<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!--*** Generated from internal PANGAEA metadata schema by dif.xslt ***--><DIF xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.4.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/">
<Entry_ID>PANGAEA_995486</Entry_ID>
<Entry_Title>ANT 1995/96 : AWI airborne Radio-Echo Sounding data over western Dronning Maund Land for the EPICA DML ice core site selection (EPICA project)</Entry_Title>
<Data_Set_Citation>
<Dataset_Creator>Miller, Heinrich; Helm, Veit; Steinhage, Daniel</Dataset_Creator>
<Dataset_Title>ANT 1995/96 : AWI airborne Radio-Echo Sounding data over western Dronning Maund Land for the EPICA DML ice core site selection (EPICA project)</Dataset_Title>
<Dataset_Release_Date>2026-06-17</Dataset_Release_Date>
<Dataset_Publisher>PANGAEA</Dataset_Publisher>
<Data_Presentation_Form>Dataset</Data_Presentation_Form>
<Online_Resource>https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.995486</Online_Resource>
</Data_Set_Citation>
<Personnel>
<Role>Investigator</Role>
<First_Name>Heinrich</First_Name>
<Last_Name>Miller</Last_Name>
<Email>heinrich.miller@awi.de</Email>
</Personnel>
<Discipline>
<Discipline_Name>Earth Science</Discipline_Name>
</Discipline>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Season</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Profile ID</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Instrument</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Radar product</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>netCDF file</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>netCDF file (File Size)</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>GIS file</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Image</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
<Keyword>Aircraft</Keyword>
<Keyword>AWI EMR</Keyword>
<Keyword>Dronning Maud Land</Keyword>
<Keyword>East Antarctica</Keyword>
<Keyword>EDML</Keyword>
<Keyword>EPICA_II</Keyword>
<Keyword>EPICA_II_01</Keyword>
<Keyword>EPICA_II_02</Keyword>
<Keyword>EPICA_II_03</Keyword>
<Keyword>EPICA_II_04</Keyword>
<Keyword>EPICA_II_05</Keyword>
<Keyword>EPICA_II_06</Keyword>
<Keyword>EPICA_II_07a</Keyword>
<Keyword>EPICA_II_07b</Keyword>
<Keyword>EPICA_II_08</Keyword>
<Keyword>EPICA_II_09</Keyword>
<Keyword>EPICA_II_10</Keyword>
<Keyword>EPICA_II_11</Keyword>
<Keyword>EPICA_II_12</Keyword>
<Keyword>EPICA_II_13</Keyword>
<Keyword>EPICA_II_14a</Keyword>
<Keyword>EPICA_II_14b</Keyword>
<Keyword>Ice core</Keyword>
<Keyword>Ice Sheet</Keyword>
<Keyword>Polar 2</Keyword>
<Keyword>radio-echo sounding</Keyword>
<Sensor_Name>
<Long_Name>Ice Thickness Radar radio-echo sounding RES [Nixdorf et al. 1999]</Long_Name>
</Sensor_Name>
<Source_Name>
<Long_Name>POLAR 2</Long_Name>
</Source_Name>
<Temporal_Coverage>
<Start_Date>1997-01-09</Start_Date>
<Stop_Date>1997-02-08</Stop_Date>
</Temporal_Coverage>
<Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
<Spatial_Coverage>
<Southernmost_Latitude>-74.847496</Southernmost_Latitude>
<Northernmost_Latitude>-70.645134</Northernmost_Latitude>
<Westernmost_Longitude>-9.748787</Westernmost_Longitude>
<Easternmost_Longitude>4.168018</Easternmost_Longitude>
</Spatial_Coverage>
<Project>
<Short_Name>EPICA</Short_Name>
<Long_Name>European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica</Long_Name>
</Project>
<Access_Constraints>unrestricted</Access_Constraints>
<Use_Constraints>CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</Use_Constraints>
<Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
<Data_Center>
<Data_Center_Name>
<Short_Name>PANGAEA</Short_Name>
<Long_Name>Data Publisher for Earth &amp; Environmental Science</Long_Name>
</Data_Center_Name>
<Data_Center_URL>https://www.pangaea.de/</Data_Center_URL>
<Personnel>
<Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
<First_Name>Michael</First_Name>
<Last_Name>Diepenbroek</Last_Name>
<Email>info@pangaea.de</Email>
<Contact_Address>
<Address>Leobener Str.</Address>
<City>Bremen</City>
<Province_or_State>Bremen</Province_or_State>
<Postal_Code>28359</Postal_Code>
<Country>Germany</Country>
</Contact_Address>
</Personnel>
</Data_Center>
<Distribution>
<Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
<Distribution_Size>329 data points</Distribution_Size>
<Distribution_Format>text/tab-separated-values</Distribution_Format>
</Distribution>
<Reference>Eisen, Olaf; Steinhage, Daniel; Franke, Steven; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Drews, Reinhard; Eagles, Graeme; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Jokat, Wilfried; Lambrecht, Astrid; Mieth, Matthias; Riedel, Sven; Miller, Heinrich (2024): Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers [dataset bibliography]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</Reference>
<Reference>Franke, Steven; Steinhage, Daniel; Helm, Veit; Binder, Tobias; Nixdorf, Uwe; Miller, Heinrich; Humbert, Angelika; Jansen, Daniela; Eagles, Graeme; Eisermann, Hannes; Jokat, Wilfried; Ruppel, Antonia; Drews, Reinhard; Zuhr, Alexandra; Driemel, Amelie; Walter, Andreas; Konopatzky, Peter; Heß, Robin; Haas, Antonie; Koppe, Roland; Andreas, Pascal H; Eisen, Olaf (2026): Review article: 30 years of airborne radar surveys on the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets by the Alfred Wegener Institute. The Cryosphere, 20(4), 2485-2530, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2485-2026</Reference>
<Reference>Nixdorf, Uwe; Steinhage, Daniel; Meyer, Uwe F; Hempel, L; Jenett, Martin; Wachs, P; Miller, Heinrich (1999): The newly developed airborne radio-echo sounding system of the AWI as a glaciological tool. Annals of Glaciology, 29, 231-238, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756499781821346</Reference>
