Citation:

PANGAEA.994609

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and microbial ecosystem responses to alkalinity enhancement in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre
Published: 2026-05-13
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Community composition and diversity; Entire community; Laboratory experiment; North Atlantic; Ocean alkalinity enhancement; Open ocean; Pelagos; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Temperate

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Published: 2026-05-13 • DOI registered: 2026-06-17

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Abstract:

We tested the ocean alkalinity enhancement response of two natural seawater mixed layer microbial communities in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, one at the Western gyre boundary, and one in the middle of the gyre. We conducted 4-day microcosm incubation experiments at sea, spiked with three increasing amounts of alkaline sodium salts and a 13C-bicarbonate tracer at constant pCO2. We then measured a suite of dissolved and particulate parameters to constrain the chemical and biological response to these additions.

This dataset is included in the OA-ICC data compilation maintained in the framework of the IAEA Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (see https://oa-icc.ipsl.fr). Original data were downloaded from Github (see Source) by the OA-ICC data curator. In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2024) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2026-05-12.

Keyword(s):

Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Community composition and diversity; Entire community; Laboratory experiment; North Atlantic; Ocean alkalinity enhancement; Open ocean; Pelagos; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Temperate

Related to:

Subhas, Adam V; Marx, Lukas; Reynolds, Sarah; Flohr, Anita; Mawji, Edward W; Brown, Peter J; Cael, B B (2022): Microbial ecosystem responses to alkalinity enhancement in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. Frontiers in Climate, 4, 784997, https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2022.784997

Source:

GitHub - bbcael/subhasetal · GitHub [webpage]. https://github.com/bbcael/subhasetal

References:

Nisumaa, Anne-Marin; Pesant, Stephane; Bellerby, Richard G J; Delille, Bruno; Middelburg, Jack J; Orr, James C; Riebesell, Ulf; Tyrrell, Toby; Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter A; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2010): EPOCA/EUR-OCEANS data compilation on the biological and biogeochemical responses to ocean acidification. Earth System Science Data, 2(2), 167-175, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-167-2010

Yang, Yan; Brockmann, Patrick; Galdino, Carolina; Schindler, Uwe; Gazeau, Frédéric (2024): An update of data compilation on the biological response to ocean acidification and overview of the OA-ICC data portal. Earth System Science Data, 16(8), 3771-3780, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3771-2024

Yang, Yan; Hansson, L; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2016): Data compilation on the biological response to ocean acidification: an update. Earth System Science Data, 8(1), 79-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-79-2016

Related code / software:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James; Gentili, Bernard; Hagens, Mathilde; Hofmann, Andreas; Mueller, Jens-Daniel; Proye, Aurélien; Rae, James; Soetaert, Karline (2024): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.3.3. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/seacarb/index.html

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 25.033300 * Median Longitude: -58.808300 * South-bound Latitude: 23.566600 * West-bound Longitude: -76.150000 * North-bound Latitude: 26.500000 * East-bound Longitude: -41.466600

Date/Time Start: 2020-01-25T00:05:00 * Date/Time End: 2020-02-29T00:01:45

Event(s):

