https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.997029Ayim, Samuel MSamuel MAyim0009-0007-0381-5669Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgCortés-Espinoza, Edgar FernandoEdgar FernandoCortés-Espinoza0009-0002-5744-908XInstitute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgJaeger, LeonieLeonieJaeger0000-0003-4810-1217Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgHolthusen, Lina AlekeLina AlekeHolthusenInstitute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgLehners, CarolaCarolaLehnersInstitute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgLópez-Puertas, AnderAnderLópez-Puertas0009-0007-9930-5769Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgWüst, AlisaAlisaWüstInstitute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgWurl, OliverOliverWurl0000-0002-0905-4721Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgPANGAEA2026autonomous surface vehicleessential climate variablesfield observationsHeinckenear-surface layerNorth Seasea-surface microlayership-basedEvent labelDATE/TIMELocationCountryLATITUDELONGITUDEPressure, atmosphericHumidity, relativeTemperature, airDew/frost pointWind speed at 2 m heightWind speed at 10 m heightWind direction, trueUltraviolet-a globalTemperature, technicalTemperature, waterConductivitySalinitySalinity, absolutepHPressure, waterShort-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiationShort-wave upward (REFLEX) radiationShort-wave net radiationLong-wave downward radiationLong-wave upward radiationLong-wave net radiationNet radiationShort-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation, minimumShort-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation, maximumTemperature, air, minimumTemperature, air, maximumHumidity, relative, minimumHumidity, relative, maximumDew/frost point, minimumDew/frost point maximumWind speed, minimumWind speed, maximumWind direction, minimumWind direction, maximumPressure, atmospheric, minimumPressure, atmospheric, maximumWind speedWind directionQuality flagCATAMARANCR1000X Datalaogger, Campbell ScientificGPS, Garmin, 16sWeather station, Campbell Scientific, METSENS550UV-A sensor, Apogee Instruments, SU-200-SS SeriesCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310Temperature Sensor, RBR Solo³T.D, RBR, RBRduet³Pyranometer, Hukseflux, SR20-D2CalculatedPyrgeometer, Hukseflux, IR20Pyranometer, Kipp & Zonen, SMP6Hygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies ClimaWeather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS)HE626/2Heincke2023-10-28T08:45:00/2023-10-31T11:43:00Dataset10.3390/rs1724405610.1109/JSTARS.2026.37028961784419 data pointstext/tab-separated-valuesCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalData access is restricted (moratorium, sensitive data, license constraints)During the RV Heincke cruise HE626/2 in the German Bight, the autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES was deployed to obtain high-resolution measurements of key climate variables, including sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS). The platform sampled the upper ocean across seven depths, with approximately 10 cm vertical spacing, extending from the near-surface layer (NSL; approximately 30–100 cm depth) to the sea-surface microlayer (SML), which occupies the uppermost millimetres of the ocean. Temperature and conductivity, from which salinity was derived, were measured using conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) sensors integrated into HALOBATES' flow-through system. Additional temperature sensors mounted beneath the catamaran provided in situ observations at six NSL depths. Discrete water samples were used to calibrate the salinity measurements and account for potential sensor offsets. Meteorological conditions were simultaneously monitored using two data loggers equipped with meteorological stations installed on the catamaran. HALOBATES operated continuously during the deployment period from 27 October to 2 November 2023.7.5651666666666667.97733333333333353.86354.11681666666667North SeaVolkswagen Foundationhttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100001663VWZN3680NorthSat-X