de.pangaea.dataset997183 und dataset PANGAEA

info@pangaea.de

https://www.pangaea.de/ information pointOfContact 2026-09-10T13:21:00Z https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.997183 2026-09-10T13:13:56 publication Ayim, Samuel M

samuel.ayim@uni-oldenburg.de

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0381-5669 information author Rauch, Carsten https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2469-6337 information author Wurl, Oliver

oliver.wurl@uol.de

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-4721 information author PANGAEA

info@pangaea.de

https://www.pangaea.de/ information publisher tableDigital During the RV Heincke cruise HE650 in the German Bight, the autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES was deployed to obtain high-resolution measurements of key climate variables, including sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS). The platform sampled the upper ocean across five depths, extending from the near-surface layer (NSL; approximately 30–100 cm depth) to the sea-surface microlayer (SML), which occupies the uppermost millimetres of the ocean. Temperature and conductivity, from which salinity was derived, were measured using conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) sensors integrated into HALOBATES' flow-through system. Additional temperature sensors mounted beneath the catamaran provided in situ observations at six NSL depths. Discrete water samples were used to calibrate the salinity measurements and account for potential sensor offsets. Meteorological conditions were simultaneously monitored using two data loggers equipped with meteorological stations installed on the catamaran. HALOBATES operated continuously during the deployment on 6th November 2024. completed Ayim, Samuel M

samuel.ayim@uni-oldenburg.de

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0381-5669 information principalInvestigator autonomous surface vehicle essential climate variables field observations German Bight near-surface layer North Sea sea-surface microlayer ship-based skin layer theme 1995-01-01 creation PANGAEA

