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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during General Elliot cruise from Downs to Bombay started at 1789-12-22 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.746578, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -11.371429 * Median Longitude: -16.001143 * South-bound Latitude: -41.280000 * West-bound Longitude: -30.030000 * North-bound Latitude: 33.180000 * East-bound Longitude: 18.170000
Date/Time Start: 1789-01-01T14:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1789-03-11T11:00:00
Event(s):
General_Elliot_17891222_NMM_MLN/2 * Latitude Start: 47.720000 * Longitude Start: -5.280000 * Latitude End: 18.500000 * Longitude End: 72.820000 * Date/Time Start: 1789-01-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1789-03-11T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: General Elliot, Voyage: Downs - Bombay, 1st Observer: Robert Drummond (Captain), Company: EIC
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
10 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
11 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
12 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
13 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
15 Present weatherwwWeather description
16 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
17 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
18 ClearnessClearness
19 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
20 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
21 FogFog1 If fog was reported
22 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
23 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
24 HailHail1 If hail was reported
25 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
26 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1140 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)

-
(1 If position is considered t...)
10 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
11 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
12 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
13 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
14 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
15 
ww
(Weather description)
16 
Precip descr
17 
State sea descr
18 
Clearness
19 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
20 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
21 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
22 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
23 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
24 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
25 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
26 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1789-01-01T14:0033.18-22.7819626.8S56W86.00-18SBE, SSE, S, SWBSHARD GALESHEAVY SEA000000099993
1789-01-02T13:0032.92-22.022179.3S56E46.00-19SWBS, SW, SWBWFRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYHEAVY RAIN010000099994
1789-01-03T13:0032.63-21.201842.6S67E42.00-19SW, SSWLIGHT BREEZESHEAVY RAIN010000099995
1789-01-04T13:0031.75-21.052532.6S9E56.00-17SW, WLIGHT BREEZESFINE AND CLEAR000000099996
