<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><md:MetaData xmlns:md="http://www.pangaea.de/MetaData" version="2026-04-13">
<md:citation id="dataset995485">
<md:author id="dataset.author66643">
<md:lastName>Nigrelli</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Guido</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>guido.nigrelli@irpi.cnr.it</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0002-5506-5915</md:orcid>
<md:affiliation id="dataset.author66643.inst21068">
<md:name>Research Institute for Geo-hydrological Protection</md:name>
<md:optionalName>IRPI</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>http://www.irpi.cnr.it/en/</md:URI>
<md:ROR>https://ror.org/0040zx077</md:ROR>
</md:affiliation>
</md:author>
<md:author id="dataset.author66644">
<md:lastName>Chiarle</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Marta</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>marta.chiarle@irpi.cnr.it</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0001-8447-3822</md:orcid>
<md:affiliation id="dataset.author66644.inst21068">
<md:name>Research Institute for Geo-hydrological Protection</md:name>
<md:optionalName>IRPI</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>http://www.irpi.cnr.it/en/</md:URI>
<md:ROR>https://ror.org/0040zx077</md:ROR>
</md:affiliation>
</md:author>
<md:author id="dataset.author118026">
<md:lastName>Matta</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Erica</md:firstName>
<md:orcid>0000-0003-2957-609X</md:orcid>
<md:affiliation id="dataset.author118026.inst21068">
<md:name>Research Institute for Geo-hydrological Protection</md:name>
<md:optionalName>IRPI</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>http://www.irpi.cnr.it/en/</md:URI>
<md:ROR>https://ror.org/0040zx077</md:ROR>
</md:affiliation>
</md:author>
<md:year>2026</md:year>
<md:title>Rock temperature and solar radiation in a rockfall-prone area of the alpine cryosphere</md:title>
<md:type id="dataset.reftype10" includeInCitation="true">dataset</md:type>
<md:URI>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.995485</md:URI>
<md:dateTime>2026-06-17T11:25:38</md:dateTime>
</md:citation>
<md:abstract>In the alpine cryosphere, thermo-mechanical stresses due to rock temperature fluctuations, induce crack opening or widening, predisposing rock faces to failure. In the last decades, an increase in rockfalls has been documented and has been attributed to air warming and to solar radiation. However, in-situ relationship between solar radiation and rock temperature is still little known, while a comprehensive understanding of heat transfer in rocks and their thermophysical properties are crucial to rockfall risk mitigation. This issue is being investigated in the Bessanese high-elevation experimental site, that is located in the Western Italian Alps. This site is representative of the glacial and periglacial environments of the Alps and is registered in DEIMS-SDR (see https://deims.orgf8718e56fb4d-49a3-92a9-3670e7f10ee9). Solar radiation and rock temperature data collected at three different depths are available here for the scientific community.</md:abstract>
<md:reference dataciteRelType="References" group="210" id="ref140301" relationType="Related to" relationTypeId="12">
<md:author id="ref140301.author66644">
<md:lastName>Chiarle</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Marta</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>marta.chiarle@irpi.cnr.it</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0001-8447-3822</md:orcid>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref140301.author118022">
<md:lastName>Fioraso</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Gianfranco</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref140301.author118023">
<md:lastName>Baldo</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Marco</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref140301.author118024">
<md:lastName>Godone</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Danilo</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref140301.author67151">
<md:lastName>Viani</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Cristina</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>cristina.viani@irpi.cnr.it</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0002-0993-0509</md:orcid>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref140301.author118025">
<md:lastName>Allasia</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Paolo</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref140301.author70294">
<md:lastName>Giordan</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Daniele</md:firstName>
