PANGAEA_997183 High-resolution measurements of essential climate variables in the North Sea from the autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES during RV Heincke cruise HE650 Ayim, Samuel M; Rauch, Carsten; Wurl, Oliver High-resolution measurements of essential climate variables in the North Sea from the autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES during RV Heincke cruise HE650 2026-09-10 PANGAEA Dataset https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.997183 Investigator Samuel M Ayim samuel.ayim@uni-oldenburg.de Earth Science Event label DATE/TIME Location Country LATITUDE LONGITUDE Pressure, atmospheric Humidity, relative Temperature, air Dew/frost point Wind speed at 2 m height Wind speed at 10 m height Wind direction, true Temperature, technical Temperature, water Conductivity Salinity Salinity, absolute Pressure, water Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation, minimum Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation, maximum Temperature, air, minimum Temperature, air, maximum Humidity, relative, minimum Humidity, relative, maximum Dew/frost point, minimum Dew/frost point maximum Wind speed, minimum Wind speed, maximum Wind direction, minimum Wind direction, maximum Pressure, atmospheric, minimum Pressure, atmospheric, maximum Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation Wind speed Wind direction Quality flag geoscientificInformation autonomous surface vehicle CATAMARAN essential climate variables field observations German Bight HE650 HE650_2-1 near-surface layer North Sea sea-surface microlayer ship-based skin layer CR1000X Datalaogger, Campbell Scientific GPS, Garmin, 16s Weather station, Campbell Scientific, METSENS550 UV-A sensor, Apogee Instruments, SU-200-SS Series CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310 Temperature Sensor, RBR Solo³ T.D, RBR, RBRduet³ Pyranometer, Kipp & Zonen, SMP6 Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima Weather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS) Heincke 2024-11-06 2024-11-06 Complete 54.1755 54.187 7.95 8.0159 unrestricted CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International English PANGAEA Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science https://www.pangaea.de/ Data Center Contact Michael Diepenbroek info@pangaea.de

Leobener Str.

Bremen Bremen 28359 Germany online 990544 data points text/tab-separated-values

During the RV Heincke cruise HE650 in the German Bight, the autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES was deployed to obtain high-resolution measurements of key climate variables, including sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS). The platform sampled the upper ocean across five depths, extending from the near-surface layer (NSL; approximately 30–100 cm depth) to the sea-surface microlayer (SML), which occupies the uppermost millimetres of the ocean. Temperature and conductivity, from which salinity was derived, were measured using conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) sensors integrated into HALOBATES' flow-through system. Additional temperature sensors mounted beneath the catamaran provided in situ observations at six NSL depths. Discrete water samples were used to calibrate the salinity measurements and account for potential sensor offsets. Meteorological conditions were simultaneously monitored using two data loggers equipped with meteorological stations installed on the catamaran. HALOBATES operated continuously during the deployment on 6th November 2024. ** For all details see the full metadata description at "https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.997183"! ** This data collection was supported by the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg. The dataset comprises observations acquired by the autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES during RV Heincke cruise HE650 in the German Bight, North Sea, on 6th November 2024. HALOBATES obtained conductivity and temperature measurements at multiple depths using CTD sensors integrated into a pumped flow-through system. Measurements of the sea-surface microlayer (SML), representing the uppermost millimetre of the ocean, were obtained using six partially submerged rotating glass discs, from which water was pumped to a dedicated CTD. Water from the near surface sampling depths was collected through intake tubes mounted on a ladder at the bow of the catamaran, providing measurements at depths of 30, 40, 60 and 100 cm. Meteorological conditions were monitored by onboard weather stations, which measured variables including wind speed, air temperature and relative humidity. Two data loggers simultaneously recorded the meteorological observations and the GPS position of HALOBATES. The vehicle supported both manual operation and autonomous navigation. During station-based measurements, it could either drift passively with surface currents when the autopilot was disengaged or follow predetermined trajectories under autopilot control. Quality-control flags ranging from 0 to 4 are provided, with their definitions documented in the metadata of the main data file. Observations assigned flags 1 and 2 are considered suitable for scientific use.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6709 LATITUDE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6709 LONGITUDE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601 DATE/TIME http://www.teos-10.org Salinity, absolute https://doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-3-164 Heincke https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductivity Conductivity DIF 9.4 2026-09-10 2026-09-10