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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MAGDALENA cruise from Londen to Calcutta started at 1853-02-24, Version 2 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.746809, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -7.897500 * Median Longitude: 16.287870 * South-bound Latitude: -39.250000 * West-bound Longitude: -30.150000 * North-bound Latitude: 50.420000 * East-bound Longitude: 87.270000
Date/Time Start: 1853-02-24T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-06-12T06:00:00
Event(s):
Magdalena_18530224_B_REIS_1A_P2-9 * Latitude Start: 51.470000 * Longitude Start: 1.000000 * Latitude End: 19.150000 * Longitude End: 88.300000 * Date/Time Start: 1853-02-24T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-06-12T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Magdalena, Voyage: London - Calcutta, 1st Observer: A.P. Klein (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
10 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
11 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
12 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
13 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
14 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
15 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
16 Present weatherwwWeather description
17 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
18 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
19 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
20 FogFog1 If fog was reported
21 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
22 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
23 HailHail1 If hail was reported
24 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
25 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1740 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

-
(1 If position is considered t...)

Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
10 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
11 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
12 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
13 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
14 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
15 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
16 
ww
(Weather description)
17 
Precip descr
18 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
19 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
20 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
21 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
22 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
23 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
24 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
25 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1853-02-24T00:0033815.417NNW70000000158428
1853-02-25T12:0050.420.00226999.76.71-2244.0029.52WZW0000000158429
1853-02-26T12:0050.401.00293984.86.71-2244.0029.08NW0000000158430
1853-02-27T12:0050.40-0.821997.06.71-2244.0029.44NNO0000000158431
1853-02-28T12:0049.65-4.732691009.26.71-2444.0029.80WNW0000000158432
1853-03-01T12:0048.30-7.382911005.18.9-2448.0029.68NW0000000158433
1853-03-02T13:0046.15-10.472691014.010.6-2451.0029.94WNW0000000158434
1853-03-03T13:0043.38-12.472461020.712.2-2454.0030.14W0000000158435
1853-03-04T13:0041.53-13.672461022.812.8-2455.0030.20W0000000158436
1853-03-05T13:0039.93-14.552241023.413.3-2456.0030.22WZW0000000158437
