García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during BLANDFORD cruise from Senegal to Lisbon started at 1750-08-21 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.746522, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 27.497826 * Median Longitude: -21.252826 * South-bound Latitude: 14.280000 * West-bound Longitude: -27.460000 * North-bound Latitude: 40.270000 * East-bound Longitude: -9.400000
Event(s):
Blandford_17500821_NMM_ADM/L/B103 * Latitude Start: 16.170000 * Longitude Start: -17.650000 * Latitude End: 38.530000 * Longitude End: -9.740000 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Blandford (Frigate), Start of voyage: 1750-09-01, End of voyage: 1750-10-16, Voyage: Senegal - Lisbon, 1st Observer: Edward Pratten (Author), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 20G, 442BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Date/time start | Date/time start | ||||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 14 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 15 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 16 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 17 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 18 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 19 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 20 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 21 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 22 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 23 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 24 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 25 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
927 data points
Data
| 1 Date/time start | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 14 ww (Weather description) | 15 Precip descr | 16 State sea descr | 17 Clearness | 18 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 19 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 20 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 21 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 22 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 23 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 24 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 25 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1750-09-01T13:00 | 14.38 | -18.12 | 37 | 27.4 | CAPE DE VERDE | NEBE | 14 | SWBW | 42.00 | -8 | WSW, NW, WBN-NE | FIRST PART LITTLE WIND, MIDDLE MODERATE, LATTER VERY HARD GALES AND SQUALLY | FIRST PART THUNDER, MIDDLE PART MUCH LIGHTNING FROM THE EAST | FIRST PART CLOUDY, | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 29991 | ||
| 1750-09-02T13:00 | 14.32 | -18.56 | 352 | 6.7 | CAPE DE VERDE | NEBE3/4E | 21 | WBS | 24.00 | -8 | N | CALM UNTIL 2 PM, THEN MODERATE BREEZES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 29992 | |||
| 1750-09-03T13:00 | 14.28 | -18.93 | 362 | 2.6 | CAPE DE VERDE | N69E | 26 | W1/2S | 17.00 | -8 | VARIABLE | LITTLE WIND WITH CALMS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 29993 | ||||
| 1750-09-04T13:00 | 14.47 | -19.26 | 362 | 1.0 | CAPE DE VERDE | ENE | 31 | WNW | 20.00 | -8 | VARIABLE | LIGHT AIRS WITH CALMS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 29994 | ||||
| 1750-09-05T13:00 | 14.68 | -19.67 | 37 | 6.7 | CAPE DE VERDE | E | 36 | N54W | 22.00 | -8 | NE | CALM, LATTER MODERATE BREEZE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29995 | |||
| 1750-09-06T13:00 | 15.87 | -20.29 | 150 | CAPE DE VERDE | SEBE1/2E | 51 | NNW1/4W | 72.00 | -8 | NEBN, E-SSE | MODERATE GALES AT 11 SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29996 | |||||
| 1750-09-07T13:00 | 16.42 | -20.20 | 362 | 2.6 | CAPE DE VERDE | S54E | 53 | NBE3/4E | 29.00 | -8 | VARIABLE | LIGHT BREEZES WITH CALMS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29997 | ||||
