Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Alaska Fisheries Science Center https://ror.org/01h7fye62 Tyler Erin F Alaska Fisheries Science Center https://ror.org/01h7fye62 Oregon State University https://ror.org/00ysfqy60 Mundorff Samantha NORTHEASTERN UNIV https://ror.org/04t5xt781 Youn Kathryn R Hendrix College https://ror.org/00yghrj63 Edmondson Leo University of New England https://ror.org/02n2ava60 Hurst Thomas P thomas.hurst@noaa.gov Alaska Fisheries Science Center https://ror.org/01h7fye62 2026 Seawater carbonate chemistry and data collected from laboratory experiments on the tolerance of egg and yolk-sac larval yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera) to ocean warming and acidification dataset https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.995496 2026-06-17T02:36:14 This dataset contains laboratory experiment data that were collected to investigate the tolerance of egg and yolk-sac larval yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera) to ocean warming and acidification. Across four independent trials, yellowfin sole embryos and larvae were incubated at one of six experimental treatments spanning three temperatures (9, 12, 15°C) and two pCO2 target levels (low; high), and a range of organismal and physiological responses were measured. Embryonic daily mortality rates and metabolic rates increased with increasing temperature but were not affected by ocean acidification. At hatch and at yolk absorption, morphometric measurements (length, dry weight, myotome height, yolk area) were temperature-sensitive, but the response differed across the four trials. There was a consistent increase in length-based growth and yolk absorption rates with increasing temperature across trials. All morphometric and rate-based measurements were not affected by ocean acidification. Yellowfin sole metabolic enzyme activities were measured at yolk absorption. Lactate dehydrogenase (anaerobic metabolism) and β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (fatty acid metabolism) both increased with increasing temperature, indicating elevated energy demand. Citrate synthase (aerobic metabolism) declined with increasing pCO2 levels, indicating potential metabolic suppression. Overall, embryonic and larval yellowfin sole demonstrated relatively high tolerance to ocean warming and acidification. This dataset is included in the OA-ICC data compilation maintained in the framework of the IAEA Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (see https://oa-icc.ipsl.fr). Original data were downloaded from NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (see Source) by the OA-ICC data curator. In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2024) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2026-06-16. Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Tyler Erin F Mundorff Samantha Youn Kathryn R Edmondson Leo Hurst Thomas P thomas.hurst@noaa.gov 2026 Tolerance of Egg and Yolk‐Sac Larval Yellowfin Sole ( Limanda aspera ) to Ocean Warming and Acidification journal article Fisheries Oceanography 35(4) https://doi.org/10.1111/fog.70040 599-619 Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Tyler Erin F Mundorff Samantha Youn Kathryn R Edmondson Leo Hurst Thomas P thomas.hurst@noaa.gov 2026 Data collected from laboratory experiments on the tolerance of egg and yolk-sac larval yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera) to ocean warming and acidification from 2022-07-01 to 2024-08-31 (NCEI Accession 0313059) dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://doi.org/10.25921/CVEC-SA43 Nisumaa Anne-Marin annemarin@gmail.com Pesant Stephane pesant@ebi.ac.uk 0000-0002-4936-5209 Bellerby Richard G J Richard.Bellerby@niva.no http://www2.bjerknes.uib.no/pages.asp?pid=21&kat=5&lang=2 Delille Bruno bruno.delille@uliege.be 0000-0003-0502-8101 Middelburg Jack J jmiddelburg@nioo.knaw.nl 0000-0003-3601-9072 Orr James C j.orr@iaea.org 0000-0002-8707-7080 Riebesell Ulf uriebesell@geomar.de https://www.geomar.de/uriebesell/ 0000-0002-9442-452X Tyrrell Toby t.tyrrell@noc.soton.ac.uk Wolf-Gladrow Dieter A dieter.wolf-gladrow@awi.de https://www.awi.de/en/about-us/organisation/staff/single-view/dieter-wolf-gladrow.html 0000-0001-9531-8668 Gattuso Jean-Pierre jean-pierre.gattuso@imev-mer.fr 0000-0002-4533-4114 2010 EPOCA/EUR-OCEANS data compilation on the biological and biogeochemical responses to ocean acidification journal article Earth System Science Data 2(2) https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010 167-175 Yang Yan yangyan@xmu.edu.cn http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/ 0000-0003-4900-5606 Brockmann Patrick Galdino Carolina Schindler Uwe uschindler@pangaea.de https://blog.thetaphi.de/ 0000-0002-1900-4162 Gazeau Frédéric frederic.gazeau@imev-mer.fr 0000-0001-8807-4597 2024 An update of data compilation on the biological response to ocean acidification and overview of the OA-ICC data portal journal article Earth System Science Data 16(8) https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3771-2024 3771-3780 Yang Yan yangyan@xmu.edu.cn http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/ 0000-0003-4900-5606 Hansson L Gattuso Jean-Pierre jean-pierre.gattuso@imev-mer.fr 0000-0002-4533-4114 2016 Data compilation on the biological response to ocean acidification: an update journal article Earth System Science Data 8(1) https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-79-2016 79-87 Gattuso Jean-Pierre jean-pierre.gattuso@imev-mer.fr 0000-0002-4533-4114 Epitalon Jean-Marie Lavigne Héloïse hlavigne@naturalsciences.be 0009-0006-6766-0638 Orr James James.Orr@lsce.ipsl.fr Gentili Bernard bernard.gentili@orange.fr http://omtab.obs-vlfr.fr/personnes/z_gent_be/gentili.php Hagens Mathilde 0000-0003-3980-1043 Hofmann Andreas Mueller Jens-Daniel Proye Aurélien Rae James 0000-0003-3904-2526 Soetaert Karline karline.soetaert@nioz.nl 0000-0003-4603-7100 2024 seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.3.3 other https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/seacarb/index.html OA-ICC Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre https://www.iaea.org/services/oa-icc/science-and-collaboration/data-access-and-management International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA http://www.iaea.org https://ror.org/02zt1gg83 25413 CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Type of study Study type type Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Study type Species, unique identification Species UID species Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Species UID Species, unique identification (Semantic URI) Species UID (Semantic URI) species Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Species UID (Semantic URI) Species, unique identification (URI) Species UID (URI) species Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Species UID (URI) Identification ID Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Trial ID (Trial) Treatment: temperature T:temp °C treatment