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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during INDIA cruise from Batavia to Rotterdam started at 1839-07-12 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.746586, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 3.018788 * Median Longitude: 12.174394 * South-bound Latitude: -35.180000 * West-bound Longitude: -36.680000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.500000 * East-bound Longitude: 103.700000
Date/Time Start: 1839-03-07T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1839-11-05T12:00:00
Event(s):
India_18390712_C_REIS_10_P162-169 * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: 51.900000 * Longitude End: 3.930000 * Date/Time Start: 1839-07-12T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1839-11-05T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: India, Voyage: Batavia - Rotterdam, 1st Observer: P. Vis (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
10 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
11 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
12 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
13 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
15 Present weatherwwWeather description
16 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
17 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
18 Cloud typeCloud type
19 ClearnessClearness
20 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
21 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
22 FogFog1 If fog was reported
23 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
24 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
25 HailHail1 If hail was reported
26 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
27 CommentComment
28 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
2303 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]

ff [m/s]

PPPP [hPa]

-

Watch

Glasses
10 
Decl [deg]
11 
Wind scale ref [#]
12 
Reading [arbitrary units]
13 
Wind dir descr
14 
Wind force descr
15 
ww
16 
Precip descr
17 
State sea descr
18 
Cloud type
19 
Clearness
20 
Gusts
21 
Rain
22 
Fog
23 
Snow
24 
Thunder
25 
Hail
26 
Sea ice
27 
Comment
28 
ID
1839-03-07T00:0050.051249.31003.81VM8529.64ZOTO50000000115166
1839-03-08T12:0048.92-7.072452.61002.4VM8-25229.60W2Z04V030000000115167
1839-03-09T13:0047.55-9.851646.71004.8VM8-27429.67ZTW4Z010000000115168
1839-03-10T13:0046.52-8.922234.61009.5VM8-25329.81WZW30000000115169
1839-03-11T13:0046.12-10.602452.61009.2VM8-25229.80W2V030000000115170
1839-03-12T13:0045.53-10.921786.71008.5VM8-25429.78ZZW4H100000000115171
1839-03-13T13:0045.73-11.952236.71011.6VM8-25429.87WZW4W200100000115172
1839-03-14T13:0044.97-12.172009.31019.4VM8-25530.10ZW50000000115173
1839-03-15T13:0043.92-11.4329015.4VM8-257NW70000000115174
1839-03-16T13:0042.18-12.3231512.3VM8-236NNW60000000115175
1839-03-17T13:0039.25-14.323599.3VM8-245NNO50000000115176
1839-03-18T13:0037.25-15.851584.61018.4VM8-22330.07Z30000000115177
1839-03-19T13:0036.48-17.0713615.41014.0VM8-22729.94ZZO7Z010000000a trivial correction was made in this observation115178
1839-03-20T13:0036.18-19.7210212.31008.2VM8-22629.77ZOTO60000000115179
1839-03-21T13:0033.28-21.021026.7VM8-224ZOTO4W001000000115180
1839-03-22T13:0030.55-21.67929.31010.9VM8-21529.85OZO5V03, V101000000115181
1839-03-23T13:0027.30-22.32609.3VM8-195OTN50000000115182
1839-03-24T14:0024.40-22.80602.61011.2VM8-19229.86OTN20000000115183
1839-03-25T14:0022.33-23.62969.3VM8-175OZO5V040000000115184
1839-03-26T14:0020.73-24.55516.7VM8-174ONO40000000115185