<md:orcid>0000-0003-0136-2436</md:orcid>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref140301.author66643">
<md:lastName>Nigrelli</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Guido</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>guido.nigrelli@irpi.cnr.it</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0002-5506-5915</md:orcid>
</md:author>
<md:year>2026</md:year>
<md:title>Enhancing geomorphological mapping with multi-source data in a changing climate: Insights from a high-elevation experimental basin in the Italian Alps</md:title>
<md:type id="ref140301.reftype1">journal article</md:type>
<md:source id="ref140301.journal3717" relatedTermIds="33952,33954,33974" type="journal">Cold Regions Science and Technology</md:source>
<md:volume>248</md:volume>
<md:URI>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104946</md:URI>
<md:pages>104946</md:pages>
</md:reference>
<md:reference dataciteRelType="References" group="210" id="ref140302" relationType="Related to" relationTypeId="12">
<md:author id="ref140302.author66643">
<md:lastName>Nigrelli</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Guido</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>guido.nigrelli@irpi.cnr.it</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0002-5506-5915</md:orcid>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref140302.author118026">
<md:lastName>Matta</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Erica</md:firstName>
<md:orcid>0000-0003-2957-609X</md:orcid>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref140302.author66645">
<md:lastName>Merlone</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Andrea</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>a.merlone@inrim.it</md:eMail>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref140302.author66646">
<md:lastName>Coppa</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Graziano</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>g.coppa@inrim.it</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0002-2847-3286</md:orcid>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref140302.author118027">
<md:lastName>Aranda</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Natali</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref140302.author118028">
<md:lastName>Corrado</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Vincenzo</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref140302.author118029">
<md:lastName>Ballarini</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Ilaria</md:firstName>
<md:orcid>0000-0003-1937-2915</md:orcid>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref140302.author118030">
<md:lastName>Afzali Fatatouei</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Seyed Amir</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref140302.author118031">
<md:lastName>Tootkaboni</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Mamak</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref140302.author118032">
<md:lastName>Gramazio</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Andrea</md:firstName>
</md:author>
<md:author id="ref140302.author66644">
<md:lastName>Chiarle</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Marta</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>marta.chiarle@irpi.cnr.it</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0001-8447-3822</md:orcid>
</md:author>
<md:year>2026</md:year>
<md:title>Rockfall risk mitigation in the Alps</md:title>
<md:type id="ref140302.reftype3">other</md:type>
<md:URI>https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-7133</md:URI>
</md:reference>
<md:extent>
<md:geographic>
<md:westBoundLongitude>7.1224</md:westBoundLongitude>
<md:eastBoundLongitude>7.1224</md:eastBoundLongitude>
<md:southBoundLatitude>45.3034</md:southBoundLatitude>
<md:northBoundLatitude>45.3034</md:northBoundLatitude>
<md:meanLongitude>7.1224</md:meanLongitude>
<md:meanLatitude>45.3034</md:meanLatitude>
</md:geographic>
<md:temporal>
<md:minDateTime>2025-03-07T00:10:00</md:minDateTime>
<md:maxDateTime>2026-02-28T23:50:00</md:maxDateTime>
</md:temporal>
<md:elevation name="Elevation" unit="m">
<md:min>3473.0</md:min>
<md:max>3473.0</md:max>
</md:elevation>
</md:extent>
<md:award id="award5099">
<md:funder id="award5099.funder20653" semanticURI="doi:10.13039/501100000780">
<md:name>European Commission</md:name>
<md:optionalName>EC</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>https://commission.europa.eu/index_en</md:URI>
<md:crossrefFunderId>https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780</md:crossrefFunderId>
</md:funder>
<md:number>20223MKEMB_PE10_PRIN2022 - PNRR M4.C2.1.1</md:number>
<md:title>Rockfall risk mitigation</md:title>
<md:URI>https://bessanese.lab3841.it/</md:URI>