Alkaline_Ocean_I * Latitude: 26.500000 * Longitude: -76.150000 * Date/Time Start: 2020-01-25T00:05:00 * Date/Time End: 2020-01-29T00:05:00 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Alkaline_Ocean_II * Latitude: 23.566600 * Longitude: -41.466600 * Date/Time Start: 2020-02-15T00:01:45 * Date/Time End: 2020-02-29T00:01:45 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event		Subhas, Adam V
2	Type of study	Study type		Subhas, Adam V
3	Treatment	Treat		Subhas, Adam V
4	Time in hours	Time h	h	Subhas, Adam V
5	Experiment	Exp		Subhas, Adam V
6	Nitrate and Nitrite	[NO3]- + [NO2]-	µmol/kg	Subhas, Adam V
7	Nitrite	[NO2]-	µmol/kg	Subhas, Adam V
8	Phosphate	[PO4]3-	µmol/kg	Subhas, Adam V
9	Silicate	Si(OH)4	µmol/kg	Subhas, Adam V
10	Synechococcus	Synechococcus	#/ml	Subhas, Adam V
11	Prochlorococcus	Prochlorococcus	#/ml	Subhas, Adam V
12	Picoeukaryotes	PEuk	#/ml	Subhas, Adam V
13	Low nucleic acid bacteria	LNA	#/ml	Subhas, Adam V
14	High nucleic acid bacteria	HNA	#/ml	Subhas, Adam V
15	Bacteria	Bact	#/ml	Subhas, Adam V		total
16	Particle distribution exponent	PSD exponent		Subhas, Adam V
17	Particle distribution exponent, standard deviation	PSD exponent std dev	±	Subhas, Adam V
18	Volume, filter	Vol filter	l	Subhas, Adam V
19	Carbon, total particulate	TPC	µmol/kg	Subhas, Adam V
20	Carbon, inorganic, particulate	PIC	µmol/kg	Subhas, Adam V
21	Nitrogen, total particulate	TPN	µmol/kg	Subhas, Adam V
22	Calcium carbonate/Total carbon ratio	CaCO3/TC		Subhas, Adam V		Fraction of total carbon as calcium carbonate
23	δ13C, total particulate carbon	δ13C TPC	‰ PDB	Subhas, Adam V
24	Net primary production of carbon	NPP C	µmol/kg/day	Subhas, Adam V
25	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Subhas, Adam V
26	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Subhas, Adam V
27	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Subhas, Adam V
28	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Subhas, Adam V
29	pH, total scale	pHT		Subhas, Adam V
30	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Subhas, Adam V
31	Salinity	Sal		Subhas, Adam V
32	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
33	pH, total scale	pHT		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
34	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
35	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
36	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
37	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
38	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
39	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
40	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1224 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 Study type	3 Treat	4 Time h [h]	5 Exp	6 [NO3]- + [NO2]- [µmol/kg]	7 [NO2]- [µmol/kg]	8 [PO4]3- [µmol/kg]	9 Si(OH)4 [µmol/kg]	10 Synechococcus [#/ml]	11 Prochlorococcus [#/ml]	12 PEuk [#/ml]	13 LNA [#/ml]	14 HNA [#/ml]	15 Bact [#/ml] (total)	16 PSD exponent	17 PSD exponent std dev [±]	18 Vol filter [l]	19 TPC [µmol/kg]	20 PIC [µmol/kg]	21 TPN [µmol/kg]	22 CaCO3/TC (Fraction of total carbon as c...)	23 δ13C TPC [‰ PDB]	24 NPP C [µmol/kg/day]	25 AT [µmol/kg]	26 DIC [µmol/kg]	27 Omega Cal	28 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	29 pHT	30 Temp [°C]	31 Sal	32 CSC flag	33 pHT	34 CO2 [µmol/kg]	35 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	36 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	37 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg]	38 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg]	39 Omega Arg	40 Omega Cal
Alkaline_Ocean_I	laboratory	0	0	1	0.05859240	0.0140	0.0224864	1.0490140	15572.00	291148	1772.50	1368796.10	1469195	2837991.10	2.3679	0.0117	7.0	1.065	0.040	0.120	0.037	-23.27		2406.4	2085.8	3.53	368	8.086	23.58	36.75	15	8.06	11.39	390.36	391.63	1846.31	228.10	3.55	5.40
Alkaline_Ocean_I	laboratory	1	0	1	0.05154620	0.0160	0.0296519	1.0236665	14590.00	190767	1972.80	1206403.00	1216761	2423164.00	2.1288	0.0281	7.0	1.115	0.036	0.141	0.032	-22.83		2840.9	2446.7	4.54	384	8.131	23.58	36.75	15	8.11	11.91	408.16	409.49	2141.35	293.44	4.57	6.95
Alkaline_Ocean_I	laboratory	2	0	1	0.18794050	0.0160	0.0454160	1.0287360	11708.00	132489	1842.80	1125262.20	1146263	2271525.20	2.0661	0.0299	7.0	1.128	0.033	0.150	0.030	-22.20		3259.4	2759.6	5.92	359	8.204	23.58	36.75	15	8.18	11.13	381.55	382.80	2365.44	383.03	5.97	9.07
Alkaline_Ocean_I	laboratory	3	0	1	0.05305610	0.0155	0.0153209	1.0692920	20879.00	125466	2233.10	1100321.00	1113323	2213644.00	2.0246	0.0284	7.0	0.927	0.038	0.105	0.041	-23.09		2919.8	2790.1	1.93	1357	7.672	23.58	36.75	15	7.65	41.82	1433.51	1438.19	2622.93	125.35	1.95	2.97
Alkaline_Ocean_II	laboratory	0	0	2	0.27380760	0.0215	0.0003070	0.7527300	51772.00	155327	2343.30	1270181.00	1117992	2388173.00	2.0757	0.0452	7.0	1.001	0.023	0.117	0.023	-23.05		2436.8	2153.2	3.14	457	8.011	23.71	37.53	15	7.99	14.12	487.57	489.15	1934.32	204.76	3.17	4.82
Alkaline_Ocean_II	laboratory	1	0	2	0.26443680	0.0180	0.0007955	0.7326900	12098.00	79910	2143.20	1316315.00	1165739	2482054.00	2.4067	0.0265	7.0	0.916	0.031	0.100	0.033	-24.10		2971.5	2555.2	4.80	398	8.133	23.71	37.53	15	8.11	12.30	424.78	426.17	2230.42	312.48	4.84	7.35
Alkaline_Ocean_II	laboratory	2	0	2	0.26640960	0.0235	0.0056805	0.7326900	2343.30	74414	2082.90	1202287.30	1006019	2208306.30	2.0971	0.0608	7.0	0.819	0.032	0.087	0.039	-24.76		3436.2	2927.3	6.07	402	8.182	23.71	37.53	15	8.16	12.43	429.11	430.50	2520.00	394.87	6.12	9.29
Alkaline_Ocean_II	laboratory	3	0	2	0.25358640	0.0205	0.0051920	0.7176600	1482.10	67565	2453.40	1204031.30	1025973	2230004.30	1.9605	0.0393	7.0	0.932	0.041	0.095	0.045	-25.07		3224.2	3093.6	2.05	1587	7.648	23.71	37.53	15	7.63	48.78	1684.79	1690.28	2910.65	134.17	2.08	3.16
Alkaline_Ocean_I	laboratory	0	96	1	0.15767060	0.0175	-0.0007376	0.6015510	921.38	93640	2734.10	1013241.70	1219272	2232513.70	2.3607	0.0468	7.0	0.972	0.016	0.107	0.017	24.03	0.04	2402.4	2082.1	3.52	367	8.086	23.58	36.75	15	8.06	11.36	389.48	390.74	1842.96	227.78	3.55	5.39
