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<gco:CharacterString>Total heavy metal concentrations and contamination/geoaccumulation indices in surface sediment at four Indus Basin barrages, Punjab, Pakistan</gco:CharacterString>
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<gco:CharacterString>This dataset reports total heavy metal concentrations (copper, cadmium, iron, lead, arsenic) in surface sediment at four barrages on the Indus Basin river system in Punjab, Pakistan - Head Sulemanki (Sutlej), Taunsa Barrage (Indus), Head Punjnad (Chenab-Sutlej confluence), and Head Islam (Sutlej) - sampled on 27 June 2026. One composite sediment sample was collected and analysed per site; no field replicates were taken, so no within-site variance or confidence interval can be attached to any single-site value. Contamination factor (CF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) are reported for copper, cadmium, and lead only, these being the three metals for which the source thesis provides an explicit background reference value (see the Reference_Values sheet); iron and arsenic are reported as concentrations only, since no comparable background value is given in the source. Sediment quality guideline quotients, TEL- and PEL-based, are additionally reported for cadmium.
This dataset is derived from "Heavy Metal Speciation in Riverbed Sediments and Trophic Transfer to Benthic Fish at Selected Barrages of Punjab", a thesis by Afifa Sehr (24-CUVAS-0082), Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan (2026). All values are transcribed verbatim from the source thesis; none has been estimated, imputed, or otherwise generated. The source thesis's methods describe a three-season sampling design, but the data reported here reflect a single sampling date only.</gco:CharacterString>
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