1789-01-05T13:0031.20-21.351869.3S26W34.00-17SWBW, SSWFRESH BREEZESCLEAR000000099997
1789-01-06T13:0029.78-21.4829822.6S5W75.00-17SW, WNW, NWSTRONG GALES AND SQUALLYHEAVY SEA000000099998
1789-01-07T13:0026.75-19.9829919.0S8E192.00-16NWBW, NWFRESH GALES FREQUENT SQUALLSRAINCLOUDY0100000100000
1789-01-08T13:0024.12-19.152432.6S4W152.00-16NW, WBSLIGHT BREEZESFINE0000000100001
1789-01-09T13:0022.70-18.472322.6S25E90.00-16WBS, WSWLIGHT BREEZESCLEAR0000000100002
1789-01-10T13:0022.00-17.972222.6S38E45.00-14SWBS, SW, SWBWLIGHT BREEZESCLEAR0000100100003
1789-01-11T13:0021.17-18.38311.0S31W45.00-14W, N, NNE, NELIGHT AIRS SOMETIMES CALM0000000100004
1789-01-12T13:0019.32-19.55319.3S32W125.00-14NEFRESH BREEZESHEAVY SWELL FROM NWCLEAR0000000100005
1789-01-13T13:0017.43-22.28329.3S49W175.00-13NEFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY0000000100006
1789-01-14T13:0014.40-21.783219.0SALLWBN6S9E188.00-13NEFRESH GALESCLOUDY0000000100007
1789-01-15T13:0011.48-20.72569.3S28E171.00-12ENEFRESH BREEZESHAZY0000000100008
1789-01-16T13:009.47-19.833621.0S25E112.00-12NE, VARIABLEFIRST FRESH BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT AIRSFIRST HAZY, LATTER VARIABLE0000000100009
1789-01-17T13:008.68-19.78331.0S30E66.00-12VARIABLE, NW, NNE, NELIGHT AIRS AND CALMHAZY0000100100010
1789-01-18T13:006.97-19.20341.0S23E89.00-11NELIGHT AIRS AND CALMCLOUDY0000000100011
1789-01-19T13:005.85-19.83342.6S23E73.00-11NNE, NELIGHT BREEZES SOMETIMES CALM0000000100012
1789-01-20T13:004.50-19.6712S18E34.00-11NNERAINCLOUDY0100100100013
1789-01-21T13:004.05-19.483380.0S23E29.00-11NBWCALMFAIR0000000100014
1789-01-22T13:002.95-20.031472.6S35W57.00-11S, SSEFIRST CALM, LATTER LIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY0000000100015
1789-01-23T13:001.90-19.881599.3S50W93.00-10SBEFRESH BREEZESFINE0000000100016
1789-01-24T13:001.02-21.121489.3S48W99.00-10SSEFRESH BREEZESCLEAR0000000100017
1789-01-25T13:000.70-21.531481.0S31W49.00-10S, SSELIGHT AIRS AND CALMCLEAR0000000100018
1789-01-26T13:00-0.23-22.133622.6S29W73.00-10ESE, SSE, VARIABLELIGHT BREEZESFINE0000000100019
1789-01-27T14:00-1.03-22.833622.6S36W72.00-8SE, VARIABLELIGHT BREEZESCLEAR0000000100020
1789-01-28T14:00-2.30-24.121502.6S51W98.00-8S, SSELIGHT BREEZESFINE0000000100021
1789-01-29T14:00-4.02-25.151392.6S32W117.00-7SEBSLIGHT BREEZESFINE0000000100022
1789-01-30T14:00-5.83-28.701202.6S14W93.00-4SEBELIGHT BREEZESCLEAR0000000100023
1789-01-31T14:00-6.60-28.90362S20W12.00-4SE, VARIABLELIGHT AIRS CALM, VARIABLEFINE0000000100024
1789-02-01T14:00-7.35-29.083620.0S17E17.00-4NE, VARIABLECALMVARIABLE0000000100025
1789-02-02T14:00-8.90-28.52652.6S13E20.00-3NE, ENEFIRST SQUALLY, MID AND LATTER LIGHT BREEZESRAINFINE0100000100026
1789-02-03T14:00-11.07-28.60982.6S2W5.00-3E, EBSLIGHT BREEZESFINE0000000100027
1789-02-04T14:00-13.08-29.151112.6S15W117.00-2ESELIGHT BREEZESFINE0000000100028
1789-02-05T14:00-14.88-29.771112.6S9W100.00-2ESELIGHT BREEZESFINE0000000100029
1789-02-06T14:00-16.43-30.031222.6S11W76.00-2EBS, SEBELIGHT BREEZESCLEAR0000000100030