<Reference>Steinhage, Daniel (2001): Beiträge aus geophysikalischen Messungen in Dronning Maud Land, Antarktis, zur Auffindung eines optimalen Bohrpunktes für eine Eiskerntiefbohrung (Contributions of geophysical measurements in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, locating an optimal drill site for a deep ice core drilling). Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung = Reports on Polar and Marine Research, 384, 91 pp, https://doi.org/10.2312/BzPM_0384_2001</Reference>
<Reference>Steinhage, Daniel; Nixdorf, Uwe; Meyer, Uwe F; Miller, Heinrich (1999): New maps of the ice thickness and subglacial topography in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, determined by means of airborne radio-echo sounding. Annals of Glaciology, 29, 267-272, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756499781821409</Reference>
<Reference>Steinhage, Daniel; Nixdorf, Uwe; Meyer, Uwe F; Miller, Heinrich (2001): Subglacial topography and internal structure of central and western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, determined from airborne radio echo sounding. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 47(3-4), 183-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-9851(01)00063-5</Reference>
<Reference>O2A Registry: Metadata for radar system Ice Thickness Radar 150 MHz at current version. Alfred Wegener Institut Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, https://registry.o2a-data.de/items/6794</Reference>
<Summary>This dataset contains airborne radar data acquired using the AWI EMR system during the Antarctic season of 1995/96. The profiles extend across the western Dronning Maud around the EPICA DML ice core site. The data are available as netCDF files (including waveforms and metadata), KML files of the profile line locations, and quicklook images of the radargrams. ** For all details see the full metadata description at "https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.995486"! ** Project PI: Heinrich Miller (AWI)
Contact persons for AWI Radio-echo sounding data: Daniel Steinhage (daniel.steinhage@awi.de), Veit Helm (veit.helm@awi.de), Olaf Eisen (olaf.eisen@awi.de)
--
The netCDF files contain the following variables:
altitude: Platform altitude (WGS84) in meters
bed_elevation: Bed elevation for each trace (without applying a firn correction and permitivity of ice: 3.15) in meters
bed_pick: picked Bed location for each trace, expressed as twt in seconds from time zero
data: Radar data (Values in dBm after DC conversion)
data_agc: Scaled radar data using automatic gain control (AGC)
distance: Along-track distance in meters
ice_thickness: Ice thickness for each trace (without applying a firn correction and permitivity of ice: 3.15) in meters
lat: Latitude in decimal degrees (WGS84)
lon: Longitude in decimal degrees (WGS84)
range: Range between sensor and surface in meters
spacing: Along-track trace to trace spacing in meters
surface: Surface elevation derived from radar (WGS84) in meters
surface_pick: Picked surface reflection in two-way travel time in seconds
time: Seconds of day
twt: Two-way travel time (twt) in seconds
--
The KML files are in EPSG:4326, and the quicklook images show the AGC product of the radargram.</Summary>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-9851(01)00063-5</URL>
<Description>Subglacial topography and internal structure of central and western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, determined from airborne radio echo sounding</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.2312/BzPM_0384_2001</URL>
<Description>Beiträge aus geophysikalischen Messungen in Dronning Maud Land, Antarktis, zur Auffindung eines optimalen Bohrpunktes für eine Eiskerntiefbohrung (Contributions of geophysical measurements in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, locating an optimal drill site for a deep ice core drilling)</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.3189/172756499781821346</URL>
<Description>Ice Thickness Radar radio-echo sounding RES [Nixdorf et al. 1999]</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.3189/172756499781821346</URL>
<Description>The newly developed airborne radio-echo sounding system of the AWI as a glaciological tool</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.3189/172756499781821409</URL>
<Description>New maps of the ice thickness and subglacial topography in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, determined by means of airborne radio-echo sounding</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.5065/D6H70CW6</URL>
<Description>netCDF file</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.5065/D6H70CW6</URL>
<Description>netCDF file (File Size)</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2485-2026</URL>
<Description>Review article: 30 years of airborne radar surveys on the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets by the Alfred Wegener Institute</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.972094</URL>
<Description>Collection of datasets from AWI's radio-echo sounding systems on ice sheets and glaciers</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Project_for_Ice_Coring_in_Antarctica</URL>
<Description>EPICA</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://registry.o2a-data.de/items/6794</URL>
<Description>Metadata for radar system Ice Thickness Radar 150 MHz at current version</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
<Metadata_Version>9.4</Metadata_Version>
<DIF_Creation_Date>2026-06-17</DIF_Creation_Date>
<Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2026-07-16</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