</md:award>
<md:event displayTypeName="Event" id="event3411828" typeName="Generic Event">
<md:label>Bessanese</md:label>
<md:optionalLabel>Bessanese high-elevation experimental site - Italy</md:optionalLabel>
<md:latitude>45.3034</md:latitude>
<md:longitude>7.1224</md:longitude>
<md:location id="event3411828.loc1.term49796">
<md:name>Italian Alps</md:name>
</md:location>
<md:elevation>3473.0</md:elevation>
<md:dateTime>2025-03-07T00:00:00</md:dateTime>
<md:method id="event3411828.method11379">
<md:name>Observation</md:name>
<md:optionalName>OBSE</md:optionalName>
</md:method>
<md:attribute attid="72586" name="DEIMS ID">https://deims.org/f8718e56-fb4d-49a3-92a9-3670e7f10ee9</md:attribute>
<md:comment>Slope: 87°, Aspect: 92°, Lithology: Metabasite (Prasinite)</md:comment>
</md:event>
<md:size unit="data points">206780</md:size>
<md:license id="license21">
<md:label>CC-BY-4.0</md:label>
<md:name>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</md:name>
<md:URI>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</md:URI>
</md:license>
<md:comment>Rock temperature, RT (°C), with a measurement uncertainty of 0.03°C in the range from -20 °C to +40 °C
Missing data: 724 (expressed as -999)
RT1: rock temperature acquired at 10 cm depth
RT2: rock temperature acquired at 30 cm depth
RT3: rock temperature acquired at 50 cm depth</md:comment>
<md:matrixColumn behaviour="4" col="0" format="yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm" id="col0.ds15943244" source="geocode" type="datetime">
<md:parameter id="col0.ds15943244.geocode1599">
<md:name>DATE/TIME</md:name>
<md:shortName>Date/Time</md:shortName>
<md:URI>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601</md:URI>
<md:term endOffset="9" fragment="2" id="col0.ds15943244.geocode1599.term43975" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#Time" startOffset="5" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
<md:name>Time</md:name>
<md:optionalName>T</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>http://dbpedia.org/resource/Time</md:URI>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:PI id="col0.ds15943244.pi66643">
<md:lastName>Nigrelli</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Guido</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>guido.nigrelli@irpi.cnr.it</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0002-5506-5915</md:orcid>
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<md:caption>Date/Time</md:caption>
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<md:matrixColumn col="1" format="0" id="col1.ds15943245" source="data" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col1.ds15943245.param31460">
<md:name>Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation</md:name>
<md:shortName>SWD</md:shortName>
<md:unit>W/m**2</md:unit>
<md:term endOffset="19" fragment="1" id="col1.ds15943245.param31460.term48981" startOffset="11" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>downward</md:name>
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<md:name>Power per Area</md:name>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:PI id="col1.ds15943245.pi66643">
<md:lastName>Nigrelli</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Guido</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>guido.nigrelli@irpi.cnr.it</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0002-5506-5915</md:orcid>
</md:PI>
<md:comment>Global solar radiation, SR</md:comment>
<md:caption>SWD [W/m**2] (Global solar radiation, SR)</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="2" format="0.00" id="col2.ds15943246" source="data" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col2.ds15943246.param6766">
<md:name>Temperature, in rock/sediment</md:name>
<md:shortName>t</md:shortName>
<md:unit>°C</md:unit>
<md:term endOffset="11" fragment="1" id="col2.ds15943246.param6766.term43972" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#ThermodynamicTemperature" startOffset="0" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
<md:name>Temperature</md:name>
<md:optionalName>Θ</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>http://dbpedia.org/resource/Temperature</md:URI>
</md:term>
<md:term endOffset="20" fragment="2" id="col2.ds15943246.param6766.term41056" startOffset="16" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>rock</md:name>
</md:term>
<md:term endOffset="29" fragment="3" id="col2.ds15943246.param6766.term38263" startOffset="21" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>sediment</md:name>
<md:URI>http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002007</md:URI>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:method id="col2.ds15943246.method4722">
<md:name>Thermometer</md:name>