info@pangaea.de

https://www.pangaea.de/ information pointOfContact copyright copyright CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International textTable und geoscientificInformation 7.95 8.0159 54.1755 54.187 2024-11-06T08:26:00 2024-11-06T14:50:00 This data collection was supported by the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg. The dataset comprises observations acquired by the autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES during RV Heincke cruise HE650 in the German Bight, North Sea, on 6th November 2024. HALOBATES obtained conductivity and temperature measurements at multiple depths using CTD sensors integrated into a pumped flow-through system. Measurements of the sea-surface microlayer (SML), representing the uppermost millimetre of the ocean, were obtained using six partially submerged rotating glass discs, from which water was pumped to a dedicated CTD. Water from the near surface sampling depths was collected through intake tubes mounted on a ladder at the bow of the catamaran, providing measurements at depths of 30, 40, 60 and 100 cm. Meteorological conditions were monitored by onboard weather stations, which measured variables including wind speed, air temperature and relative humidity. Two data loggers simultaneously recorded the meteorological observations and the GPS position of HALOBATES. The vehicle supported both manual operation and autonomous navigation. During station-based measurements, it could either drift passively with surface currents when the autopilot was disengaged or follow predetermined trajectories under autopilot control. Quality-control flags ranging from 0 to 4 are provided, with their definitions documented in the metadata of the main data file. Observations assigned flags 1 and 2 are considered suitable for scientific use. Event label thematicClassification DATE/TIME thematicClassification CR1000X Datalaogger, Campbell Scientific Location thematicClassification Country thematicClassification LATITUDE thematicClassification GPS, Garmin, 16s LONGITUDE thematicClassification GPS, Garmin, 16s Pressure, atmospheric physicalMeasurement Weather station, Campbell Scientific, METSENS550; barometric pressure at 2 meters hPa hPa Humidity, relative physicalMeasurement Weather station, Campbell Scientific, METSENS550; at 2 meters % % Temperature, air physicalMeasurement Weather station, Campbell Scientific, METSENS550; at 2 meters °C °C Dew/frost point physicalMeasurement Weather station, Campbell Scientific, METSENS550; at 2 meters °C °C Wind speed at 2 m height physicalMeasurement Weather station, Campbell Scientific, METSENS550 m/s m/s Wind speed at 10 m height physicalMeasurement Weather station, Campbell Scientific, METSENS550; true wind speed scaled to 10 meters; Logarithmic scaling for U10 m/s m/s Wind direction, true physicalMeasurement Weather station, Campbell Scientific, METSENS550; at 2 meters deg deg Temperature, technical physicalMeasurement UV-A sensor, Apogee Instruments, SU-200-SS Series; panel temperature at 2 meters °C °C Temperature, water physicalMeasurement CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310; sea surface microlayer (SML) °C °C Conductivity physicalMeasurement CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310; sea surface microlayer (SML) mS/cm mS/cm Salinity thematicClassification CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310; sea surface microlayer (SML) Salinity, absolute physicalMeasurement CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310; sea surface microlayer (SML) g/kg g/kg Temperature, water physicalMeasurement CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310; 30 cm depth °C °C Conductivity physicalMeasurement CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310; 30 cm depth mS/cm mS/cm Salinity thematicClassification CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310; 30 cm depth Salinity, absolute physicalMeasurement CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310; 30 cm depth g/kg g/kg Temperature, water physicalMeasurement CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310; 40 cm depth °C °C Conductivity physicalMeasurement CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310; 40 cm depth mS/cm mS/cm Salinity thematicClassification CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310; 40 cm depth Salinity, absolute physicalMeasurement CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310; 40 cm depth g/kg g/kg Temperature, water physicalMeasurement CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310; 60 cm depth °C °C Conductivity physicalMeasurement CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310; 60 cm depth mS/cm mS/cm Salinity thematicClassification CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310; 60 cm depth Salinity, absolute physicalMeasurement CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310; 60 cm depth g/kg g/kg Temperature, water physicalMeasurement CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310; 100 cm depth °C °C Conductivity physicalMeasurement CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310; 100 cm depth mS/cm mS/cm Salinity thematicClassification CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310; 100 cm depth Salinity, absolute physicalMeasurement CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310; 100 cm depth g/kg g/kg Temperature, water physicalMeasurement Temperature Sensor, RBR Solo³; 30 cm °C °C Temperature, water physicalMeasurement Temperature Sensor, RBR Solo³; 40 cm °C °C Temperature, water physicalMeasurement Temperature Sensor, RBR Solo³; 50 cm °C °C Temperature, water physicalMeasurement Temperature Sensor, RBR Solo³; 60 cm °C °C Temperature, water physicalMeasurement Temperature Sensor, RBR Solo³; 85 cm °C °C Temperature, water physicalMeasurement T.D, RBR, RBRduet³; 100 cm °C °C