| 1750-09-08T13:00 | 16.62 | -20.01 | 341 | 6.7 | CAPE DE VERDE | SE | 54 | NEBN | 27.00 | -8 | NNW, N, WNW, NBW | MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29998 | |||
| 1750-09-09T13:00 | 17.08 | -20.83 | 37 | 6.7 | CAPE DE VERDE | SE1/4E | 70 | WNW | 46.00 | -8 | NE | MODERATE | NE SWELL | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29999 | ||
| 1750-09-10T13:00 | 17.53 | -21.22 | 59 | 2.6 | CAPE DE VERDE | S46E | 79 | NW | 30.00 | -9 | NE, ENE | LITTLE WINDS AND CALMS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30001 | ||||
| 1750-09-11T13:00 | 18.23 | -21.85 | 81 | 6.7 | CAPE DE VERDE | SE | 98 | NWBN | 59.00 | -9 | E | MODERATE | SOME RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 30002 | ||
| 1750-09-12T13:00 | 19.27 | -22.12 | 81 | 6.7 | CAPE DE VERDE | S40E | 118 | NBW | 63.00 | -9 | E | MODERATE WITH SOME SQUALLS OF WIND | SHOWERS OF RAIN | AT 7PM VERY DARK AND CLOUDY | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30003 | ||
| 1750-09-13T13:00 | 20.33 | -22.12 | 81 | 6.7 | CAPE DE VERDE | S32:30E | 134 | N1/4E | 71.00 | -9 | E | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 30004 | |||
| 1750-09-14T14:00 | 21.17 | -22.52 | 83 | 2.6 | CAPE DE VERDE | S31E | 149 | NNW | 50.00 | -7 | E | LITTLE WIND | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30005 | |||
| 1750-09-15T14:00 | 21.95 | -23.10 | 83 | 2.6 | CAPE DE VERDE | S30:40E | 167 | NNW1/2W | 58.00 | -7 | E | LITTLE WIND | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30006 | |||
| 1750-09-16T14:00 | 22.95 | -23.94 | 82 | 6.7 | CAPE DE VERDE | S31:30E | 192 | N36W | 74.00 | -8 | E | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30007 | |||
| 1750-09-17T14:00 | 23.92 | -24.72 | 82 | 6.7 | CAPE DE VERDE | S32E | 215 | NWBN | 74.00 | -8 | E | FIRST AND LATTER MODERATE | FIRST AND LATTER FAIR, MIDDLE CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30008 | |||
| 1750-09-18T14:00 | 24.47 | -25.49 | 37 | 2.6 | CAPE DE VERDE | S33E | 231 | N52W | 49.00 | -8 | NE | FIRST AND LATTER LITTLE WIND | FIRST AND LATTER FAIR, MIDDLE CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30009 | |||
| 1750-09-19T14:00 | 24.58 | -26.07 | 37 | 2.6 | CAPE DE VERDE | S34:40E | 236 | WNW1/4W | 30.00 | -8 | NE | FIRST AND LATTER LITTLE WIND | FIRST AND LATTER FAIR, MIDDLE CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30010 | |||
| 1750-09-20T14:00 | 24.50 | -25.98 | 362 | 1.0 | CAPE DE VERDE | S34:15E | 235 | E | 9.00 | -8 | VARIABLE | CALM, LIGHT AIRS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30011 | |||
| 1750-09-21T14:00 | 24.62 | -26.12 | 362 | 1.0 | CAPE DE VERDE | S34:20E | 237 | NNW1/2W | 10.00 | -8 | VARIABLE | CALM, LIGHT AIRS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30012 | |||
| 1750-09-22T14:00 | 25.55 | -26.19 | 82 | 2.6 | CAPE DE VERDE | S32E | 253 | N | 54.00 | -8 | E | LITTLE WIND | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30013 | |||
| 1750-09-23T14:00 | 26.58 | -26.32 | 82 | 2.6 | CAPE DE VERDE | S29:40E | 272 | N1/4W | 62.00 | -8 | E | LITTLE WIND | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30014 | |||
| 1750-09-24T14:00 | 27.52 | -26.58 | 81 | 6.7 | CAPE DE VERDE | S28E | 290 | NBW | 58.00 | -9 | E | MODERATE, SOMETIMES SQUALLY | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30015 | |||
| 1750-09-25T14:00 | 28.55 | -27.15 | 81 | 6.7 | CAPE DE VERDE | S28:20E | 313 | NNW1/2W | 73.00 | -9 | E | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30016 | |||
| 1750-09-26T14:00 | 29.92 | -27.36 | 81 | 6.7 | CAPE DE VERDE | S26E | 336 | N | 82.00 | -9 | E | FIRST AND LATTER MODERATE, MIDDLE SQUALLY | SOME RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30017 | |||
| 1750-09-27T14:00 | 30.50 | -27.38 | 81 | 2.6 | CAPE DE VERDE | S25E | 351 | N1/2E | 45.00 | -9 | E | LITTLE WIND | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30018 | |||
