PANGAEA_997029 High-resolution measurements of essential climate variables in the North Sea from the autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES during RV Heincke cruise HE626/2 Ayim, Samuel M; Cortés-Espinoza, Edgar Fernando; Jaeger, Leonie; Holthusen, Lina Aleke; Lehners, Carola; López-Puertas, Ander; Wüst, Alisa; Wurl, Oliver High-resolution measurements of essential climate variables in the North Sea from the autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES during RV Heincke cruise HE626/2 2026-09-10 PANGAEA Dataset https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.997029 Investigator Samuel M Ayim samuel.ayim@uni-oldenburg.de Investigator Edgar Fernando Cortés-Espinoza edgar.fernando.cortes.espinoza@uni-oldenburg.de Investigator Leonie Jaeger leonie.jaeger@uni-oldenburg.de Earth Science Event label DATE/TIME Location Country LATITUDE LONGITUDE Pressure, atmospheric Humidity, relative Temperature, air Dew/frost point Wind speed at 2 m height Wind speed at 10 m height Wind direction, true Ultraviolet-a global Temperature, technical Temperature, water Conductivity Salinity Salinity, absolute pH Pressure, water Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation Short-wave upward (REFLEX) radiation Short-wave net radiation Long-wave downward radiation Long-wave upward radiation Long-wave net radiation Net radiation Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation, minimum Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation, maximum Temperature, air, minimum Temperature, air, maximum Humidity, relative, minimum Humidity, relative, maximum Dew/frost point, minimum Dew/frost point maximum Wind speed, minimum Wind speed, maximum Wind direction, minimum Wind direction, maximum Pressure, atmospheric, minimum Pressure, atmospheric, maximum Wind speed Wind direction Quality flag geoscientificInformation autonomous surface vehicle CATAMARAN essential climate variables field observations HE626/2 HE626/2_12-12 HE626/2_12-3 HE626/2_5-4 Heincke near-surface layer North Sea sea-surface microlayer ship-based CR1000X Datalaogger, Campbell Scientific GPS, Garmin, 16s Weather station, Campbell Scientific, METSENS550 UV-A sensor, Apogee Instruments, SU-200-SS Series CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310 Temperature Sensor, RBR Solo³ T.D, RBR, RBRduet³ Pyranometer, Hukseflux, SR20-D2 Calculated Pyrgeometer, Hukseflux, IR20 Pyranometer, Kipp & Zonen, SMP6 Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Clima Weather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS) Heincke 2023-10-28 2023-10-31 Complete 53.863 54.11681666666667 7.565166666666666 7.977333333333333 access rights needed CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (License comes into effect after moratorium ends) English PANGAEA Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science https://www.pangaea.de/ Data Center Contact Michael Diepenbroek info@pangaea.de

Leobener Str.

Bremen Bremen 28359 Germany online 1784419 data points text/tab-separated-values Ayim, Samuel M; Gassen, Lisa; Ribas-Ribas, Mariana; Wurl, Oliver (2025): Skin Temperature of the North Sea from an Autonomous Surface Vehicle Compared to Remote Sensing Observation. Remote Sensing, 17(24), 4056, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17244056 Ayim, Samuel M; Jaeger, Leonie; Gassen, Lisa; Wurl, Oliver (2026): Evaluating Satellite and Model Sea Surface Salinity With in Situ Observation from an Autonomous Surface Vehicle. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 19, 20531-20544, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3702896

During the RV Heincke cruise HE626/2 in the German Bight, the autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES was deployed to obtain high-resolution measurements of key climate variables, including sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS). The platform sampled the upper ocean across seven depths, with approximately 10 cm vertical spacing, extending from the near-surface layer (NSL; approximately 30–100 cm depth) to the sea-surface microlayer (SML), which occupies the uppermost millimetres of the ocean. Temperature and conductivity, from which salinity was derived, were measured using conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) sensors integrated into HALOBATES' flow-through system. Additional temperature sensors mounted beneath the catamaran provided in situ observations at six NSL depths. Discrete water samples were used to calibrate the salinity measurements and account for potential sensor offsets. Meteorological conditions were simultaneously monitored using two data loggers equipped with meteorological stations installed on the catamaran. HALOBATES operated continuously during the deployment period from 27 October to 2 November 2023. ** For all details see the full metadata description at "https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.997029"!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6709 LATITUDE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6709 LONGITUDE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601 DATE/TIME http://www.teos-10.org Salinity, absolute https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3702896 Evaluating Satellite and Model Sea Surface Salinity With in Situ Observation from an Autonomous Surface Vehicle https://doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-3-164 Heincke https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17244056 Skin Temperature of the North Sea from an Autonomous Surface Vehicle Compared to Remote Sensing Observation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductivity Conductivity DIF 9.4 2026-09-10 2026-09-10