Pressure, water physicalMeasurement T.D, RBR, RBRduet³; 100 cm dbar dbar Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation, minimum physicalMeasurement Pyranometer, Kipp & Zonen, SMP6; spectral range (0.285-2.8) x 10E-6 m, at a height of 200 cm above the sea surface W/m**2 W/m**2 Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation, maximum physicalMeasurement Pyranometer, Kipp & Zonen, SMP6; spectral range (0.285-2.8) x 10E-6 m, at a height of 200 cm above the sea surface W/m**2 W/m**2 Temperature, air, minimum physicalMeasurement Pyranometer, Kipp & Zonen, SMP6; sensor SMP6, at 200 cm above the sea surface °C °C Temperature, air, maximum physicalMeasurement Pyranometer, Kipp & Zonen, SMP6; sensor SMP6, at 200 cm above the sea surface °C °C Temperature, air, minimum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 2, at 150 cm above the sea surface °C °C Temperature, air, maximum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 2, at 150 cm above the sea surface °C °C Humidity, relative, minimum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 2, at 150 cm above the sea surface % % Humidity, relative, maximum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 2, at 150 cm above the sea surface % % Dew/frost point, minimum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 2, at 150 cm above the sea surface °C °C Dew/frost point maximum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 2, at 150 cm above the sea surface °C °C Temperature, air, minimum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 3, at 50 cm above the sea surface °C °C Temperature, air, maximum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 3, at 50 cm above the sea surface °C °C Temperature, air, minimum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 4, at 100 cm above the sea surface °C °C Temperature, air, maximum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 4, at 100 cm above the sea surface °C °C Humidity, relative, minimum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 4, at 100 cm above the sea surface % % Humidity, relative, maximum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 4, at 100 cm above the sea surface % % Dew/frost point, minimum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 4, at 100 cm above the sea surface °C °C Dew/frost point maximum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 4, at 100 cm above the sea surface °C °C Temperature, air, minimum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 5, at 200 cm above the sea surface °C °C Temperature, air, maximum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 5, at 200 cm above the sea surface °C °C Humidity, relative, minimum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 5, at 200 cm above the sea surface % % Humidity, relative, maximum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 5, at 200 cm above the sea surface % % Dew/frost point, minimum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 5, at 200 cm above the sea surface °C °C Dew/frost point maximum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 5, at 200 cm above the sea surface °C °C Wind speed, minimum physicalMeasurement Weather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS); at 200 cm above the sea surface m/s m/s Wind speed, maximum physicalMeasurement Weather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS); at 200 cm above the sea surface m/s m/s Wind direction, minimum physicalMeasurement Weather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS); at 200 cm above the sea surface deg deg Wind direction, maximum physicalMeasurement Weather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS); at 200 cm above the sea surface deg deg Temperature, air, minimum physicalMeasurement Weather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS); at 200 cm above the sea surface °C °C Temperature, air, maximum physicalMeasurement Weather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS); at 200 cm above the sea surface °C °C Humidity, relative, minimum physicalMeasurement Weather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS); at 200 cm above the sea surface % % Humidity, relative, maximum physicalMeasurement Weather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS); at 200 cm above the sea surface % % Pressure, atmospheric, minimum physicalMeasurement Weather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS); at 200 cm above the sea surface hPa hPa Pressure, atmospheric, maximum physicalMeasurement Weather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS); at 200 cm above the sea surface hPa hPa Humidity, relative, minimum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 3, at 50 cm above the sea surface % % Humidity, relative, maximum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 3, at 50 cm above the sea surface % % Dew/frost point, minimum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 3, at 50 cm above the sea surface °C °C Dew/frost point maximum physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 3, at 50 cm above the sea surface °C °C Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation physicalMeasurement Pyranometer, Kipp & Zonen, SMP6; sverage; spectral range (0.285-2.8) x 10E-6 m; at 200 cm above the sea surface W/m**2 W/m**2 Temperature, technical physicalMeasurement Pyranometer, Kipp & Zonen, SMP6; sverage internal temperature of the SMP6; at 200 cm above the sea surface °C °C Temperature, air physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 2, at a height of 150 cm above the sea surface, average °C °C Humidity, relative physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 2, at a height of 150 cm above the sea surface, average % % Dew/frost point physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 2, at a height of 150 cm above the sea surface, average °C °C