/* DATA DESCRIPTION:
Citation:	Fischer, Philipp; Lienkämper, Miriam; Brand, Markus; Bussmann, Ingeborg; Brix, Holger (2026): Hydrographical time series data of Helgoland, Southern North Sea, since 2013 [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.995221
Abstract:	This dataset contains annual oceanographic observations collected at the Helgoland underwater observatory (54°11.594′ N, 07°52.762′ E; WGS84) from 2013 onwards. Measurements include water temperature, salinity, oxygen saturation, chlorophyll-a concentration, and turbidity. The observatory is located at a water depth of approximately 10 m (± tidal variation) and is equipped with one or more sensors for each measured parameter. Observations are recorded at an hourly temporal resolution. All data have undergone quality control using the four-step plausibility and quality assurance procedure described by Waldmann et al. (2022). The cabled observatory infrastructure and sensor configuration are described in detail on the AWI COSYNA underwater observatory webpage. For comprehensive information on instrumentation, sensor deployment, calibration procedures, and data processing, please refer to the annual metadata documents entitled metadata_heluwobs_yyyy_hydrography.pdf associated with each yearly dataset.
Keyword(s):	Alfred-Wegener-Institute; Hereon; in situ observations; MarGate underwater experimental area; MOSES; Observatory; observatory data; Scientific diving
Related to:	Buck, Justin James Henry; Bainbridge, Scott J; Burger, Eugene F; Kraberg, Alexandra Claudia; Casari, Matthew; Casey, Kenneth S; Darroch, Louise; Del Rio, Joaquin; Metfies, Katja; Delory, Eric; Fischer, Philipp; Gardner, Thomas; Heffernan, Ryan; Jirka, Simon; Kokkinaki, Alexandra; Loebl, Martina; Buttigieg, Pier Luigi; Pearlman, Jay S; Schewe, Ingo (2019): Ocean Data Product Integration Through Innovation-The Next Level of Data Interoperability. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 82-92, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00032
	Bussmann, Ingeborg; Brix, Holger; Flöser, Götz; Fischer, Philipp; Jayachandran, Saranya; Achterberg, Eric Pieter; Carstens, Kristine; Kirstein, Inga Vanessa; Sanders, Tina; Raupers, Björn; Voynova, Yoana G; Kamjunke, Norbert (2025): Winter flood significantly changes salinity and nutrient export from land to sea. Frontiers in Marine Science, 12, 1599007, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1599007
	Fischer, Philipp (2020): Intelligent Sensor Technology: A 'Must-Have' for Next-Century Marine Science. In: Kirchner F., Straube S., Kühn D., Hoyer N. (eds) AI Technology for Underwater Robots. Intelligent Systems, Control and Automation: Science and Engineering, 96, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30683-0_2
	Fischer, Philipp; Brix, Holger; Baschek, Burkard; Kraberg, Alexandra Claudia; Brand, Markus; Cisewski, Boris; Riethmüller, Rolf; Breitbach, Gisbert; Möller, Klas Ove; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Alliouane, Samir; van De Poll, Willem H; Witbaard, Rob (2020): Operating Cabled Underwater Observatories in Rough Shelf-Sea Environments: A Technological Challenge. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00551
	Fischer, Philipp; Brix, Holger; Bussmann, Ingeborg; Ködel, Uta; Schwanitz, Max; Schütze, Claudia; Anselm, Norbert; Brand, Markus; Jenniges, Yvonne; Kasten, Sabine; Kraberg, Alexandra Claudia; Lienkämper, Miriam; Spotowitz, Lisa; Weber, Ute; Wiltshire, Karen Helen; Dietrich, Peter (2025): Effects of marine heat waves and cold spells on a polar shallow water ecosystem. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 20168, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05621-w
	Fischer, Philipp; Dietrich, Peter; Achterberg, Eric Pieter; Anselm, Norbert; Brix, Holger; Bussmann, Ingeborg; Eickelmann, Laura; Flöser, Götz; Friedrich, Madlen; Rust, Hendrik; Schütze, Claudia; Koedel, Uta (2021): Effects of Measuring Devices and Sampling Strategies on the Interpretation of Monitoring Data for Long-Term Trend Analysis. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.770977