<md:term id="col2.ds15943246.method4722.term67658" terminologyId="3" terminologyLabel="PAN-M&amp;D">
<md:name>Temperature sensors</md:name>
</md:term>
</md:method>
<md:PI id="col2.ds15943246.pi66643">
<md:lastName>Nigrelli</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Guido</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>guido.nigrelli@irpi.cnr.it</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0002-5506-5915</md:orcid>
</md:PI>
<md:comment>RT1, at 10 cm depth</md:comment>
<md:caption>t [°C] (RT1, at 10 cm depth)</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="3" format="0.00" id="col3.ds15943247" source="data" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col3.ds15943247.param6766">
<md:name>Temperature, in rock/sediment</md:name>
<md:shortName>t</md:shortName>
<md:unit>°C</md:unit>
<md:term endOffset="11" fragment="1" id="col3.ds15943247.param6766.term43972" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#ThermodynamicTemperature" startOffset="0" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
<md:name>Temperature</md:name>
<md:optionalName>Θ</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>http://dbpedia.org/resource/Temperature</md:URI>
</md:term>
<md:term endOffset="20" fragment="2" id="col3.ds15943247.param6766.term41056" startOffset="16" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>rock</md:name>
</md:term>
<md:term endOffset="29" fragment="3" id="col3.ds15943247.param6766.term38263" startOffset="21" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>sediment</md:name>
<md:URI>http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002007</md:URI>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:method id="col3.ds15943247.method4722">
<md:name>Thermometer</md:name>
<md:term id="col3.ds15943247.method4722.term67658" terminologyId="3" terminologyLabel="PAN-M&amp;D">
<md:name>Temperature sensors</md:name>
</md:term>
</md:method>
<md:PI id="col3.ds15943247.pi66643">
<md:lastName>Nigrelli</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Guido</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>guido.nigrelli@irpi.cnr.it</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0002-5506-5915</md:orcid>
</md:PI>
<md:comment>RT2, at 30 cm depth</md:comment>
<md:caption>t [°C] (RT2, at 30 cm depth)</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="4" format="0.00" id="col4.ds15943248" source="data" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col4.ds15943248.param6766">
<md:name>Temperature, in rock/sediment</md:name>
<md:shortName>t</md:shortName>
<md:unit>°C</md:unit>
<md:term endOffset="11" fragment="1" id="col4.ds15943248.param6766.term43972" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#ThermodynamicTemperature" startOffset="0" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
<md:name>Temperature</md:name>
<md:optionalName>Θ</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>http://dbpedia.org/resource/Temperature</md:URI>
</md:term>
<md:term endOffset="20" fragment="2" id="col4.ds15943248.param6766.term41056" startOffset="16" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>rock</md:name>
</md:term>
<md:term endOffset="29" fragment="3" id="col4.ds15943248.param6766.term38263" startOffset="21" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>sediment</md:name>
<md:URI>http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002007</md:URI>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:method id="col4.ds15943248.method4722">
<md:name>Thermometer</md:name>
<md:term id="col4.ds15943248.method4722.term67658" terminologyId="3" terminologyLabel="PAN-M&amp;D">
<md:name>Temperature sensors</md:name>
</md:term>
</md:method>
<md:PI id="col4.ds15943248.pi66643">
<md:lastName>Nigrelli</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Guido</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>guido.nigrelli@irpi.cnr.it</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0002-5506-5915</md:orcid>
</md:PI>
<md:comment>RT3, at 50 cm depth</md:comment>
<md:caption>t [°C] (RT3, at 50 cm depth)</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:status>
<md:curationLevel id="curlevel30">
<md:label>CurationLevelC</md:label>
<md:name>Enhanced curation</md:name>
<md:URI>https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/Curation_levels</md:URI>
</md:curationLevel>
</md:status>
<md:keywords>
<md:techKeyword type="autoGenerated">citable</md:techKeyword>
<md:keyword id="keywords.term600" type="fromDatabase">Alps</md:keyword>
<md:keyword id="keywords.term47189" type="fromDatabase">rock temperature</md:keyword>
<md:keyword id="keywords.term72907" type="fromDatabase">Solar radiation</md:keyword>
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