/* DATA DESCRIPTION: Citation: Yousavich, David; Diamond, Charles; Hung, Caroline; Vetushko, George; Peng, Xuefeng; Lyons, Timothy W; Treude, Tina (2026): Salton Sea 2020-2023 Water Column Geochemistry [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.996714 (DOI registration in progress) Abstract: The following dataset includes water column geochemistry for the Salton Sea, a rapidly drying inland lake in California's Coachella Valley. These measurements were conducted to assess how rapid desiccation, a similar phenomenon happening to inland lakes globally, is affecting biogeochemical cycling in the lake (Yousavich et al., 2026). All measurements were conducted between 2020 and 2023, with samples collected aboard a small boat during five sampling campaigns (January 2020, August 2020, August 2021, September 2021, and November 2023). Water column samples were collected with either a Niskin bottle (2020-2022) or a peristaltic pump (2023). Water column physiochemical parameters (e.g., conductivity, temperature) and dissolved oxygen content were measured with a YSI EXO2 multi-parameter sonde. Keyword(s): Geochemistry; Lake; sulfate reduction rates Related to: Yousavich, David; Diamond, Charles; Hung, Caroline; Vetushko, George; Peng, Xuefeng; Lyons, Timothy W; Treude, Tina (2026): Biogeochemical processes in a rapidly drying inland lake, the Salton Sea. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 102884, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2026.102884 Funding: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (URI: http://www.nasa.gov/), grant/award no. 80NSSC21K0594: Alternative Earths – How to Build and Sustain a Detectable Biosphere (URI: https://science.nasa.gov/astrobiology/researchers/funded-research/icar/) Coverage: MEDIAN LATITUDE: 33.266545 * MEDIAN LONGITUDE: -115.748000 * SOUTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 33.260000 * WEST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -115.960000 * NORTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 33.440000 * EAST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -115.740000 DATE/TIME START: 2020-01-08T00:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 2023-11-16T00:00:00 MINIMUM DEPTH, water: 0.2 m * MAXIMUM DEPTH, water: 10.6 m Event(s): SaltonSea_Aug20 * LATITUDE: 33.260000 * LONGITUDE: -115.740000 * DATE/TIME: 2020-08-11T00:00:00 SaltonSea_Aug21 * LATITUDE: 33.260000 * LONGITUDE: -115.740000 * DATE/TIME: 2021-08-24T00:00:00 SaltonSea_Jan20 * LATITUDE: 33.260000 * LONGITUDE: -115.740000 * DATE/TIME: 2020-01-08T00:00:00 SaltonSea_Nov23 * LATITUDE: 33.440000 * LONGITUDE: -115.960000 * DATE/TIME: 2023-11-16T00:00:00 SaltonSea_Sep21 * LATITUDE: 33.260000 * LONGITUDE: -115.740000 * DATE/TIME: 2021-09-22T00:00:00 Parameter(s): Event label (Event) * PI: Yousavich, David (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-9019, yousavdj@ucla.edu) Sample code/label (Sample label) * PI: Yousavich, David (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-9019, yousavdj@ucla.edu) LATITUDE (Latitude) * GEOCODE * PI: Yousavich, David (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-9019, yousavdj@ucla.edu) LONGITUDE (Longitude) * GEOCODE * PI: Yousavich, David (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-9019, yousavdj@ucla.edu) DEPTH, water [m] (Depth water) * GEOCODE * PI: Yousavich, David (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-9019, yousavdj@ucla.edu) * METHOD/DEVICE: Calculated average/mean values Depth, water, top/minimum [m] (Depth water top) * PI: Yousavich, David (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-9019, yousavdj@ucla.edu) Depth, water, bottom/maximum [m] (Depth water bot) * PI: Yousavich, David (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-9019, yousavdj@ucla.edu) DATE/TIME (Date/Time) * GEOCODE * PI: Yousavich, David (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-9019, yousavdj@ucla.edu) Nitrate [µmol/l] ([NO3]-) * PI: Yousavich, David (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-9019, yousavdj@ucla.edu) * METHOD/DEVICE: Spectrophotometer Shimadzu UV-1800 Nitrite [µmol/l] ([NO2]-) * PI: Yousavich, David (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-9019, yousavdj@ucla.edu) * METHOD/DEVICE: Spectrophotometer Shimadzu UV-1800 Ammonium [µmol/l] ([NH4]+) * PI: Yousavich, David (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-9019, yousavdj@ucla.edu) * METHOD/DEVICE: Spectrophotometer Shimadzu UV-1800 Phosphate [µmol/l] ([PO4]3-) * PI: Yousavich, David (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-9019, yousavdj@ucla.edu) * METHOD/DEVICE: Spectrophotometer Shimadzu UV-1800 Iron 2+ [µmol/l] (Fe2+) * PI: Yousavich, David (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-9019, yousavdj@ucla.edu) * METHOD/DEVICE: Spectrophotometer Shimadzu UV-1800 Sulfide [µmol/l] (S2-) * PI: Yousavich, David (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-9019, yousavdj@ucla.edu) * METHOD/DEVICE: Spectrophotometer Shimadzu UV-1800 Sulfate [mmol/l] ([SO4]2-) * PI: Yousavich, David (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-9019, yousavdj@ucla.edu) * METHOD/DEVICE: Ion chromatograph, Metrohm, Compact IC 761 Chloride [mmol/l] (Cl-) * PI: Yousavich, David (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-9019, yousavdj@ucla.edu) * METHOD/DEVICE: Ion chromatograph, Metrohm, Compact IC 761 Methane [nmol/l] (CH4) * PI: Yousavich, David (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-9019, yousavdj@ucla.edu) * METHOD/DEVICE: Gas chromatograph, GC-2014, Shimadzu; coupled with Haysep D column and a flame ionization detector Conductivity [µS/cm] (Cond) * PI: Diamond, Charles (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9490-9746, charles.diamond@ucr.edu) * METHOD/DEVICE: Multiparameter probe, YSI Xylem Inc., EXO2 (URI: https://www.ysi.com/exo2) Oxidation reduction (RedOx) potential [mV] (Eh) * PI: Diamond, Charles (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9490-9746, charles.diamond@ucr.edu) * METHOD/DEVICE: Multiparameter probe, YSI Xylem Inc., EXO2 (URI: https://www.ysi.com/exo2) Chlorophyll a [RFU] (Chl a) * PI: Diamond, Charles (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9490-9746, charles.diamond@ucr.edu) * METHOD/DEVICE: Multiparameter probe, YSI Xylem Inc., EXO2 (URI: https://www.ysi.com/exo2) Total dissolved solids [mg/l] (TDS) * PI: Diamond, Charles (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9490-9746, charles.diamond@ucr.edu) * METHOD/DEVICE: Multiparameter probe, YSI Xylem Inc., EXO2 (URI: https://www.ysi.com/exo2) Turbidity (Formazin nephelometric unit) [FNU] (Turbidity) * PI: Diamond, Charles (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9490-9746, charles.diamond@ucr.edu) * METHOD/DEVICE: Multiparameter probe, YSI Xylem Inc., EXO2 (URI: https://www.ysi.com/exo2) Oxygen, dissolved [µmol/l] (DO) * PI: Diamond, Charles (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9490-9746, charles.diamond@ucr.edu) * METHOD/DEVICE: Multiparameter probe, YSI Xylem Inc., EXO2 (URI: https://www.ysi.com/exo2) Temperature, water [°C] (Temp) * PI: Diamond, Charles (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9490-9746, charles.diamond@ucr.edu) * METHOD/DEVICE: Multiparameter probe, YSI Xylem Inc., EXO2 (URI: https://www.ysi.com/exo2) pH (pH) * PI: Diamond, Charles (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9490-9746, charles.diamond@ucr.edu) * METHOD/DEVICE: Multiparameter probe, YSI Xylem Inc., EXO2 (URI: https://www.ysi.com/exo2) License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Status: Curation Level: Enhanced curation (URI: https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/Curation_levels) Size: 514 data points */ Event Sample label Latitude Longitude Depth water [m] Depth water top [m] Depth water bot [m] Date/Time [NO3]- [µmol/l] [NO2]- [µmol/l] [NH4]+ [µmol/l] [PO4]3- [µmol/l] Fe2+ [µmol/l] S2- [µmol/l] [SO4]2- [mmol/l] Cl- [mmol/l] CH4 [nmol/l] Cond [µS/cm] Eh [mV] Chl a [RFU] TDS [mg/l] Turbidity [FNU] DO [µmol/l] Temp [°C] pH SaltonSea_Jan20 Niskin012020 33.26 -115.74 1.0 0 10.5 2020-01-08 6.3 1.8 2.3 163.0 SaltonSea_Jan20 Niskin012020 33.26 -115.74 10.5 0 10.5 2020-01-08 5.5 1.4 1.4 166.0 SaltonSea_Aug20 Sonde082020 33.26 -115.74 0.2 0 10.5 2020-08-11 93442.8 37.4 1.66 53646.0 1.33 171.900 31.3 8.10 SaltonSea_Aug20 Sonde082020 33.26 -115.74 0.8 0 10.5 2020-08-11 91755.2 36.5 4.84 53522.0 1.77 203.800 30.7 8.20 SaltonSea_Aug20 Niskin082020 33.26 -115.74 1.0 0 10.5 2020-08-11 1.3 167.7 811.3 SaltonSea_Aug20 Sonde082020 33.26 -115.74 1.7 0 10.5 2020-08-11 91223.5 37.6 4.35 53516.0 1.83 199.400 30.6 8.20 SaltonSea_Aug20 Sonde082020 33.26 -115.74 2.7 0 10.5 2020-08-11 90949.9 38.5 3.77 53514.0 1.72 175.000 30.5 8.20 SaltonSea_Aug20 Sonde082020 33.26 -115.74 3.7 0 10.5 2020-08-11 90599.5 39.1 3.37 53526.0 1.61 134.700 30.4 8.10 SaltonSea_Aug20 Sonde082020 33.26 -115.74 4.7 0 10.5 2020-08-11 90035.9 35.3 2.77 53471.0 1.49 46.900 30.0 8.10 SaltonSea_Aug20 Sonde082020 33.26 -115.74 5.5 0 10.5 2020-08-11 89974.3 34.0 2.35 53476.0 1.45 43.100 29.9 8.10 SaltonSea_Aug20 Sonde082020 33.26 -115.74 6.5 0 10.5 2020-08-11 89893.8 32.1 2.01 53475.0 1.38 30.600 29.8 8.10 SaltonSea_Aug20 Niskin082020 33.26 -115.74 7.0 0 10.5 2020-08-11 2.7 171.1 828.1 SaltonSea_Aug20 Sonde082020 33.26 -115.74 7.5 0 10.5 2020-08-11 89884.8 31.3 1.73 53488.0 1.32 35.900 29.8 8.10 SaltonSea_Aug20 Sonde082020 33.26 -115.74 8.5 0 10.5 2020-08-11 89848.3 30.1 1.76 53483.0 1.35 32.200 29.8 8.10 SaltonSea_Aug20 Sonde082020 33.26 -115.74 9.5 0 10.5 2020-08-11 89189.8 -261.6 1.37 53455.0 5.19 1.900 29.5 8.10 SaltonSea_Aug20 Sonde082020 33.26 -115.74 10.4 0 10.5 2020-08-11 88750.9 -348.6 1.25 53651.0 1.93 0.600 28.9 8.00 SaltonSea_Aug20 Niskin082020 33.26 -115.74 10.5 0 10.5 2020-08-11 2.9 175.6 845.2 SaltonSea_Aug20 Sonde082020 33.26 -115.74 10.6 0 10.5 2020-08-11 88750.6 -360.6 1.17 53657.0 1.92 0.300 28.9 8.00 SaltonSea_Aug21 Sonde082021 33.26 -115.74 0.2 0 10.5 2021-08-24 91221.3 30.3 2.04 53727.0 1.29 196.300 31.8 8.17 SaltonSea_Aug21 Sonde082021 33.26 -115.74 0.7 0 10.5 2021-08-24 90817.6 35.2 4.99 53549.0 1.82 246.300 31.0 8.18 SaltonSea_Aug21 Sonde082021 33.26 -115.74 1.8 0 10.5 2021-08-24 