1839-07-12T05:00-7.30103.27462.6VM812NO2W33W20V050100100115254
1839-07-13T05:00-8.20103.70686.7VM804ONO4V01H000000000115255
1839-07-14T05:00-8.95100.471244.6VM803ZOTO3V040000000115256
1839-07-15T05:00-9.8399.457915.4VM807OTN7W220100000115257
1839-07-16T06:00-11.3096.75899.3VM8-15O5V030000000115258
1839-07-17T06:00-11.6094.751006.7VM8-14OTZ4H000000000115259
1839-07-18T06:00-12.5293.35889.3VM8-25O5V040000000115260
1839-07-19T06:00-13.4891.351119.3VM8-25OZO5H000000000115261
1839-07-20T06:00-14.2589.65999.3VM8-25OTZ5W00W20V101100000115262
1839-07-21T06:00-14.9386.2513215.4VM8-37ZO7V040000000115263
1839-07-22T06:00-15.7282.8513212.3VM8-36ZO60000000115264
1839-07-23T07:00-16.5379.6016612.3VM8-36ZTO6V04, V101000000115265
1839-07-24T07:00-17.0076.8812012.3VM8-46ZOTO60000000115266
1839-07-25T07:00-17.7073.5714012.3VM8-66ZOTZ6Z04V050000000115267
1839-07-26T07:00-18.6570.951066.7VM8-74OZO4V030000000115268
1839-07-27T07:00-19.7268.931732.6VM8-72Z2H100000000115269
1839-07-28T07:00-20.4067.921286.7VM8-74ZO4V010000000115270
1839-07-29T08:00-20.7566.0016015.4VM8-97ZTO7V101000000115271
1839-07-30T08:00-21.0563.751609.3VM8-95ZTO5V101000000115272
1839-07-31T08:00-21.7261.431702.6VM8-102Z2V050000000115273
1839-08-01T08:00-22.6859.43312.6VM8-142NO2V050000000115274
1839-08-02T08:00-23.3358.602562.6VM8-142W20000000115275
1839-08-03T08:00-23.3358.6013212.3VM8-146ZOTZ6V101000000115276
1839-08-04T08:00-23.9357.13534.61016.7VM8-15330.02ONO3V03, V050000000115277
1839-08-05T08:00-23.8055.332334.6VM8-153WZW3W200100000115278
1839-08-06T08:00-25.9054.173006.7VM8-154NW4Z040000000115279
1839-08-07T08:00-26.1052.972551013.6VM8-1529.93WZ04V030000000115280
1839-08-08T08:00-26.2852.801012.6VM8-1529.90RONDLOPENDW00W20Z041100000115281
1839-08-09T09:00-25.4351.422982.6VM8-172NW2W00W201100000115282
1839-08-10T09:00-25.2752.1314112.31019.4VM8-17630.10ZZO6Z040000000115283
1839-08-11T09:00-26.0250.05849.31022.8VM8-17530.20OTZ5Z04H000000000115284
1839-08-12T09:00-27.4047.82519.31026.1VM8-17530.30ONO5H000000000115285
1839-08-13T09:00-28.4244.750.01022.8VM8-2330.20STILW30V030000100115286
1839-08-14T09:00-28.7342.381336.71018.7VM8-25430.08ZZO4V04H000000000115287
1839-08-15T09:00-28.6340.803589.3VM8-255NNO50000000115288
1839-08-16T09:00-29.9337.652686.71017.7VM8-25430.05WNW40000000115289
1839-08-17T10:00-30.6035.172444.61007.2VM8-26329.74W3H000000000115290
1839-08-18T10:00-29.1235.40649.31011.6VM8-26529.87O5V010000000115291
1839-08-19T10:00-29.5034.372899.31007.5VM8-26529.75NW5W30Z040000100115292
1839-08-20T10:00-31.0232.6018815.41002.1VM8-26729.59ZWTZ70000000115293
1839-08-21T10:00-30.8331.2518726.81008.2VM8-271029.77ZWTZ10Z010000000115294
1839-08-22T10:00-31.2531.4872.61016.0VM8-27230.00NOTN2Z040000000115295
1839-08-23T10:00-31.5031.8222112.31016.7VM8-27630.02WZW6V030000000115296
1839-08-24T10:00-32.5229.771510.01013.6VM8-2929.93ZSTILZ03V040000000115297
1839-08-25T10:00-33.4028.6824126.81013.3VM8-291029.92W100000000115298
1839-08-26T10:00-34.1327.131622.6VM8-299NO90000000115299
1839-08-27T10:00-34.5226.58394.61022.8VM8-29330.20ONO3H00, H010000000115300
1839-08-28T10:00-34.5324.083546.71021.7VM8-29430.17NNO4W11H010010000115301
1839-08-29T11:00-35.1821.332194.61010.9VM8-29329.85WZW30000000115302
1839-08-30T11:00-34.9320.832194.61014.0VM8-29329.94WZW30000000115303
1839-08-31T11:00-34.9320.681742.61012.6VM8-29229.90ZZW20000000115304
1839-09-01T11:00-34.9520.42849.31012.6VM8-29529.90OZO5W00W201100000115305
1839-09-02T11:00-34.9717.732866.71014.3VM8-29429.95NW40000000115306
1839-09-03T11:00-34.1014.832656.71011.9VM8-28429.88WNW4H010000000115307