1789-02-07T14:00-18.40-29.77676.7S8E106.00-1EBS, ENEMODERATE BREEZESCONFUSED SWELLCLEAR0000000100031
1789-02-08T14:00-20.23-29.32679.3TRINDADASEBS17S14E99.00-1EBS, ENEFRESH BREEZESSOUTHERN SWELLFINE0000000100032
1789-02-09T14:00-22.35-28.95789.3TRINDADAE1/2S21S22E108.00-1ENE, EBNFRESH BREEZESFINE0000000100033
1789-02-10T14:00-24.42-27.53799.3S24E124.000NEBE, EBN, EBNFRESH BREEZESFINE0000000100034
1789-02-11T14:00-25.98-26.87429.3S25E86.00-3ENE, NEFRESH BREEZESFINE0000000100035
1789-02-12T14:00-28.10-25.43449.3S36E130.00-1NEFRESH BREEZESFINE0000000100036
1789-02-13T14:00-28.60-25.07441.0S34E35.00-1NELIGHT AIRS AND CALMCLEAR0000000100037
1789-02-14T14:00-28.95-24.90441.0SS35E15.00-1NELIGHT AIRS AND CALMCLOUDY0000000100038
1789-02-15T14:00-29.68-24.27362S37E55.00-1VARIABLEVARIABLE WITH LIGHT SQUALLSHEAVY RAINCONFUSED SEA0100000100039
1789-02-16T14:00-30.45-24.151680.0S40E44.00-1WBN, SBELIGHT BREEZES, CALMCLOUDY0000000100040
1789-02-17T14:00-31.07-24.431122.6S7W39.00-1SEBS, ESELIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY0000000100041
1789-02-18T14:00-32.83-24.531242.6S14E96.000SEBELIGHT BREEZESCLEAR0000000100042
1789-02-19T14:00-34.40-22.50539.3S52E128.00-3ENE, NEBEFRESH BREEZESFINE0000000100043
1789-02-20T13:00-35.52-19.68202.6S66E151.00-3NEBE, NNELIGHT BREEZESPLEASANT0000000100044
1789-02-21T13:00-35.98-16.403202.6S73E95.00-6N, WNW, NWBNLIGHT BREEZESFINE0000000100045
1789-02-22T13:00-36.78-13.3532019.0S73E164.00-6N, NWBNFRESH GALESCLEAR0000000100046
1789-02-23T13:00-37.13-8.621419.03 ISLANDS OF TRISTAN DE CUNHASEBE1/4E9S86E228.00-9NNEFRESH GALESCLEAR0000000100047
1789-02-24T12:00-37.50-5.281142.6S82E163.00-10NW, SSE, SEBEFIRST FRESH GALES, LATTER LIGHT BREEZESDRIZZLING RAINCLOUDY0100000100048
1789-02-25T12:00-37.07-4.271129.3N58E49.00-12SE, SEBE, SEBEFRESH BREEZESTHICK HAZY0000000100049
1789-02-26T12:00-38.58-5.021039.3S22W94.00-10SE, ESEFRESH BREEZESCLEAR0000000100050
1789-02-27T12:00-39.63-2.523502.6S62E131.00-10EBN, ENE, NLIGHT BREEZESFINE0000000100051
1789-02-28T12:00-40.080.33102.6S79E134.00-13NNELIGHT BREEZESTHICK HAZY0000000100052
1789-03-01T12:00-40.153.002882.6S88E123.00-16NWBWLIGHT BREEZESTHICK FOGSMALL RAIN0110000100053
1789-03-02T12:00-40.223.673621.0S82E31.00-16WNW, VARIABLELIGHT AIRS AND CALMTHICK FOG0010000100054
1789-03-03T12:00-41.275.5572.6S64E97.00-16ESE, ENE, NNELIGHT BREEZEHAZY0000000100055
1789-03-04T11:00-41.289.4542.6E176.00-19NNELIGHT WINDSSMALL RAINHAZY0100000100056
1789-03-05T11:00-40.8812.6536219.0N81E147.00-21NWBN, SW, SBE, VARIABLEFIRST FRESH BREEZES, LATTER FRESH GALESCLOUDY0010000100057
1789-03-06T11:00-39.4313.5513722.6N27E102.00-21SE1/2E, SE, SSESTRONG GALESHEAVY SEACLOUDY, LATTER CLEAR0000000100058
1789-03-07T11:00-38.3314.5711419.0N28E92.00-21SSE, SEFRESH GALESHEAVY SEACLOLUDY0000000100059
1789-03-08T11:00-37.5714.8311419.0N15E48.00-21SEFRESH GALESHEAVY SEACLOUDY0000000100060
1789-03-09T11:00-36.7815.501476.7N41E49.00-22SSE, SBEFRESH GALES, MID AND LATTER MODERATEHEAVY SEA, SMOOTH WATER0000000100061
1789-03-10T11:00-36.2317.001811.0N87E55.00-22SSWLIGHT AIRSFINE0000000100062
1789-03-11T11:00-35.3318.172242.6N48E76.00-24SSW, WSWLIGHT BREEZESFINE THEN CLEAR0000000100063