MODERATE GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 19690 | |||||||
| 1751-12-01T14:00 | 18.29 | -23.03 | 16 | 15.4 | MADEIRA | N3:20W | 303 | S56W | 80.00 | -7 | E, NE, NNE | SW | 0.5 | MODERATE GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 19691 | |||||
| 1751-12-02T14:00 | 18.04 | -23.88 | 38 | 6.7 | MADEIRA | N01:03E | 310 | WBS | 103.00 | -7 | ENE, NNE, NE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 19692 | |||||||
| 1751-12-03T14:00 | 17.74 | -23.45 | 72 | 2.6 | MADEIRA | N07E | 319 | S72W | 73.00 | -7 | ENE, EBN | LITTLE WIND | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 19693 | |||||||
| 1751-12-04T14:00 | 17.35 | -23.15 | 39 | 2.6 | MADEIRA | N10:55E | 322 | S69W | 78.00 | -6 | NE, E, NE | LITTLE WIND | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 19694 | |||||||
| 1751-12-05T13:00 | 16.30 | -22.00 | 37 | 15.4 | ISLE OF MAY | WBS | 7 | SWBW | 122.00 | -8 | NE, NNE, NE | NNE | 0.86 | FIRST PART LITTLE WIND, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 19695 | |||||
| 1751-12-12T13:00 | 14.15 | -22.19 | 15 | 6.7 | PORT PRAYA | N61E | 30 | S61E | 89.00 | -8 | NE, NNE | MODERATE BREEZES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19696 | ||||||||
| 1751-12-13T13:00 | 14.55 | -21.84 | 37 | PORT PRAYA | N81E | 36 | S52E | 38.00 | -8 | NEBN, NE, NEBE, NE | MODERATE BREEZES, AT NOON SQUALLY | DRIZZLING RAIN | FAIR, AT NOON DARK | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19697 | ||||||||
| 1751-12-14T13:00 | 16.07 | -22.16 | 93 | 15.4 | PORT PRAYA | SW1/4W | 40 | N6W | 91.00 | -8 | ENE, E, EBS | MODERATE GALES | CLOSE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19698 | |||||||
| 1751-12-15T13:00 | 15.90 | -21.92 | 105 | 1.0 | PORT PRAYA | S27W | 45 | S66E | 25.00 | -8 | EBS, ESE, E, EBN, ESE | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER LITTLE WIND, AT NOON QUITE CALM | MIDDLE DRIZZLING RAIN | FIRST PART CLOUDY, MIDDLE HAZY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19699 | |||||||
| 1751-12-16T13:00 | 15.23 | -20.91 | 48 | 9.3 | PORT PRAYA | N83:16E | 63 | SBE1/4E | 79.00 | -8 | CALM, NEBE, NE, NEBE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LITTLE WIND, LATTER PART FRESH BREEZES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19700 | ||||||||
| 1751-12-17T13:00 | 14.72 | -19.63 | 60 | 6.7 | PORT PRAYA | N88:06W | 91 | S69E | 89.00 | -8 | NEBE, NEBN, NNE, NE, ENE | MODERATE BREEZES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19701 | ||||||||
| 1751-12-18T13:00 | 14.55 | -18.74 | 37 | 6.7 | PORT PRAYA | N86:44W | 111 | S81E | 62.00 | -8 | EBN, NNE, NBE, NE | FIRST PART LITTLE WIND, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE BREEZES | LARGE SWELL FROM N | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19702 | |||||||
| 1751-12-19T13:00 | 14.37 | -18.06 | 37 | 6.7 | PORT PRAYA | N85:30W | 127 | S77E | 51.00 | -8 | NEBN, NNE, NEBN, NE | MODERATE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19703 | ||||||||
| 1751-12-20T13:00 | 13.67 | -17.05 | 34 | 6.7 | PORT PRAYA | N80:54W | 152 | S58E | 80.00 | -11 | NE, NNE, N, NNE, NE | MODERATE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19704 | ||||||||
| 1751-12-21T13:00 | 13.55 | -16.70 | 1 | -11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19705 | |||||||||||||||||
| 1751-12-22T00:00 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19706 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1751-12-23T00:00 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19707 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1751-12-24T00:00 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19708 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1751-12-25T00:00 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19709 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1751-12-26T00:00 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19710 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1751-12-27T13:00 | 13.12 | -18.73 | 352 | 15.4 | CAPE ST MARYS | N80E | 41 | S80W | 123.00 | -8 | ENE, NE, N, NNW, N | FIRST PART LITTLE WIND, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE GALES | LARGE SWELL FROM NW | FIRST PART HAZY, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19711 | |||||||
| 1751-12-28T13:00 | 10.97 | -18.26 | 27 | 19.0 | CAPE ST MARYS | N32:05E | 59 | S12E | 131.00 | -7 | ENE, NE, NEBN | MODERATE GALES, LATTER PART FRESH GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19712 | ||||||||
| 1751-12-29T13:00 | 9.43 | -17.08 | 24 | 6.7 | CAPE ST MARYS | N5:40E | 81 | S37E | 116.00 | -10 | NE, ENE, NE, NEBN | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE BREEZES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19713 | ||||||||
| 1751-12-30T13:00 | 8.97 | -15.71 | 35 | CAPE ST MARYS | N11:55E | 92 | S71E | 85.00 | -10 | NE | FIRST PART MODERATE BREEZES, MIDDLE LITTLE WIND, | MIDDLE CLOSE | FIRST PART FAIR, MIDDLE HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19714 | ||||||||
| 1751-12-31T13:00 | 8.68 | -15.41 | 361 | 1.0 | CAPE ST MARYS | N14:27E | 99 | S47E | 25.00 | -10 | NE, ENE, CALM, SE, CALM | FIRST AND LATTER LIGHT AIRS, MIDDLE PART MOSTLY CALM AND MODERATE | FAIR, MIDDLE CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19715 | ||||||||
| 1752-01-01T13:00 | 8.68 | -14.64 | 260 | 2.6 | CAPE ST MARYS | N22:30W | 104 | E | 45.00 | -10 | CALM, N, NW, W | NW | 0.5 | FIRST PART CALM, MIDDLE AND LATTER LITTLE WIND | FIRST PART HAZY, MIDDLE AND LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19716 | ||||||
| 1752-01-02T13:00 | 8.63 | -14.03 | 80 | 2.6 | CAPE ST MARYS | N28:17W | 110 | E1/2S | 38.00 | -10 | NNW, NW, WNW, NEBN, NEBE, E | SSE | 1 | LITTLE WIND | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19717 | ||||||
| 1752-01-03T13:00 | 8.42 | -13.43 | 361 | CAPE ST MARYS | N32:13W | 119 | S70E | 37.00 | -10 | E, SEBE, SBE, SSW, CALM | FIRST AND MIDDLE PART LITTLE WIND | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19718 |