Temperature Θ http://dbpedia.org/resource/Temperature Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov T:temp [°C] Treatment Treat treatment Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Treat Stage Stage Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Stage Identification ID Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Tank ID (Tank) Temperature, water Temp °C Temperature Θ http://dbpedia.org/resource/Temperature water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377 Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Temp [°C] Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) pCO2water_SST_wet µatm partial pressure carbon dioxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16526 water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377 Energy Density http://dbpedia.org/resource/Energy_density Force Per Area Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] Citrate synthase activity, unit per protein mass CS/prot U/mg Specific Activity http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=98508&site=ehost-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_610 Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov CS/prot [U/mg] b-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity, unit per protein mass HOAD/prot U/mg Specific Activity http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=98508&site=ehost-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_610 Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov HOAD/prot [U/mg] Lactate dehydrogenase activity, unit per protein mass LDH/prot U/mg Specific Activity http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=98508&site=ehost-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_610 Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov LDH/prot [U/mg] Degree days DD °C Temperature Θ http://dbpedia.org/resource/Temperature Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov DD [°C] Fish, standard length Fish SL mm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_measurement Length L http://dbpedia.org/resource/Length Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Fish SL [mm] Fish, standard length, standard deviation Fish SL std dev ± standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Fish SL std dev [±] Myotome height Myotome h mm Length L http://dbpedia.org/resource/Length Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Myotome h [mm] Myotome height, standard deviation Myotome h std dev ± standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Myotome h std dev [±] Dry mass Dry m mg dry mass https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_matter Mass M http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mass Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Dry m [mg] Dry mass, standard deviation Dry m std dev ± dry mass https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_matter standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Dry m std dev [±] Yolk area Yolk A mm**2 Area http://dbpedia.org/resource/Area Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Yolk A [mm**2] Yolk area, standard deviation Yolk A std dev ± standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Yolk A std dev [±] Growth rate µ mm/day growth rate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001492 Linear Velocity http://dbpedia.org/resource/Velocity Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov µ [mm/day] Yolk absorption rate Yolk abs mm**2/day Area per Time Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Yolk abs [mm**2/day] Daily mortality rate DMR #/day Frequency http://dbpedia.org/resource/Frequency Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov DMR [#/day] Batch Batch Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Batch Oxygen consumption per individual O2 con/ind nmol/#/h Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov per embryo O2 con/ind [nmol/#/h] (per embryo) Salinity Sal salinity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0085001 Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Sal Salinity, standard deviation Sal std dev ± standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Sal std dev [±] Oxygen O2 mg/l oxygen O https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:25805 Density http://dbpedia.org/resource/Density Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov O2 [mg/l] Oxygen, standard deviation O2 std dev ± oxygen O https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:25805 standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov O2 std dev [±] Temperature, water Temp °C Temperature Θ http://dbpedia.org/resource/Temperature water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377 Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Temp [°C] Temperature, water, standard deviation Temp std dev ± Temperature Θ http://dbpedia.org/resource/Temperature water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377 standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov Temp std dev [±] Carbon, inorganic, dissolved DIC µmol/kg carbon C https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:27594 dissolved http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001986 Molar Concentration Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov DIC [µmol/kg] Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation DIC std dev ± carbon C https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:27594 dissolved http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001986 standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov DIC std dev [±] Alkalinity, total AT µmol/kg total https://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english/total Molar Concentration Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov AT [µmol/kg] Alkalinity, total, standard deviation AT std dev ± total https://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english/total standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov AT std dev [±] pH, total scale pHT Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov pHT pH, standard deviation pH std dev ± standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov total scale pH std dev [±] (total scale) Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) pCO2water_SST_wet µatm partial pressure carbon dioxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16526 water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377 Energy Density http://dbpedia.org/resource/Energy_density Force Per Area Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation pCO2 std dev ± partial pressure carbon dioxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16526 standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Slesinger Emily emily.slesinger@noaa.gov pCO2 std dev [±] Carbonate system computation flag CSC flag Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010 Yang Yan yangyan@xmu.edu.cn http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/ 0000-0003-4900-5606 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...) pH, total