1839-09-04T11:00-33.7513.572652.61022.8VM8-28230.20WNW2H030000000115308
1839-09-05T11:00-31.9813.7313012.31019.4VM8-28630.10ZZO60000000115309
1839-09-06T11:00-30.4012.0710812.31036.3VM8-27630.60ZO6Z04V030000000115310
1839-09-07T11:00-28.808.701766.7VM8-274ZZW40000000115311
1839-09-08T12:00-26.956.571789.3VM8-255ZZW50000000115312
1839-09-09T12:00-25.304.801219.31015.3VM8-25529.98ZOTZ5V101000000115313
1839-09-10T12:00-23.282.337712.3VM8-246OTZ6V050000000115314
1839-09-11T12:00-21.28-0.1511112.31019.0VM8-24630.09ZO6V050000000115315
1839-09-12T12:00-19.18-2.287712.3VM8-246OTZ6V101000000115316
1839-09-13T12:00-17.12-4.30VM8-220000000115317
1839-09-18T13:00-12.57-9.975912.3VM8-206OTN60000000115318
1839-09-19T13:00-10.55-12.2510412.3VM8-206ZOTO60000000115319
1839-09-20T13:00-8.48-13.67729.3VM8-185O50000000115320
1839-09-21T13:00-5.35-15.6212812.3VM8-186ZOTZ60000000115321
1839-09-22T13:00-4.03-17.201289.3VM8-185ZOTZ50000000115322
1839-09-23T13:00-1.98-18.551429.3VM8-165ZZO50000000115323
1839-09-24T13:000.02-19.751646.7VM8-164Z40000000115324
1839-09-25T13:001.77-20.752096.7VM8-164ZW4V04, V05H000000000115325
1839-09-26T13:003.32-21.251749.3VM8-175ZTW5Z040000000115326
1839-09-27T13:005.22-21.752536.7VM8-174W40000000115327
1839-09-28T13:006.68-21.803322.6VM8-172NTW2V101000000115328
1839-09-29T13:006.88-21.972422.6VM8-172WTZ20000000115329
1839-09-30T13:007.68-21.802536.7VM8-174W40000000115330
1839-10-01T13:009.43-22.052982.6VM8-172NW2V101000000115331
1839-10-02T13:0010.40-21.001632.6VM8-172Z2W220100000115332
1839-10-03T13:0011.42-22.45512.6VM8-172ONO2V040000000115333
1839-10-04T14:0012.88-23.67299.3VM8-165NO5V04H010000000115334
1839-10-05T14:0014.25-25.57299.3VM8-165NO50000000115335
1839-10-06T14:0016.32-27.534212.3VM8-146NOTO60000000115336
1839-10-07T14:0018.95-29.00409.3VM8-165NOTO5V030000000115337
1839-10-08T14:0021.32-30.00409.3VM8-165NOTO5V030000000115338
1839-10-09T14:0023.87-31.33289.3VM8-175NO5V010000000115339
1839-10-10T14:0026.10-33.33309.3VM8-155NO5V030000000115340
1839-10-11T14:0027.82-35.20959.3VM8-185OZO50000000115341
1839-10-12T14:0029.82-35.50509.3VM8-185ONO5V03H000000000115342
1839-10-13T14:0031.18-35.823312.6VM8-182NTW20000000115343
1839-10-14T14:0033.18-36.2725VM8-21NOH000000000115344
1839-10-15T14:0034.37-36.602502.6VM8-212W2H000000000115345
1839-10-16T14:0035.13-36.682736.7VM8-214WNW40000000115346
1839-10-17T14:0037.28-34.4212.3VM8-216NOTM6V030000000115347
1839-10-18T14:0038.08-31.883364.6VM8-243N3V03H000000000115348
1839-10-19T14:0038.28-31.132244.6VM8-243WZW3H00, H010000000115349
1839-10-20T14:0039.00-29.8721212.3VM8-246ZWTW6V050000000115350
1839-10-21T14:0041.17-28.00109.3VM8-245NOTN50000000115351
1839-10-22T14:0042.45-25.07219.3VM8-245NO5V040000000115352
1839-10-23T13:0042.23-21.378915.4VM8-247OZO7W001000000115353
1839-10-24T13:0044.23-21.931316.7VM8-274ZZO4W001000000115354
1839-10-25T13:0045.25-19.881539.3VM8-275Z5W200100000115355
1839-10-26T13:0046.67-17.181324.6VM8-263ZZO30000000115356
1839-10-27T13:0048.33-15.751066.7VM8-294ZO4V050000000115357
1839-10-28T13:0048.87-14.0012912.3VM8-296ZZO60000000115358
1839-10-29T13:0048.10-14.62842.6VM8-292OZO20000000115359
1839-10-30T13:0048.83-14.187212.3VM8-296OTZ60000000115360
1839-10-31T13:0047.72-15.00619.3VM8-295O50000000115361
1839-11-01T13:0048.17-17.320.0VM8-29STILZ040000000115362
1839-11-02T13:0048.93-18.502516.7VM8-304WTN4V030000000115363
1839-11-03T13:0048.85-15.072419.3VM8-295W5H000000000115364
1839-11-04T13:0049.10-10.9327712.3VM8-276NWTW6V030000000115365
1839-11-05T12:0049.50-6.47882.6VM8-252OZO2W20V050100000115366