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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MAGDALENA cruise from Calcutta to Batavia started at 1853-07-21, Version 1 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.746810, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 4.223437 * Median Longitude: 94.405000 * South-bound Latitude: -6.620000 * West-bound Longitude: 86.500000 * North-bound Latitude: 20.630000 * East-bound Longitude: 106.860000
Date/Time Start: 1853-07-21T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-08-20T05:00:00
Event(s):
Magdalena_18530721_B_REIS_1A_P2-9 * Latitude Start: 19.150000 * Longitude Start: 88.300000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1853-07-21T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-08-19T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Magdalena, Voyage: Calcutta - Batavia, 1st Observer: A.P. Klein (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1 DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
2 LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
3 LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
4 Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5 Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6 Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7 Temperature, airTTT°C
8 LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
9 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
10 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
11 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
12 CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
13 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
14 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
15 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
16 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
17 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
18 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
19 Current speed descriptionV descr
20 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
21 Present weatherwwWeather description
22 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
23 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
24 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
25 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
26 FogFog1 If fog was reported
27 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
28 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
29 HailHail1 If hail was reported
30 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
31 CommentComment
32 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
1401 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 
Date/Time		2 
Latitude		3 
Longitude		4 
dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)		5 
ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)		6 
PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)		7 
TTT [°C]		8 
Landmark
(Name of first landmark)		9 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)		10 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)		11 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)		12 
Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)		13 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)		14 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)		15 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)		16 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)		17 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)		18 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)		19 
V descr		20 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)		21 
ww
(Weather description)		22 
Precip descr		23 
State sea descr		24 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)		25 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)		26 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)		27 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)		28 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)		29 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)		30 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)		31 
Comment		32 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1853-07-21T00:002482.6HW82WZW20000000156840
1853-07-21T06:0020.6388.232502.6993.031.1VM8KOMPAS OP OOST. KLOKSCHIP THEEWIJCK? VERSCHRIKKELIJK IN DE KAAP ZUIDELIJKE DEINING2288.0029.32WZW2ZWARE BUIJENZUIDELIJKE DEINING1000000156841
1853-07-21T00:003151.0PV81NW10000000156842
1853-07-22T00:002252.6HW82ZW20000000156843
1853-07-22T06:0019.6388.1020512.3VM826ZZW60000000156844
1853-07-22T00:002252.6PV82ZW20000000156845
1853-07-23T00:00248HW8WZW0000000156846
1853-07-23T06:0019.3787.1525012.3999.130.0VM82686.0029.50WZW14Z 5W60000000156847