Temperature, air physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 3, at a height of 50 cm above the sea surface, average °C °C Humidity, relative physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 3, at a height of 50 cm above the sea surface, average % % Dew/frost point physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 3, at a height of 50 cm above the sea surface, average °C °C Temperature, air physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 4, at a height of 100 cm above the sea surface, average °C °C Humidity, relative physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 4, at a height of 100 cm above the sea surface, average % % Dew/frost point physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 4, at a height of 100 cm above the sea surface, average °C °C Temperature, air physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 5, at a height of 200 cm above the sea surface, average °C °C Humidity, relative physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 5, at a height of 200 cm above the sea surface, average % % Dew/frost point physicalMeasurement Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima; sensor 5, at a height of 200 cm above the sea surface, average °C °C Wind speed physicalMeasurement Weather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS); at 200 cm above the sea surface, average m/s m/s Wind direction physicalMeasurement Weather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS); at 200 cm above the sea surface, average deg deg Temperature, air physicalMeasurement Weather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS); at 200 cm above the sea surface, average °C °C Humidity, relative physicalMeasurement Weather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS); at 200 cm above the sea surface, average % % Pressure, atmospheric physicalMeasurement Weather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS); at 200 cm above the sea surface, average hPa hPa Quality flag thematicClassification Campbell air temperature Quality flag thematicClassification Campbell panel temperature Quality flag thematicClassification Campbell relative humidity Quality flag thematicClassification CTD conductivity 100cm Quality flag thematicClassification CTD temperature 100cm Quality flag thematicClassification CTD conductivity SML Quality flag thematicClassification CTD temperature SML Quality flag thematicClassification CTD conductivity 40cm Quality flag thematicClassification CTD temperature 40cm Quality flag thematicClassification CTD conductivity 30cm Quality flag thematicClassification CTD temperature 30cm Quality flag thematicClassification CTD conductivity 60cm Quality flag thematicClassification CTD temperature 60cm Quality flag thematicClassification RBR temperature 30cm Quality flag thematicClassification RBR temperature 40cm Quality flag thematicClassification RBR temperature 50cm Quality flag thematicClassification RBR temperature 60cm Quality flag thematicClassification RBR temperature 85cm Quality flag thematicClassification RBR temperature 100cm Quality flag thematicClassification Thies temperature SMP6 MIN Quality flag thematicClassification Thies temperature SMP6 MAX Quality flag thematicClassification Thies temperature 2 MIN Quality flag thematicClassification Thies temperature 2 MAX Quality flag thematicClassification Thies temperature 3 MIN Quality flag thematicClassification Thies temperature 3 MAX Quality flag thematicClassification Thies temperature 4 MIN Quality flag thematicClassification Thies temperature 4 MAX Quality flag thematicClassification Thies temperature 5 MIN Quality flag thematicClassification Thies temperature 5 MAX Quality flag thematicClassification Thies temperature CUS MIN Quality flag thematicClassification Thies temperature CUS MAX Quality flag thematicClassification Thies relative humidity 2 MIN Quality flag thematicClassification Thies relative humidity 2 MAX Quality flag thematicClassification Thies relative humidity 4 MIN Quality flag thematicClassification Thies relative humidity 4 MAX Quality flag thematicClassification Thies relative humidity 5 MIN Quality flag thematicClassification Thies relative humidity 5 MAX Quality flag thematicClassification Thies relative humidity CUS MIN Quality flag thematicClassification Thies relative humidity CUS MAX Quality flag thematicClassification Thies relative humidity 3 MIN Quality flag thematicClassification Thies relative humidity 3 MAX Quality flag thematicClassification Thies temperature SMP6 AVG Quality flag thematicClassification Thies temperature 2 AVG Quality flag thematicClassification Thies temperature 3 AVG Quality flag thematicClassification Thies temperature 4 AVG Quality flag thematicClassification Thies temperature 5 AVG Quality flag thematicClassification Thies temperature CUS AVG Quality flag thematicClassification Thies relative humidity 2 AVG Quality flag thematicClassification Thies relative humidity 3 AVG Quality flag thematicClassification Thies relative humidity 4 AVG Quality flag thematicClassification Thies relative humidity 5 AVG Quality flag thematicClassification Thies relative humidity CUS AVG text/tab-separated-values unknown https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.997183?format=textfile download dataset The data set was checked for completeness, correctness, and consistency of metainformation. Validity of used methods was checked and - if applicable - precision and range of data. EVENT LABEL: HE650_2-1 * LATITUDE START: 54.185257 * LONGITUDE START: 7.951365 * LATITUDE END: 54.182365 * LONGITUDE END: 8.015703 * DATE/TIME START: 2024-11-06T08:22:54 * DATE/TIME END: 2024-11-06T14:58:34 * ELEVATION START: -16.0 m * ELEVATION END: -24.0 m * LOCATION: North Sea * CAMPAIGN: HE650 * BASIS: Heincke * METHOD/DEVICE: CATAMARAN boat in water; boat on deck 2024-11-06T08:22:54