	Fischer, Philipp; Gramelsberger, Gabriele; Hoffmann, Christoph; Hoffmann, Hans; Rheinberger, Hans-Jörg; Rickli, Hannes (2020): Natures of Data. Zürich, Diaphanes, 168, hdl:10013/epic.06e24ad7-b885-4ff6-8dd7-99c0cda25804
	Fischer, Philipp; Schwanitz, Max; Loth, Reiner; Posner, Uwe; Brand, Markus; Schroeder, Friedhelm (2017): First year of practical experiences of the new Arctic AWIPEV-COSYNA cabled Underwater Observatory in Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen. Ocean Science, 13(2), 259-272, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-259-2017
	Tsabaris, Christos; Alexakis, Stylianos; Lienkämper, Miriam; Schwanitz, Max; Brand, Markus; Ntoumas, Manolis; Patiris, Dionisis L; Androulakaki, Effrosyni G; Fischer, Philipp (2025): The Integration of a Medium-Resolution Underwater Radioactivity System in the COSYNA Observing System at Helgoland Island, Germany. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 13(3), 516, https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13030516
	Weber, Ute; Attinger, Sabine; Baschek, Burkard; Boike, Julia; Borchardt, Dietrich; Brix, Holger; Brüggemann, Nicolas; Bussmann, Ingeborg; Dietrich, Peter; Fischer, Philipp; Greinert, Jens; Hajnsek, Irena; Kamjunke, Norbert; Kerschke, Dorit; Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid; Körtzinger, Arne; Kottmeier, Christoph; Merz, Bruno; Merz, Ralf; Riese, Martin; Schloter, Michael; Schmid, HaPe; Schnitzler, Jörg-Peter; Sachs, Torsten; Schütze, Claudia; Tillmann, Ralf; Vereecken, Harry; Wieser, Andreas; Teutsch, Georg (2022): MOSES: A Novel Observation System to Monitor Dynamic Events across Earth Compartments. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 103(2), E339-E348, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-20-0158.1
References:	Waldmann, Christoph; Fischer, Philipp; Seitz, Steffen; Köllner, Manuela; Fischer, Jens-Georg; Bergenthal, Markus; Brix, Holger; Weinreben, Stefan; Huber, Robert (2022): A methodology to uncertainty quantification of essential ocean variables. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, 1002153, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.1002153
Project(s):	Centre for Scientific Diving (CSD) (URI: https://www.awi.de/en/science/special-groups/scientific-diving.html)
	Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas (COSYNA) (URI: https://www.hereon.de/institutes/carbon_cycles/cosyna/)
	DAM mareXtreme - ElbeXtreme: Monitoring and modelling of extreme events in the Elbe estuary and the German Bight (ElbeXtreme) (URI: https://www.marextreme.de/en/elbextreme)
	MarGate (MarGate) (URI: https://www.awi.de/en/science/special-groups/scientific-diving/margate.html)
	Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems (MOSES) (URI: https://www.ufz.de/moses/)
	Research Mission of the German Marine Research Alliance (DAM): Paths to improved risk management in the area of marine extreme events and natural hazards (mareXtreme) (URI: https://www.marextreme.de/en)
	Shelf Seas Systems Ecology @ AWI (former Biologische Anstalt Helgoland) (BAH) (URI: https://www.awi.de/en/science/biosciences/shelf-sea-system-ecology.html)
Funding:	Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR) (URI: https://www.bmbf.de/DE/Home/home_node.html), grant/award no. 03F0954B: DAM mareXtreme - ElbeXtreme, AWI (URI: https://foerderportal.bund.de/foekat/jsp/SucheAction.do?actionMode=view&fkz=03F0954B)
	Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR) (URI: https://www.bmbf.de/DE/Home/home_node.html), grant/award no. 03F0954D: DAM mareXtreme - ElbeXtreme, Hereon (URI: https://foerderportal.bund.de/foekat/jsp/SucheAction.do?actionMode=view&fkz=03F0954D)
Coverage:	LATITUDE: 54.183300 * LONGITUDE: 7.866700
	DATE/TIME START: 2013-04-04T15:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 2024-12-31T23:00:00
License:	Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Size:	12 datasets
*/
/* TABULAR SUMMARY OF DATASETS LISTED IN THIS COLLECTION: */
