García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during AMSTERDAM cruise from London to New York started at 1853-07-18 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.746259, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 43.903600 * Median Longitude: -32.296400 * South-bound Latitude: 39.250000 * West-bound Longitude: -72.480000 * North-bound Latitude: 52.880000 * East-bound Longitude: 4.670000
Date/Time Start: 1853-07-18T08:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-08-24T05:00:00
Event(s):
Amsterdam_18530718_E_REIS_7_P67-86 * Latitude Start: 51.470000 * Longitude Start: 1.000000 * Latitude End: 40.670000 * Longitude End: -74.040000 * Date/Time Start: 1853-07-19T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-08-24T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Amsterdam (Stoomschip), Voyage: London - New York, 1st Observer: J. Spanjaard (Kltz)
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Pressure, atmospheric | PPPP | hPa | No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude | ||
| 7 | Temperature, air | TTT | °C | |||
| 8 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 9 | - | - | 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) | |||
| 10 | Comment | Comment | Any remark, found in the logbook on this particular day, about any biological item | |||
| 11 | Comment | Comment | Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields | |||
| 12 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 13 | Wind scale reference | Wind scale ref | # | Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used | ||
| 14 | Sensor reading | Reading | arbitrary units | Reading of the (outside) air thermometer | ||
| 15 | Sensor reading | Reading | arbitrary units | Reading of the air pressure | ||
| 16 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 17 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 18 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 19 | Cloud type | Cloud type | ||||
| 20 | Cloud direction description | Cloud dir descr | ||||
| 21 | Cloud cover | Cloud cov | % | |||
| 22 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 23 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 24 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 25 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 26 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 27 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 28 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 29 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
551 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...) | 7 TTT [°C] | 8 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 9 - (1 If position is considered t...) | 10 Comment (Any remark, found in the logb...) | 11 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...) | 12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 13 Wind scale ref [#] (Name of, or reference to the ...) | 14 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...) | 15 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure) | 16 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 17 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 18 Precip descr | 19 Cloud type | 20 Cloud dir descr | 21 Cloud cov [%] | 22 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 23 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 24 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 25 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 26 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 27 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 28 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 29 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1853-07-18T08:00 | 52.88 | 4.67 | 190 | 9.3 | 1001.1 | 1 | METEOROLOGISCHE WAARNEMING, AAN BOORD VAN ZIJNDER MAJESTEITS STOOMSCHIP AMSTERDAM ONDER BEVEL VAN DEN KAPITEIN LUITENANT J. SPANJAARD LOOPENDE VAN 18 JULY TOT 10 NOVEMBER 1853. TEN 8 UUR PASSEERDEN DE UITERTON | -20 | 5 | 750.80 | 210 | 5 | V | 210 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10744 | |||||
| 1853-07-19T08:00 | 51.83 | 2.68 | 191 | 9.3 | 1017.2 | 16.9 | 1 | TELKENS IS DE DROOGE THERMOMETER OVERGENOMEN | -19 | 5 | 16.90 | 762.90 | 210 | 5 | VV | 210 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11084 | |||
| 1853-07-20T08:00 | 50.47 | 0.41 | 198 | 12.3 | 1016.0 | 16.2 | 1 | -22 | 6 | 16.20 | 762.00 | 220 | 6 | V | 220 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11085 | ||||