Alkaline_Ocean_I	laboratory	0	96	1	0.17890400	0.0215	-0.0032116	0.6221950	153162.00	104743	5163.10	1345859.70	1328817	2674676.70	2.1832	0.0289	7.0	1.457	0.064	0.199	0.044	56.43	0.12	2406.4	2086.5	3.52	369	8.085	23.58	36.75	15	8.06	11.42	391.53	392.81	1847.40	227.68	3.55	5.39
Alkaline_Ocean_I	laboratory	0	96	1	0.17149700	0.0215	-0.0027168	0.6118730	198578.00	130636	5568.40	1476592.40	1484315	2960907.40	2.3867	0.0198	7.0	1.607	0.029	0.220	0.018	61.41	0.14	2393.9	2088.5	3.37	390	8.063	23.58	36.75	15	8.04	12.08	414.10	415.45	1858.54	217.88	3.39	5.16
Alkaline_Ocean_I	laboratory	1	96	1	0.21001340	0.0215	0.0002520	0.7821860	300501.00	93911	10816.00	1259402.50	823572	2082974.50	2.6707	0.1265	6.0	2.821	0.017	0.445	0.006	72.05	0.31	2830.2	2444.7	4.44	394	8.121	23.58	36.75	15	8.10	12.21	418.68	420.04	2145.35	287.13	4.47	6.80
Alkaline_Ocean_I	laboratory	1	96	1	0.14927600	0.0145	-0.0022220	0.6686440	11055.00	40727	4125.80	1544705.10	1411730	2956435.10	2.1613	0.0358	7.0	0.836	0.011	0.092	0.013	12.77	0.03	2830.6	2486.5	4.00	465	8.062	23.58	36.75	15	8.04	14.41	493.87	495.48	2213.07	259.03	4.04	6.13
Alkaline_Ocean_I	laboratory	1	96	1	0.15470780	0.0170	-0.0002428	0.6789660	1862.60	48878	690.97	1193539.30	1348375	2541914.30	2.4234	0.0555	7.0	0.893	0.014	0.109	0.015	10.65	0.03	2854.1	2450.9	4.64	375	8.142	23.58	36.75	15	8.12	11.62	398.23	399.53	2139.15	300.13	4.68	7.11
Alkaline_Ocean_I	laboratory	2	96	1	0.15915200	0.0160	0.0012416	0.7512200	761.07	62357	4666.50	1434789.90	1850958	3285747.90	2.0922	0.0322	7.0	1.401	0.021	0.167	0.015	25.46	0.09	3264.4	2763.4	5.94	359	8.205	23.58	36.75	15	8.18	11.12	381.34	382.58	2368.14	384.13	5.99	9.10
Alkaline_Ocean_I	laboratory	2	96	1	0.15865820	0.0175	-0.0027168	0.6944490	750.53	118903	6424.50	1169583.60	1299641	2469224.60	2.2834	0.0511	7.0	1.494	0.018	0.191	0.012	41.13	0.13	3044.9	2651.2	4.64	447	8.103	23.58	36.75	15	8.08	13.85	474.85	476.39	2336.94	300.41	4.68	7.11
Alkaline_Ocean_I	laboratory	2	96	1	0.16162100	0.0185	0.0002520	0.6480000	520.78	46820	2623.90	1101240.80	1304732	2405972.80	2.3891	0.0875	7.0	0.993	0.017	0.112	0.018	8.92	0.04	3232.2	2748.2	5.73	371	8.190	23.58	36.75	15	8.17	11.50	394.34	395.62	2365.93	370.77	5.78	8.78
Alkaline_Ocean_I	laboratory	3	96	1	0.14532560	0.0160	0.0027260	0.7667030	6799.50	110054	2062.90	1054293.70	1343339	2397632.70	2.1209	0.0483	7.0	1.379	0.026	0.162	0.019	2.32	0.05	2950.7	2830.4	1.86	1451	7.649	23.58	36.75	15	7.63	44.72	1533.05	1538.05	2664.70	120.98	1.89	2.87
Alkaline_Ocean_I	laboratory	3	96	1	0.17248460	0.0170	0.0007468	0.7718640	1021.50	42364	3495.20	911857.95	866693	1778550.95	2.2049	0.0555	7.0	0.910	0.025	0.097	0.027	2.71	0.04	3086.1	2901.7	2.50	1113	7.771	23.58	36.75	15	7.75	34.37	1178.21	1182.05	2705.10	162.22	2.53	3.84
Alkaline_Ocean_I	laboratory	3	96	1	0.16063340	0.0225	-0.0002428	0.6738050	232549.00	100190	8072.10	1216000.00	1040536	2256536.00	2.7008	0.0108	7.0	1.716	0.040	0.261	0.023	36.02	0.19	2997.3	2868.5	1.95	1417	7.665	23.58	36.75	15	7.64	43.68	1497.24	1502.12	2697.85	126.97	1.98	3.01
Alkaline_Ocean_II	laboratory	0	96	2	0.10430670	0.0340	0.0210439	0.7249800	15483.00	158127	4657.00	1013778.60	955295	1969073.60			7.0	1.572	0.024	0.226	0.015	33.02	0.08	2449.8	2137.9	3.43	405	8.056	23.71	37.53	15	8.03	12.52	432.25	433.66	1902.06	223.32	3.46	5.26