| 1750-09-28T14:00 | 31.37 | -27.46 | 362 | 2.6 | CAPE DE VERDE | S24E | 365 | N | 42.00 | -9 | VARIABLE | LITTLE WIND | SOME RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30019 | ||
| 1750-09-29T14:00 | 31.63 | -27.25 | 362 | 2.6 | CAPE DE VERDE | SSE | 369 | NE1/4N | 21.00 | -9 | VARIABLE | LIGHT BREEZES WITH CALMS | AT 6 DARK AND CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30020 | |||
| 1750-09-30T14:00 | 32.07 | -26.69 | 329 | 2.6 | CAPE DE VERDE | S21E | 370 | NE1/2E | 10.00 | -9 | NWBW, NNW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER LITTLE WIND | GREAT RIPPLINGS | DARK AND CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30021 | ||
| 1750-10-01T14:00 | 32.45 | -25.99 | 2 | 2.6 | CAPE DE VERDE | S18:30E | 373 | NEBE1/4E | 45.00 | -9 | W ROUND-NBE | LIGHT BREEZES | SOME RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30022 | ||
| 1750-10-02T14:00 | 32.65 | -25.51 | 362 | 2.6 | CAPE DE VERDE | S17E | 376 | N62E | 20.00 | -11 | VARIABLE | LIGHT BREEZES | SOME RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30023 | ||
| 1750-10-03T14:00 | 33.52 | -24.12 | 282 | 2.6 | CAPE DE VERDE | SBE | 385 | N58E | 99.00 | -11 | NW, WNW | LITTLE WIND | SMALL RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30024 | ||
| 1750-10-04T14:00 | 34.83 | -22.81 | 225 | 26.8 | CAPE DE VERDE | S8E | 409 | N41E | 116.00 | -11 | WSW-SWBW | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER HARD GALES AND SQUALLY | MIDDLE AND LATTER RAIN | FIRST PART FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 30025 | ||
| 1750-10-05T13:00 | 36.07 | -20.69 | 236 | 6.7 | CAPE DE VERDE | S1/4E | 430 | N58E | 120.00 | -12 | WSW, WNW, WSW | STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY TILL THE MORNING, LATTER PART MODERATE | W SWELL | LATTER PART FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30026 | ||
| 1750-10-06T13:00 | 37.43 | -18.58 | 191 | 19.0 | CAPE DE VERDE | S1/4W | 450 | NEBE | 129.00 | -12 | SSE-SSW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | SHOWERS OF RAIN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30027 | |||
| 1750-10-07T13:00 | 38.38 | -16.52 | 233 | 19.0 | CAPE DE VERDE | S7W | 481 | NEBE1/4E | 119.00 | -15 | SSW, S-WSW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 30028 | ||
| 1750-10-08T13:00 | 38.50 | -16.08 | 255 | 2.6 | CAPE DE VERDE | S7:30W | 482 | EBN | 28.00 | -15 | SSW, S-W | LIGHT BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30029 | |||
| 1750-10-09T13:00 | 38.55 | -16.12 | 75 | 0.0 | CAPE DE VERDE | S7:34W | 483 | NE | 4.00 | -15 | E | CALM | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30030 | ||||
| 1750-10-10T13:00 | 38.65 | -15.44 | 120 | 2.6 | CAPE DE VERDE | S9W | 491 | EBN | 37.00 | -15 | S-W, SE | LIGHT BREEZE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30031 | |||
| 1750-10-11T13:00 | 39.18 | -13.89 | 120 | 6.7 | CAPE DE VERDE | SBW | 505 | N69E | 85.00 | -15 | SE | MODERATE | FIRST PART RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30032 | ||
| 1750-10-12T13:00 | 39.82 | -13.01 | 109 | CAPE DE VERDE | S12W | 520 | N49E | 58.00 | -15 | SE-SEBE | FIRST AND MIDDLE MODERATE | FIRST AND MIDDLE HAZY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30033 | ||||
| 1750-10-13T13:00 | 39.52 | -13.17 | 120 | 6.7 | CAPE DE VERDE | S13W | 515 | SW | 39.00 | -15 | SE | LATTER MODERATE | SOME RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30034 | ||
| 1750-10-14T13:00 | 39.93 | -11.81 | 120 | 15.4 | CAPE DE VERDE | S12W | 529 | ENE | 68.00 | -15 | SE | MODERATE GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30035 | |||
| 1750-10-15T13:00 | 40.27 | -10.99 | 75 | 15.4 | CAPE DE VERDE | SBW | 544 | ENE1/4E | 49.00 | -15 | E | MODERATE GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30036 | |||
| 1750-10-16T13:00 | 39.82 | -9.40 | 210 | 6.7 | CAPE DE VERDE | S10W | 547 | ESE | 86.00 | -15 | SW | MODERATE | SOME RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30037 |