Filename	Citation of child dataset
MarGate_phys_ocean_2013.tab	Fischer, Philipp; Happel, Lea; Anselm, Norbert; Bussmann, Ingeborg; Lienkämper, Miriam; Brand, Markus; Posner, Uwe; Eickelmann, Laura; Schwanitz, Max; Brix, Holger; Baschek, Burkard (2022): Hydrographical time series data of Helgoland, Southern North Sea, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.942205
MarGate_phys_ocean_2014.tab	Fischer, Philipp; Happel, Lea; Anselm, Norbert; Bussmann, Ingeborg; Lienkämper, Miriam; Brand, Markus; Posner, Uwe; Eickelmann, Laura; Schwanitz, Max; Brix, Holger; Baschek, Burkard (2022): Hydrographical time series data of Helgoland, Southern North Sea, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.942204
MarGate_phys_ocean_2015.tab	Fischer, Philipp; Happel, Lea; Anselm, Norbert; Bussmann, Ingeborg; Lienkämper, Miriam; Brand, Markus; Posner, Uwe; Eickelmann, Laura; Schwanitz, Max; Brix, Holger; Baschek, Burkard (2022): Hydrographical time series data of Helgoland, Southern North Sea, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.942191
MarGate_phys_ocean_2016.tab	Fischer, Philipp; Happel, Lea; Anselm, Norbert; Bussmann, Ingeborg; Lienkämper, Miriam; Brand, Markus; Posner, Uwe; Eickelmann, Laura; Schwanitz, Max; Brix, Holger; Baschek, Burkard (2022): Hydrographical time series data of Helgoland, Southern North Sea, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.942188
MarGate_phys_ocean_2017.tab	Fischer, Philipp; Happel, Lea; Brand, Markus; Eickelmann, Laura; Lienkämper, Miriam; Spotowitz, Lisa; Anselm, Norbert; Bussmann, Ingeborg; Posner, Uwe; Schwanitz, Max; Brix, Holger; Baschek, Burkard (2021): Hydrographical time series data of Helgoland, Southern North Sea, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.935808
MarGate_phys_ocean_2018.tab	Fischer, Philipp; Brand, Markus; Friedrich, Madlen; Eickelmann, Laura; Lienkämper, Miriam; Spotowitz, Lisa; Anselm, Norbert; Bussmann, Ingeborg; Posner, Uwe; Schwanitz, Max; Brix, Holger; Baschek, Burkard (2021): Hydrographical time series data of Helgoland, Southern North Sea, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934740
MarGate_phys_ocean_2019.tab	Fischer, Philipp; Brand, Markus; Friedrich, Madlen; Eickelmann, Laura; Lienkämper, Miriam; Spotowitz, Lisa; Anselm, Norbert; Bussmann, Ingeborg; Posner, Uwe; Schwanitz, Max; Brix, Holger; Baschek, Burkard (2021): Hydrographical time series data of Helgoland, Southern North Sea, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.927379
MarGate_phys_ocean_2020.tab	Fischer, Philipp; Brand, Markus; Friedrich, Madlen; Eickelmann, Laura; Lienkämper, Miriam; Spotowitz, Lisa; Anselm, Norbert; Bussmann, Ingeborg; Posner, Uwe; Schwanitz, Max; Brix, Holger; Baschek, Burkard (2021): Hydrographical time series data of Helgoland, Southern North Sea, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933714
MarGate_phys_ocean_2021.tab	Fischer, Philipp; Happel, Lea; Brand, Markus; Eickelmann, Laura; Lienkämper, Miriam; Bussmann, Ingeborg; Anselm, Norbert; Brix, Holger (2022): Hydrographical time series data of Helgoland, Southern North Sea, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.950173
MarGate_phys_ocean_2022.tab	Fischer, Philipp; Lienkämper, Miriam; Happel, Lea; Bussmann, Ingeborg; Eickelmann, Laura; Anselm, Norbert; Brand, Markus; Brix, Holger (2023): Hydrographical time series data of Helgoland, Southern North Sea, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.959539
MarGate_phys_ocean_2023.tab	Fischer, Philipp; Lienkämper, Miriam; Happel, Lea; Bussmann, Ingeborg; Eickelmann, Laura; Anselm, Norbert; Brand, Markus; Brix, Holger (2024): Hydrographical time series data of Helgoland, Southern North Sea, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.967855
MarGate_phys_ocean_2024.tab	Fischer, Philipp; Lienkämper, Miriam; Brand, Markus; Bussmann, Ingeborg; Brix, Holger (2025): Hydrographical time series data of Helgoland, Southern North Sea, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.986331