90482.5 38.2 5.59 53532.0 1.98 234.700 30.7 8.17 SaltonSea_Aug21 Sonde082021 33.26 -115.74 2.7 0 10.5 2021-08-24 90299.8 40.6 4.00 53522.0 1.67 153.400 30.4 8.13 SaltonSea_Aug21 Sonde082021 33.26 -115.74 3.7 0 10.5 2021-08-24 90264.7 40.4 2.88 53511.0 1.50 81.900 30.1 8.11 SaltonSea_Aug21 Sonde082021 33.26 -115.74 4.6 0 10.5 2021-08-24 90178.1 39.1 2.23 53474.0 1.40 44.700 29.9 8.10 SaltonSea_Aug21 Sonde082021 33.26 -115.74 5.6 0 10.5 2021-08-24 90228.2 37.7 2.09 53480.0 1.35 38.400 29.9 8.09 SaltonSea_Aug21 Sonde082021 33.26 -115.74 6.8 0 10.5 2021-08-24 90213.5 36.6 1.81 53489.0 1.27 35.900 29.9 8.09 SaltonSea_Aug21 Sonde082021 33.26 -115.74 7.6 0 10.5 2021-08-24 90241.9 35.7 1.71 53489.0 1.28 35.600 29.8 8.09 SaltonSea_Aug21 Sonde082021 33.26 -115.74 8.5 0 10.5 2021-08-24 90538.1 33.6 1.63 53488.0 1.42 16.900 29.8 8.08 SaltonSea_Aug21 Sonde082021 33.26 -115.74 10.5 0 10.5 2021-08-24 90821.3 -318.3 1.04 53659.0 1.82 1.900 28.9 8.02 SaltonSea_Sep21 Sonde092021 33.26 -115.74 0.5 0 10.5 2021-09-22 97329.9 56.1 3.55 53781.0 1.70 247.812 32.4 8.19 SaltonSea_Sep21 Niskin092021 33.26 -115.74 0.5 0 10.5 2021-09-22 0.0 0.0 22.0 4.1 0.0 2.8 162.0 665.0 SaltonSea_Sep21 Sonde092021 33.26 -115.74 0.6 0 10.5 2021-09-22 97055.1 55.9 7.42 53533.0 2.17 300.000 31.2 8.18 SaltonSea_Sep21 Niskin092021 33.26 -115.74 1.0 0 10.5 2021-09-22 2.8 SaltonSea_Sep21 Sonde092021 33.26 -115.74 1.7 0 10.5 2021-09-22 95751.9 55.6 6.32 53525.0 2.07 255.937 30.7 8.17 SaltonSea_Sep21 Niskin092021 33.26 -115.74 2.0 0 10.5 2021-09-22 2.8 SaltonSea_Sep21 Sonde092021 33.26 -115.74 2.7 0 10.5 2021-09-22 95259.7 55.6 4.54 53510.0 1.86 180.938 30.5 8.14 SaltonSea_Sep21 Niskin092021 33.26 -115.74 3.0 0 10.5 2021-09-22 3.0 SaltonSea_Sep21 Sonde092021 33.26 -115.74 3.7 0 10.5 2021-09-22 95186.4 53.1 2.95 53524.0 1.56 104.688 30.2 8.11 SaltonSea_Sep21 Niskin092021 33.26 -115.74 4.0 0 10.5 2021-09-22 2.6 SaltonSea_Sep21 Sonde092021 33.26 -115.74 4.7 0 10.5 2021-09-22 95152.9 50.0 2.16 53469.0 1.36 42.500 29.9 8.09 SaltonSea_Sep21 Niskin092021 33.26 -115.74 5.0 0 10.5 2021-09-22 2.6 SaltonSea_Sep21 Sonde092021 33.26 -115.74 5.6 0 10.5 2021-09-22 95152.7 48.7 2.12 53475.0 1.32 38.438 29.9 8.08 SaltonSea_Sep21 Niskin092021 33.26 -115.74 6.0 0 10.5 2021-09-22 2.6 SaltonSea_Sep21 Sonde092021 33.26 -115.74 6.6 0 10.5 2021-09-22 95022.3 47.7 1.75 53483.0 1.31 34.688 29.9 8.08 SaltonSea_Sep21 Niskin092021 33.26 -115.74 7.0 0 10.5 2021-09-22 4.8 SaltonSea_Sep21 Sonde092021 33.26 -115.74 7.6 0 10.5 2021-09-22 94743.6 46.3 1.59 53484.0 1.28 32.812 29.8 8.08 SaltonSea_Sep21 Niskin092021 33.26 -115.74 8.0 0 10.5 2021-09-22 3.4 SaltonSea_Sep21 Sonde092021 33.26 -115.74 8.5 0 10.5 2021-09-22 94717.7 44.6 1.42 53488.0 1.34 19.688 29.8 8.08 SaltonSea_Sep21 Niskin092021 33.26 -115.74 9.0 0 10.5 2021-09-22 2.7 SaltonSea_Sep21 Sonde092021 33.26 -115.74 9.5 0 10.5 2021-09-22 94685.6 -290.6 1.19 53627.0 1.98 2.812 29.2 8.02 SaltonSea_Sep21 Niskin092021 33.26 -115.74 10.0 0 10.5 2021-09-22 2.8 SaltonSea_Sep21 Sonde092021 33.26 -115.74 10.3 0 10.5 2021-09-22 94676.6 -318.3 1.15 53664.0 1.88 1.875 28.9 8.01 SaltonSea_Sep21 Sonde092021 33.26 -115.74 10.5 0 10.5 2021-09-22 94671.6 -326.5 1.11 53672.0 2.90 1.562 28.9 8.00 SaltonSea_Nov23 Pump112023 33.44 -115.96 1.0 0 10.5 2023-11-16 2.2 0.2 31.5 4.3 0.0 2.6 210.0 782.0 52.0 SaltonSea_Nov23 Pump112023 33.44 -115.96 10.5 0 10.5 2023-11-16 2.5 0.2 25.3 4.6 0.0 1.8 198.0 715.0 113.0