Alkaline_Ocean_II	laboratory	0	96	2	0.08580300	0.0305	0.0245082	0.7095000	3665.10	53865	5537.80	1268070.80	1274940	2543010.80			7.0	2.397	0.028	0.209	0.012	19.51	0.09	2453.5	2146.3	3.39	415	8.048	23.71	37.53	15	8.02	12.83	442.98	444.42	1913.03	220.44	3.42	5.19
Alkaline_Ocean_II	laboratory	0	96	2	0.10030590	0.0325	0.0240133	0.7043400	16832.00	130750	3084.00	1084370.00	1089607	2173977.00			7.0	1.650	0.024	0.227	0.015	31.40	0.09	2455.0	2144.2	3.42	409	8.054	23.71	37.53	15	8.03	12.63	436.31	437.73	1908.76	222.81	3.45	5.24
Alkaline_Ocean_II	laboratory	1	96	2	0.09480480	0.0330	0.0220337	0.7301400	791.11	92389	3935.50	1098355.40	980866	2079221.40			7.0	1.172	0.024	0.121	0.020	21.26	0.06	2979.5	2562.7	4.81	400	8.133	23.71	37.53	15	8.11	12.35	426.54	427.93	2237.24	313.11	4.85	7.37
Alkaline_Ocean_II	laboratory	1	96	2	0.09180420	0.0320	0.0205490	0.6991800	721.01	74765	2944.10	1079683.10	1023225	2102908.10			7.0	1.404	0.020	0.162	0.014	23.42	0.07	2978.8	2561.7	4.82	399	8.133	23.71	37.53	15	8.11	12.33	425.85	427.23	2236.08	313.29	4.86	7.37
Alkaline_Ocean_II	laboratory	1	96	2	0.08180220	0.0240	0.0220337	0.6011400	660.99	51417	3224.80	1120806.60	981882	2102688.60			7.0	1.039	0.025	0.102	0.024	15.72	0.04	2989.9	2565.5	4.90	392	8.141	23.71	37.53	15	8.12	12.10	418.01	419.37	2234.64	318.75	4.94	7.50
Alkaline_Ocean_II	laboratory	2	96	2	0.08780340	0.0280	0.0205490	0.7456200	13925.00	105346	1892.10	1364925.00	1540843	2905768.00			5.9	1.695	0.029	0.241	0.017	6.93	0.05	3479.7	2954.1	6.28	393	8.195	23.71	37.53	15	8.17	12.14	419.20	420.57	2533.44	408.52	6.33	9.61
Alkaline_Ocean_II	laboratory	2	96	2	0.08830350	0.0275	0.0195592	0.7456200	660.93	52133	1111.60	1421329.50	1862919	3284248.50			7.0	0.953	0.038	0.107	0.040	5.46	0.03	3467.4	2943.3	6.26	391	8.194	23.71	37.53	15	8.17	12.10	417.72	419.08	2524.21	406.99	6.31	9.58
Alkaline_Ocean_II	laboratory	2	96	2	0.05553815	0.0165	0.0087032	0.6464155	2273.40	46069	4296.40	1526988.70	1489008	3015996.70	2.2568	0.0403	7.0	1.099	0.024	0.118	0.022	14.93	0.05	3481.7	2946.9	6.39	382	8.204	23.71	37.53	15	8.18	11.81	407.93	409.26	2519.79	415.30	6.44	9.77
Alkaline_Ocean_II	laboratory	3	96	2	0.05261285	0.0210	0.0092036	0.6464155	680.95	56659	2934.10	1174297.80	1387560	2561857.80	2.4051	0.0285	7.0	1.342	0.034	0.150	0.026	0.24	0.05	3271.0	3069.5	2.72	1151	7.780	23.71	37.53	15	7.76	35.46	1224.48	1228.46	2856.27	177.78	2.76	4.18
Alkaline_Ocean_II	laboratory	3	96	2	0.05066265	0.0185	0.0062012	0.6214180	831.16	37903	1181.70	1380409.30	1590611	2971020.30	2.1560	0.0473	6.9	1.267	0.025	0.139	0.020	14.31	0.08	3261.4	3118.6	2.17	1518	7.670	23.71	37.53	15	7.65	46.67	1611.66	1616.90	2929.82	142.11	2.20	3.34
Alkaline_Ocean_II	laboratory	3	96	2	0.06285140	0.0190	0.0072020	0.6114190	23253.00	156489	4045.70	1274719.10	1470124	2744843.10	2.3253	0.0503	5.6	1.611	0.031	0.223	0.020	10.95	0.07	3295.8	3130.3	2.39	1380	7.712	23.71	37.53	15	7.69	42.46	1466.36	1471.14	2931.47	156.37	2.42	3.68