1853-03-06T13:0038.82-14.523141020.014.4-2458.0030.12NNW0000000158438
1853-03-07T13:0036.55-16.8811020.015.0-2259.0030.12NNO0000000158439
1853-03-08T13:0034.48-19.08221024.815.6-2360.0030.26NO0000000158440
1853-03-09T13:0032.88-19.93221020.016.7-2362.0030.12NO0000000158441
1853-03-10T13:0031.95-20.37241018.718.3-2165.0030.08NO0000000158442
1853-03-11T13:0030.18-21.45241016.017.8-2164.0030.00NO0000000158443
1853-03-12T14:0027.32-23.13481014.618.3-2065.0029.96ONO0000000158444
1853-03-13T14:0024.38-24.4531011.919.4-2067.0029.88NNO0000000158445
1853-03-14T14:0022.00-25.35271011.220.6-1869.0029.86NO0000000158446
1853-03-15T14:0019.90-25.87271011.921.7-1871.0029.88NO0000000158447
1853-03-16T14:0017.52-26.45721011.222.2-1872.0029.86O0000000158448
1853-03-17T14:0015.12-26.15511010.622.2-1772.0029.84ONO0000000158449
1853-03-18T14:0013.33-25.22511010.623.9-1775.0029.84ONO0000000158450
1853-03-19T14:0010.62-24.0261009.924.4-1776.0029.82NNO0000000158451
1853-03-20T14:008.00-22.8361010.625.6-1778.0029.84NNO0000000158452
1853-03-21T13:005.35-21.653421009.926.7-1880.0029.82N0000000158453
1853-03-22T13:003.82-20.95271009.227.8-1882.0029.80NO0000000158454
1853-03-23T13:002.68-20.573611008.527.8-1882.0029.78STIL0000000158455
1853-03-24T13:002.37-20.482521009.928.9-1884.0029.82W0000000158456
1853-03-25T13:001.93-20.453611009.928.9-1884.0029.82STILDONDER BLIXEMEN REGEN0100100158457
1853-03-26T13:002.07-20.432971009.228.9-1884.0029.80NW0000000158458
1853-03-27T13:001.70-20.531171009.228.3-1883.0029.80ZO0000000158459
1853-03-28T13:001.10-20.922071010.627.8-1882.0029.84ZW0000000158460
1853-03-29T13:000.27-21.05721009.925.6-1878.0029.82O0000000158461
1853-03-30T13:00-0.18-21.331171008.927.2-1881.0029.79ZO0000000158462
1853-03-31T13:00-1.12-22.451171008.527.8-1882.0029.78ZO0000000158463
1853-04-01T14:00-3.60-24.021201009.227.8-1582.0029.80ZO0000000158464
1853-04-02T14:00-6.18-25.981091009.227.8-1582.0029.80ZOTO0000000158465
1853-04-03T14:00-9.07-27.651241009.927.8-1182.0029.82ZO0000000158466
1853-04-04T14:00-11.82-28.921021010.627.8-1182.0029.84OZO0000000158467
1853-04-05T14:00-14.82-29.60791011.927.8-1182.0029.88O0000000158468
1853-04-06T14:00-17.52-29.671031011.928.9-1084.0029.88OZO0000000158469
1853-04-07T14:00-17.92-30.15351010.629.4-1085.0029.84NO0000000158470
1853-04-08T14:00-18.92-29.77461010.627.8-1082.0029.84NOTO0000000158471
1853-04-09T14:00-20.60-29.65581010.628.3-1083.0029.84ONO0000000158472
1853-04-10T14:00-22.40-28.62801011.227.8-1082.0029.86O0000000158473
1853-04-11T14:00-24.15-27.82591012.627.2-981.0029.90ONO0000000158474
1853-04-12T14:00-25.65-26.80111013.326.7-1280.0029.92NNO0000000158475
1853-04-13T14:00-26.75-24.683481009.926.7-1280.0029.82N0000000158476
1853-04-14T13:00-28.23-21.803241009.226.7-1480.0029.80NNW0000000158477
1853-04-15T13:00-29.53-18.973011013.326.7-1480.0029.92NW0000000158478
1853-04-16T13:00-30.15-17.703011016.026.1-1479.0030.00NW0000000158479
1853-04-17T13:00-30.85-16.332981017.725.6-1778.0030.05NW0000000158480
1853-04-18T13:00-31.27-15.371861018.024.4-1776.0030.06ZZW0000000158481
1853-04-19T13:00-31.77-13.901411017.322.2-1772.0030.04ZZO0000000158482
1853-04-20T13:00-32.10-12.87961020.020.0-1768.0030.12OZO0000000158483
1853-04-21T13:00-32.77-12.383411020.719.4-1967.0030.14N0000000158484
1853-04-22T13:00-34.38-9.002511011.221.1-1970.0029.86W0000000158485
1853-04-23T12:00-35.50-5.202031005.821.7-2271.0029.70ZW0000000158486
1853-04-24T12:00-35.82-1.4715626.81004.820.6-241069.0029.67Z100000000158487
1853-04-25T12:00-36.87-0.8715626.81008.518.9-241066.0029.78Z100000000158488