| 1853-07-21T00:00 | 50.33 | -2.15 | 208 | 9.3 | 1008.8 | 18.2 | 1 | -22 | 5 | 18.20 | 756.60 | 230 | 5 | VV, VVV | 200 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11086 | ||||
| 1853-07-29T00:00 | 48.82 | -6.67 | 206 | 9.3 | 1017.3 | 18.6 | -24 | 5 | 18.60 | 763.00 | 230 | 5 | REGEN | DIK | 100 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11087 | |||||
| 1853-07-30T01:00 | 47.50 | -9.03 | 254 | 6.7 | 1020.7 | 17.4 | -26 | 4 | 17.40 | 765.50 | 280 | 4 | DIK EN OPKLAREND | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11088 | ||||||
| 1853-07-31T01:00 | 46.56 | -12.80 | 224 | 4.6 | 1022.7 | 19.4 | -26 | 3 | 19.40 | 767.00 | 250 | 3 | BETROKKEN | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11089 | ||||||
| 1853-08-01T01:00 | 45.68 | -15.83 | 244 | 4.6 | 1018.7 | 20.0 | -26 | 3 | 20.00 | 764.00 | 270 | 3 | VV | 290 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11090 | |||||
| 1853-08-02T01:00 | 44.48 | -19.55 | 143 | 6.7 | 1016.0 | 19.8 | -27 | 4 | 19.80 | 762.00 | 170 | 4 | VVVVV | 290 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11091 | |||||
| 1853-08-03T02:00 | 41.83 | -22.68 | 5 | 6.7 | 1019.3 | 21.0 | -25 | 4 | 21.00 | 764.50 | 30 | 4 | VVVVV, VV | 300 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11092 | |||||
| 1853-08-04T02:00 | 40.35 | -26.33 | 75 | 4.6 | 1020.0 | 21.6 | -25 | 3 | 21.60 | 765.00 | 290-100 | 3 | VV, VVV | 240 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11093 | |||||
| 1853-08-05T02:00 | 40.20 | -27.25 | 185 | 1.0 | 1021.3 | 22.4 | -25 | 1 | 22.40 | 766.00 | 210 | 1 | VV, VVV | 200 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11094 | |||||
| 1853-08-06T00:00 | 130 | 1.0 | 1023.1 | 22.6 | 1 | ZAGEN EEN GROOT AANTAL BOEREN MET HUN VARKENS, BRUINVISSEN IN HET OOSTEN | 1 | 22.60 | 767.30 | 290-130 | 1 | BETROKKEN | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11095 | |||||||
| 1853-08-12T02:00 | 39.25 | -31.12 | 224 | 4.6 | 989.9 | 24.0 | -26 | 3 | 24.00 | 742.40 | 230-250 | 3 | V, VV | 250 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11096 | |||||
| 1853-08-13T02:00 | 40.23 | -34.15 | 265 | 2.6 | 1017.9 | 24.0 | -25 | 2 | 24.00 | 763.40 | 210-290 | 2 | VV, VVVV, ONBEWOLKT | 290 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11097 | |||||
| 1853-08-14T03:00 | 40.98 | -37.70 | 345 | 6.7 | 1017.1 | 23.2 | -25 | 4 | 23.20 | 762.80 | 220-10 | 4 | VV, VVVV, ONBEWOLKTE | 310 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11098 | |||||
| 1853-08-15T03:00 | 41.40 | -42.00 | 15 | 4.6 | 1014.7 | 22.6 | -25 | 3 | 22.60 | 761.00 | 40 | 3 | VV, VVV, ONBEWEGELIJK | 80 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11099 | |||||
| 1853-08-16T03:00 | 41.98 | -45.15 | 347 | 9.3 | 1011.2 | 22.8 | ZAGEN GROOT AANTAL BRUINVISSEN EN CACHELOTTEN | -23 | 5 | 22.80 | 758.40 | 10 | 5 | VV, VVVVV | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11100 | |||||
| 1853-08-17T03:00 | 42.10 | -48.87 | 248 | 1.0 | 1020.0 | 21.0 | -22 | 1 | 21.00 | 765.00 | 270 | 1 | ZEER HELDER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11101 | ||||||
| 1853-08-18T04:00 | 42.07 | -52.67 | 111 | 1.0 | 1018.0 | 23.6 | ZAGEN KROOS DRIJVEN | -19 | 1 | 23.60 | 763.50 | 130 | 1 | V | 10-280 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11102 | ||||
| 1853-08-19T04:00 | 42.33 | -57.03 | 231 | 1.0 | 1013.3 | 25.0 | ZAGEN KROOS DRIJVEN | -19 | 1 | 25.00 | 760.00 | 250 | 1 | VVVVV | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11103 | |||||
| 1853-08-20T04:00 | 42.13 | -59.05 | 234 | 6.7 | 1012.0 | 23.8 | -16 | 4 | 23.80 | 759.00 | 250 | 4 | VV | 80 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11104 | |||||
| 1853-08-21T04:00 | 41.65 | -61.73 | 24 | 6.7 | 1005.3 | 22.6 | ZAGEN EEN WITTE WALVISCH | -16 | 4 | 22.60 | 754.00 | 10-40 | 4 | VVVVV, BETROKKEN | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11105 | |||||
| 1853-08-22T04:00 | 41.33 | -63.35 | 357 | 1.0 | 1017.3 | 22.6 | ZAGEN EEN GROOT AANTAL BRUINVISSEN EN VOGELS | ZAGEN EEN KOMEET IN HET WNW MET DE STAART NAAR TOP GEKEERD | -13 | 1 | 22.60 | 763.00 | 10 | 1 | V, VVV | ONBEWEGELIJK | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11106 | |||
| 1853-08-23T05:00 | 40.78 | -67.58 | 241 | 1.0 | 1020.0 | 21.0 | -9 | 1 | 21.00 | 765.00 | 250 | 1 | VVVVV | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11107 | ||||||
| 1853-08-24T05:00 | 40.43 | -72.48 | 141 | 2.6 | 1020.0 | 22.0 | VUURSCHIP NY | 1 | -9 | 2 | 22.00 | 765.00 | 150 | 2 | VVVV | 150 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11108 |