Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 41.932400 * Median Longitude: -68.863600 * South-bound Latitude: 39.180000 * West-bound Longitude: -72.600000 * North-bound Latitude: 44.400000 * East-bound Longitude: -64.580000

Date/Time Start: 1776-07-01T17:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1777-01-04T16:00:00

Event(s):

Liverpool_NMM_ADM/L/L172 * Date/Time Start: 1776-12-18T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1777-01-04T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Liverpool (6th Rate Frigate), 1st Observer: Henry Bellow (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 28G 586BM

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
7	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
8	Distance to landmark	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance to the first landmark
9	Course	Course		Course of the ship during the past 24 hours
10	Distance	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours
11	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
13	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
14	Present weather	ww		Weather description
15	Precipitation description	Precip descr
16	State of the sea description	State sea descr
17	Clearness	Clearness
18	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
19	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
20	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
21	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
22	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
23	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
24	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
25	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

485 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark)	9 Course (Course of the ship during the...)	10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...)	11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	14 ww (Weather description)	15 Precip descr	16 State sea descr	17 Clearness	19 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	20 Fog (1 If fog was reported)	21 Snow (1 If snow was reported)	25 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1776-07-01T17:00	39.65	-72.45	185		SANDY HOOK	N56W	29	S	13.00	-6	VARIABLE, SBW	FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE	LATTER THICK FOGGY WEATHER			FIRST PART HAZY, MIDDLE CLEAR	0	1	0	151222
1776-07-02T17:00	39.27	-72.55	177	6.7	SANDY HOOK	N43W	32	S12W	24.00	-3	SBW, SSW, S	MODERATE				HAZY	0	0	0	151223
1776-07-03T17:00	39.75	-72.47	298		SANDY HOOK	N59W	27	N8E	30.00	-6	SWBS, NWBN, NWBW	FRESH BREEZES, LATTER SQUALLY				FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS HAZY, LATTER CLEAR	0	0	0	151224
1776-07-04T17:00	40.22	-71.95	362	2.6	SANDY HOOK	N81W	32	N49E	37.00	-6	NWBW, NBW, VARIABLE	FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE FRESH BREEZES, LATTER LITTLE WIND				FIRST PART CLOUDY, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLEAR	0	0	0	151225
1776-07-05T17:00	39.90	-71.88	197		SANDY HOOK	N71W	35	N9E	19.00	-6	WSW, SSW	FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE, LATTER FRESH				FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLEAR, LATTER CLOUDY	0	0	0	151226
1776-07-06T17:00	39.18	-71.78	362	6.7	SANDY HOOK	N53W	43	N2E	43.00	-6	VARIABLE	MODERATE				HAZY	0	0	0	151227
1776-07-07T17:00	39.92	-72.52	245	6.7	SANDY HOOK	N64W	26	N38W	56.00	-3	NW, NWBW, WSW	FIRST AND MIDDL EPARTS FRESH BREEZES, LATTER MODERATE				FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FAIR, LATTER HAZY	0	0	0	151228
1776-07-08T17:00	39.83	-72.37	362	6.7	SANDY HOOK	N63W	28	S55E	9.00	-6	VARIABLE, UP SSW OFF SW	FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE LITTLE WIND, LATTER MODERATE				FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS HAZY, LATTER CLEAR	0	0	0	151229
1776-07-09T17:00	39.78	-72.60	233	0.0	SANDY HOOK	N57W	25	S75W	18.00	-3	SSW, SWBW	CALM AND LIGHT AIRS					0	0	0	151230
1776-12-18T00:00	44.48		270		CAPE SAMBRO	N	9	S	28.00		NBE, SW, W	FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LIGHT BREEZES				FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDY	0	0	0	151243
1776-12-19T16:00	42.80	-64.58	325	19.0	CAPE SAMBRO	N23E	37	S31W	84.00	-13	WSW, NNW	FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY					0	0	0	151244
1776-12-20T16:00	42.28	-65.45	15	6.7	CAPE SAMBRO	N32E	52	S51W	49.00	-8	N, NNE	FIRST PART STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE AND LATTER MORE MODERATE	FIRST PART SNOW AND FROST				0	0	1	151245
1776-12-21T16:00	43.63	-66.85	77	22.6	CAPE SABLE	S72E	13	N37W	101.00	-13	NNE, ENE, E	FIRST PART LIGHT AIRS, MIDDLE MODERATE, LATTER STRONG GALES				FIRST PART CLOUDY	0	0	0	151246
1776-12-22T16:00	43.22	-67.03	362	22.6	CAPE SAMBRO	N63E	57	S18W	26.00	-13	VARIABLE	STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY		RAIN			1	0	0	151247
1776-12-24T16:00	43.82	-66.21	336	19.0	CAPE SAMBRO	N71E	45	N35E	49.00	-13	NW, NBW	FIRST AND LATER PARTS FRESH GALES, MIDDLE MODERATE				FIRST AND LATTER CLOUDY	0	0	0	151248
1776-12-25T16:00	43.52	-66.90	325	6.7	CAPE SAMBRO	N68E	53	S57W	39.00	-13	NBE, NNW	FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE				LATTER FAIR	0	0	0	151249
1776-12-26T16:00	44.40	-67.19	55	6.7	GRANDMANNAN ISLAND	NNW	3			-13	NNW, NE, ENE	MODERATE				FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLEAR, LATTER CLOUDY	0	0	0	151250
1776-12-27T16:00	43.03	-67.47	55	22.6	GRANDMANNAN ISLAND	N18E	31	S18W	94.00	-13	E, EBS, E, ESE, E, ENE	LATTER STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY			GREAT SEA	FIRST PART CLOUDY	0	0	0	151251
1776-12-28T17:00	42.32	-67.52	39	22.6	CAPE SABLE	N6W	15	S78E	63.00	-6	NNE, N, VARIABLE, NE	STRONG GALES					0	0	1	151252
1776-12-29T16:00	43.15	-67.12	10	19.0	GRANDMANNAN ISLAND	N10W	28	N42W	27.00	-13	NEBN, NE, NNE	FRESH GALES				CLOUDY	0	0	1	151253
1776-12-30T17:00	43.02	-68.02	362	1.0	CAPE SABLE	N37W	12	S79E	41.00	-11	NNE, NBE, VARIABLE	FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH GALES, LATTER LIGHT AIRS				CLOUDY	0	0	0	151254
1776-12-31T17:00	43.17	-69.17	349	6.7	CAPE SABLE	N77W	27	N80E	60.00	-11	N, NBE, N	MODERATE				CLOUDY	0	0	0	151255
1777-01-01T17:00	43.32	-67.63	12	6.7	CAPE SABLE	NEBE	5			-11	NBE, NNE	MODERATE				FAIR	0	0	0	151256
1777-01-02T16:00	43.28	-66.04	190	19.0	CAPE SABLE	N60E	7	S60W	22.00	-13	SE, SSE, SSW	MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES				FIRST PART CLOUDY	0	0	0	151257
1777-01-03T16:00	43.12	-66.58	302	22.6	CAPE SABLE	N64E	16	S81E	63.00	-13	SW, WSW, NW	FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY			MIDDLE AND LATTER GREAT SEA	FIRST PART HAZY	0	0	0	151258
1777-01-04T16:00	42.73	-67.26	280	22.6	CAPE SABLE	N59W	28	S53E	38.00	-13	WNW	MAJOR PART STRONG GALES				CLOUDY	0	0	0	151259