scale pHT Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010 Yang Yan yangyan@xmu.edu.cn http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/ 0000-0003-4900-5606 pHT (Calculated using seacarb afte...) pH, standard deviation pH std dev ± standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030442031830149X?via%3Dihub Yang Yan yangyan@xmu.edu.cn http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/ 0000-0003-4900-5606 total scale pH std dev [±] (total scale, Calculated using...) Carbon dioxide CO2 µmol/kg carbon dioxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16526 Molar Concentration Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010 Yang Yan yangyan@xmu.edu.cn http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/ 0000-0003-4900-5606 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) Carbon dioxide, standard deviation CO2 std dev ± carbon dioxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16526 standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030442031830149X?via%3Dihub Yang Yan yangyan@xmu.edu.cn http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/ 0000-0003-4900-5606 CO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) fCO2water_SST_wet µatm fugacity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugacity carbon dioxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16526 water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377 Energy Density http://dbpedia.org/resource/Energy_density Force Per Area Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010 Yang Yan yangyan@xmu.edu.cn http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/ 0000-0003-4900-5606 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation fCO2 std dev ± fugacity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugacity carbon dioxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16526 seawater standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030442031830149X?via%3Dihub Yang Yan yangyan@xmu.edu.cn http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/ 0000-0003-4900-5606 fCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) pCO2water_SST_wet µatm partial pressure carbon dioxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16526 water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377 Energy Density http://dbpedia.org/resource/Energy_density Force Per Area Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010 Yang Yan yangyan@xmu.edu.cn http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/ 0000-0003-4900-5606 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation pCO2 std dev ± partial pressure carbon dioxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16526 standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030442031830149X?via%3Dihub Yang Yan yangyan@xmu.edu.cn http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/ 0000-0003-4900-5606 pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) Bicarbonate ion [HCO3]- µmol/kg Molar Concentration Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010 Yang Yan yangyan@xmu.edu.cn http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/ 0000-0003-4900-5606 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation [HCO3]- std dev ± standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030442031830149X?via%3Dihub Yang Yan yangyan@xmu.edu.cn http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/ 0000-0003-4900-5606 [HCO3]- std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) Carbonate ion [CO3]2- µmol/kg Molar Concentration Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010 Yang Yan yangyan@xmu.edu.cn http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/ 0000-0003-4900-5606 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) Carbonate ion, standard deviation [CO3]2- std dev ± standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030442031830149X?via%3Dihub Yang Yan yangyan@xmu.edu.cn http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/ 0000-0003-4900-5606 [CO3]2- std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) Aragonite saturation state Omega Arg aragonite saturation state Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010 Yang Yan yangyan@xmu.edu.cn http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/ 0000-0003-4900-5606 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...) Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation Omega Arg std dev ± aragonite saturation state standard deviation std dev https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030442031830149X?via%3Dihub Yang Yan yangyan@xmu.edu.cn http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/ 0000-0003-4900-5606 Omega Arg std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) Calcite saturation state Omega Cal Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010 Yang Yan yangyan@xmu.edu.cn http://mel.xmu.edu.cn/en/ 0000-0003-4900-5606 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...) CurationLevelC Enhanced curation https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/Curation_levels citable Animalia Chordata Coast and continental shelf Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2) Growth/Morphology Laboratory experiment Limanda aspera Mortality/Survival Nekton North Pacific Ocean acidification Other metabolic rates Pelagos Reproduction Respiration Single species Temperate Temperature author10403 author10414 author106690 author107699 author107700 author118051 author118052 author118053 author118054 author21564 author22144 author22148 author22159 author22414 author22445 author24922 author27217 author28754 author29138 author29176 author32865 author34379 author39204 author48750 author51658 author55788 author56746 author59171 author59172 author59173 author69140 author98067 curlevel30 inst15852 inst20253 inst21320 inst22362 inst22833 inst412 journal16590 journal5638 license21 method10287 method6426 param105163 param119291 param123368 param125247 param131628 param132328 param137689 param137812 param151253 param164223 param164491 param171793 param185520 param21197 param26954 param4569 param49312 param49313 param510679 param5125 param527827 param534369 param54293 param54294 param565248 param565249 param565250 param565251 param565252 param565253 param565254 param7056 param716 param717 param80114 param82111 param82364 param82365 param82366 param83476 param84250 param87073 param87459 param87460 param87461 param87464 param91410 param93278 param96278 pi106690 pi48750 project4173 ref124625 ref128879 ref140308 ref140309 ref31273 ref79258 term1073490 term1073493 term1073966 term2606205 term2698012 term37489 term37599 term37602 term37606 term37672 term37764 term38253 term38477 term38494 term38564 term38841 term38845 term38851 term38855 term38858 term38860 term38865 term38886 term38887 term38890 term40646 term41013 term41062 term43298 term43770 term43772 term43792 term43821 term43834 term43838 term43863 term43876 term43892 term43972 term43997 term44030 term44032 term48166 term49384 term49506 term73928 term78197