1853-04-26T12:00-35.421.032461007.918.9-2466.0029.76WMOOI WEER0000000158489
1853-04-27T12:00-35.552.881771007.917.8-2664.0029.76ZZW0000000158490
1853-04-28T12:00-36.505.982221005.118.3-2665.0029.68WZW0000000158491
1853-04-29T11:00-37.439.0726515.4997.418.3-28765.0029.45WNW7REGEN0100000158492
1853-04-30T11:00-38.2512.682861001.817.8-2964.0029.58NW0000000158493
1853-05-01T11:00-39.2516.672861004.518.3-2965.0029.66NW0000000158494
1853-05-02T11:00-39.1021.43263999.120.0-3068.0029.50WNWREGEN0100000158495
1853-05-03T10:00-39.0524.27194996.719.4-3167.0029.43ZW0000000158496
1853-05-04T10:00-38.1827.753291004.517.8-3164.0029.66N0000000158497
1853-05-05T10:00-38.6831.2532926.81013.318.3-311065.0029.92N100000000158498
1853-05-06T10:00-38.9535.6023912.3997.020.0-31668.0029.44W60000000158499
1853-05-07T09:00-38.2738.8315015.4999.718.9-30766.0029.52Z70000000158500
1853-05-08T09:00-38.1743.172411008.517.8-2964.0029.78W0000000158501
1853-05-09T09:00-38.0846.1330912.31010.916.7-29662.0029.85NNW60000000158502
1853-05-10T09:00-38.0351.0528715.41006.518.3-28765.0029.72NW70000000158503
1853-05-11T08:00-38.2855.9315326.81002.418.3-271065.0029.60Z100000000158504
1853-05-12T08:00-37.7058.4710912.31013.317.8-26664.0029.92ZO60000000158505
1853-05-13T08:00-36.8860.451131019.416.1-2261.0030.10ZO0000000158506
1853-05-14T08:00-36.0061.682034.61018.016.7-22362.0030.06ZW30000000158507
1853-05-15T08:00-36.1262.872731016.017.8-2064.0030.00WNW0000000158508
1853-05-16T08:00-36.7064.832951016.018.9-2066.0030.00NW0000000158509
1853-05-17T07:00-36.6067.97261016.017.8-1964.0030.00NO0000000158510
1853-05-18T07:00-36.6369.7311615.41013.317.8-19764.0029.92ZO70000000158511
1853-05-19T07:00-35.2072.339415.41015.317.2-19763.0029.98OZO70000000158512
1853-05-20T07:00-33.5375.00729.31021.417.8-18564.0030.16O50000000158513
1853-05-21T07:00-31.3776.78769.31023.818.3-14565.0030.23O50000000158514
1853-05-22T07:00-29.6777.73559.31023.418.3-13565.0030.22ONO50000000158515
1853-05-23T07:00-27.9878.031009.31023.420.0-13568.0030.22OZO50000000158516
1853-05-24T07:00-25.7879.178115.41023.121.1-9770.0030.21O70000000158517
1853-05-25T07:00-22.8879.888115.41020.722.2-9772.0030.14O70000000158518
1853-05-26T07:00-19.5779.988412.31017.323.3-6674.0030.04O60000000158519
1853-05-27T07:00-16.3780.278612.31012.625.0-4677.0029.90O60000000158520
1853-05-28T07:00-12.9280.481099.31010.626.1-4579.0029.84OZO50000000158521
1853-05-29T07:00-9.5281.181334.61008.527.2-2381.0029.78ZO30000000158522
1853-05-30T07:00-7.0081.181342.61007.227.2-1281.0029.74ZO20000000158523
1853-05-31T07:00-5.9381.30891011.928.3-183.0029.88OBUIENMET REGEN1100000158524
1853-06-01T07:00-3.8781.721572.61006.828.9-1284.0029.73ZZO20000000158525
1853-06-02T07:00-2.6782.021342.61007.228.9-1284.0029.74ZO20000000158526
1853-06-03T07:00-1.4382.322701005.830.0086.0029.70WREGEN0100000158527
1853-06-04T06:00-0.2582.7727015.41001.127.80782.0029.56W70000000158528
1853-06-05T06:002.9583.8227112.31002.429.41685.0029.60W60000000158529
1853-06-06T06:006.3784.2827115.41000.730.01786.0029.55W70000000158530
1853-06-07T06:009.1083.9024912.31000.430.01686.0029.54WZW60000000158531
1853-06-08T06:0011.8883.682041001.831.1188.0029.58ZZW0000000158532
1853-06-09T06:0014.7583.622056.7999.731.72489.0029.52ZZW40000000158533
1853-06-10T06:0017.5284.32182996.332.2290.0029.42Z0000000158534
1853-06-11T06:0019.2385.13205997.732.2LENGTE VOLGENS PEILING 85G5MIN290.0029.46ZZW0000000158535
1853-06-12T06:0020.4787.272051005.131.7289.0029.68ZZW0000000158536