Not logged in
PANGAEA.
Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science

Hein, James R; Scholl, David W (1978): Composition of bentonite-, smectite-rich- and ash beds from DSDP Leg 19 holes [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.718128

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

RIS CitationBibTeX CitationShow MapGoogle Earth

Abstract:
Late Cenozoic ash deposits cored in Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 19 in the far northwest Pacific and in the Bering Sea have altered to bentonite beds. Some bentonite layers were subsequently replaced by carbonate beds. A significant part of the Neogene volcanic history of land areas adjacent to the far north Pacific is represented by these diagenetic deposits. Bentonite beds are composed of authigenic smectite and minor amounts of clinoptilolite. Authigenic smectite has fewer illite layers than detrital smectite.
Opal-A and opal-CT, abundant in Bering Sea sediment, are not found in ash or bentonite layers. The percentage of smectite in the total clay-mineral assemblage of ash beds is greater than that for adjacent terrigenous sediment, but the total amount of clay minerals in ash sequences is less than in surrounding deposits. Morphology of the 17-Å peak of smectite found in ash may represent newly formed, poorly crystalline smectite. Smectite becomes better crystallized as bentonite layers form. The percentage of smectite of the total clay-mineral assemblage in bentonite beds is greater than that in surrounding sediment, and, in contrast to ash beds, the total amount of clay minerals (mostly smectite) in bentonite layers is greater than in adjacent terrigenous sediment. Apparently, silica is not mobilized when volcanic ash layers transform to bentonite beds.
Saponite-nontronite varieties of smectite and high Fe/Al and Ti/Al ratios distinguish bentonite beds derived from basaltic parent material from those beds formed from more silicic volcanic ash. These silicic ash beds produce bentonite composed mostly of montmorillonite. The basal sediment section at site 192 is rich with bentonite beds. Smectite in the upper part of this section (Eocene) was formed by low-temperature diagenesis of volcanic debris of intermediate or more silicic composition derived from arc or Pacific volcanoes. In contrast, smectite from the lowest 10 to 20 m of the sedimentary section (Cretaceous) is formed from either low-temperature or hydrothermal alteration of the underlying basaltic basement and associated pyroclastic debris. This near-basement smectite contains Mg and K acquired from sea water and Si, Al, Fe, Ti, and Mn released from the volcanic material.
Related to:
Hein, James R; Scholl, David W (1978): Diagenesis and distribution of late Cenozoic volcanic sediment in the southern Bering Sea. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 89(2), 197-210, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1978)89%3C197:DADOLC%3E2.0.CO;2
Project(s):
Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP)
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 54.348706 * Median Longitude: 175.084097 * South-bound Latitude: 53.009500 * West-bound Longitude: 164.713500 * North-bound Latitude: 56.945000 * East-bound Longitude: -170.923200
Date/Time Start: 1971-07-30T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1971-08-30T00:00:00
Event(s):
19-184 * Latitude: 53.710700 * Longitude: -170.923200 * Date/Time: 1971-07-30T00:00:00 * Elevation: -1910.0 m * Penetration: 601 m * Recovery: 121.7 m * Location: North Pacific/Bering Strait/PLATEAU * Campaign: Leg19 * Basis: Glomar Challenger * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 22 cores; 177 m cored; 9 m drilled; 68.8 % recovery
19-184B * Latitude: 53.710700 * Longitude: -170.923200 * Date/Time: 1971-07-30T00:00:00 * Elevation: -1910.0 m * Penetration: 973 m * Recovery: 50.2 m * Location: North Pacific/Bering Strait/PLATEAU * Campaign: Leg19 * Basis: Glomar Challenger * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 14 cores; 122 m cored; 0 m drilled; 41.1 % recovery
19-189 * Latitude: 54.035700 * Longitude: 170.223000 * Date/Time: 1971-08-18T00:00:00 * Elevation: -3437.0 m * Penetration: 871 m * Recovery: 74 m * Location: North Pacific/Bering Strait/RIDGE * Campaign: Leg19 * Basis: Glomar Challenger * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 19 cores; 165 m cored; 9 m drilled; 44.8 % recovery
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
7 datasets

Download Data

Download ZIP file containing all datasets as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

Datasets listed in this publication series

  1. Hein, JR; Scholl, DW (1978): (Table 1) Distribution of smectite and silica in sediments adjacent to and within ash beds from DSDP Hole 19-190. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.718121
  2. Hein, JR; Scholl, DW (1978): (Table 1) Distribution of smectite and silica in sediments adjacent to and within ash beds from DSDP Hole 19-192. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.718122
  3. Hein, JR; Scholl, DW (1978): (Table 2) Distribution of smectite and silica in and adjacent to bentonite and smectite-rich beds from DSDP Hole 19-184. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.718123
  4. Hein, JR; Scholl, DW (1978): (Table 2) Distribution of smectite and silica in and adjacent to bentonite and smectite-rich beds from DSDP Hole 19-184B. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.718124
  5. Hein, JR; Scholl, DW (1978): (Table 2) Distribution of smectite and silica in and adjacent to bentonite and smectite-rich beds from DSDP Hole 19-189. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.718125
  6. Hein, JR; Scholl, DW (1978): (Table 2) Distribution of smectite and silica in and adjacent to bentonite and smectite-rich beds from DSDP Hole 19-191. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.718126
  7. Hein, JR; Scholl, DW (1978): (Table 3) Fe/Al and Ti/Al ratios for smectites from DSDP Leg 19 bentonite beds. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.718127