1853-07-23T00:0022515.4PV87ZW70000000156848
1853-07-24T00:002489.3HW85WZW50000000156849
1853-07-24T06:0018.7887.082509.3VM825WZW50000000156850
1853-07-24T00:00248PV8WZW0000000156851
1853-07-25T00:00225HW8ZW0000000156852
1853-07-25T06:0017.2387.6525012.3999.131.1VM82688.0029.50WZW3Z 9O60000000156853
1853-07-25T00:00248PV8WZW0000000156854
1853-07-26T00:002486.7HW84WZW40000000156855
1853-07-26T06:0018.4886.502506.71001.130.6VM82487.0029.56WZW13N 13O40000000156856
1853-07-26T00:002482.6PV82WZW20000000156857
1853-07-27T00:00248HW8WZW0000000156858
1853-07-27T06:0016.9586.802279.31003.130.0VM8MIDDAG ZWAAR STAMPEN2586.0029.62ZW7N 19O50000000156859
1853-07-27T00:002489.3PV85WZW50000000156860
1853-07-28T00:00225HW8ZW0000000156861
1853-07-28T06:0014.6587.382506.71004.530.0VM82486.0029.66WZW14Z 16O40000000156862
1853-07-28T00:00248PV8WZW0000000156863
1853-07-29T00:002259.3HW85ZW50000000156864
1853-07-29T06:0013.3587.282276.71011.230.6VM82487.0029.86ZWW240000000156865
1853-07-29T00:00225PV8ZW0000000156866
1853-07-30T00:00225HW8ZW0000000156867
1853-07-30T06:0012.6787.102276.71005.130.0VM82486.0029.68ZW9Z 6W40000000156868
1853-07-30T00:00248PV8WZW0000000156869
1853-07-31T00:00236HW8ZWTW0000000156870
1853-07-31T06:0011.2887.952389.31005.129.4VM82585.0029.68ZWTW7N 14O50000000156871
1853-07-31T00:00236PV8ZWTW0000000156872
1853-08-01T00:00248HW8WZW0000000156873
1853-08-01T06:009.2388.822501005.529.4VM8285.0029.69WZW3N 1OREGEN0100000156874
1853-08-01T00:00236PV8ZWTW0000000156875
1853-08-02T00:00214HW8ZWTZ0000000156876
1853-08-02T06:007.1089.932499.31007.929.4VM81585.0029.76WZW3Z 23O50000000156877
1853-08-02T00:00248PV8WZW0000000156878
1853-08-03T00:00270HW8W0000000156879
1853-08-03T06:004.0590.833169.31007.230.0VM81586.0029.74NW15Z 3O5REGEN0100000156880
1853-08-03T00:00248PV8WZW0000000156881
1853-08-04T00:002031.0HW81ZZW10000000156882
1853-08-04T06:001.5092.533161.01007.929.4VM81185.0029.76NW10000000156883
1853-08-04T00:00PV80000000156884
1853-08-05T00:00HW80000000156885
1853-08-05T06:000.3893.8311007.928.9VM8184.0029.76N12Z 36OBUI UIT ZWEN REGEN1100000156886
1853-08-05T00:00270PV8W0000000156887
1853-08-06T00:00681.0HW81ONO10000000156888
1853-08-06T06:00-0.5594.48461.01006.529.4VM81185.0029.72NO15N 7O10000000156889
1853-08-06T00:00452.6PV82NO20000000156890
1853-08-07T00:001131.0HW81OZO10000000156891
1853-08-07T06:00-1.4795.22911.01007.229.4VM81185.0029.74O14N 4O10000000156892
1853-08-07T14:00-1.4795.22461.0PV811NO10000000156893
1853-08-08T00:00HW80000000156894
1853-08-08T06:00-2.0795.520.01006.230.6VM8187.0029.7111N 8OSTILBUIJIGZWAAR STORTREGEN1100000156895
1853-08-08T00:000.0PV8STIL0000000156896
1853-08-09T00:00270HW8W0000000156897
1853-08-09T06:00-2.4595.823169.31005.830.0VM81586.0029.70NW9N 4O5BUIJIGREGEN1100000156898
1853-08-09T00:00293PV8WNW0000000156899
1853-08-10T00:00225HW8ZW0000000156900
1853-08-10T05:00-3.7397.90691.01006.229.4VM81185.0029.71ONO7N 20O1BUIJIGREGEN DOOR HET ZUIDEN NAAR HET OOSTEN1100000156901
1853-08-10T00:00315PV8NW0000000156902
1853-08-11T00:0068HW8ONO0000000156903
1853-08-11T05:00-4.5599.12469.31007.227.8VM81582.0029.74NO7N 17O5BUIJIGREGEN1100000156904
1853-08-11T00:0068PV8ONO0000000156905
1853-08-12T00:000.0HW8STIL0000000156906
1853-08-12T05:00-5.22100.151008.528.3VM8183.0029.785Z 4OBUIJIGNW-ZW REGEN1100000156907
1853-08-12T00:00225PV8ZW0000000156908
1853-08-13T00:00HW80000000156909
1853-08-13T05:00-5.60100.371007.227.8VM8182.0029.742Z 16WBLIXEMREGEN0100100156910
1853-08-13T00:003156.7PV84NW40000000156911
1853-08-14T00:00203HW8ZZW0000000156912
1853-08-14T05:00-6.27101.131361009.227.2VM8181.0029.80ZOMET DONDER EN WEERLICHTENREGEN0100100156913
1853-08-14T00:002489.3PV85WZW50000000156914
1853-08-15T00:00113HW8OZO0000000156915
1853-08-15T05:00-5.30102.721146.71007.927.8VM8IN DE ZO PASSAATEN1482.0029.76OZO20Z 3O40000000a trivial correction was made in this observation156916
1853-08-15T00:00135PV8ZO0000000156917
1853-08-16T00:00135HW8ZO0000000156918
1853-08-16T05:00-6.60103.521149.31008.528.3VM8STEEDS ZWAAR STAMPEN KREGEN EEN ZEE OVER HET GEHELE SCHIP1583.0029.78OZO9N 3O50000000156919
1853-08-16T00:00113PV8OZO0000000156920
1853-08-17T00:0090HW8O0000000156921
1853-08-17T05:00-6.62104.421144.61007.928.9VM81384.0029.76OZO18N 12W30000000156922
1853-08-17T00:00113PV8OZO0000000156923
1853-08-18T00:00203HW8ZZW0000000156924
1853-08-18T05:00-6.25105.401361006.828.3KRAKATAOVM8TEN 12 PEILDEN DE BEIDE ?. IN KRAKATAO. IN STRAAT SUNDA183.0029.73ZO0000000156925
1853-08-18T00:00135PV8ZO0000000156926
1853-08-19T00:00HW80000000156927
1853-08-19T05:00-5.88105.95VM810000000156928
1853-08-19T00:00PV80000000156929
1853-08-20T00:00HW80000000156930
1853-08-20T05:00-6.10106.861VM810000000156931
1853-08-20T00:00PV80000000156932