/* DATA DESCRIPTION: Citation: Rückert, Janna Elisabeth; Bühler, Linnu; Mewes, Lars-Hendrik; Risse, Nils (2026): Snow and ice surface near-infrared (NIR) images collected during RV POLARSTERN cruise PS144 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.993938 (DOI registration in progress) Abstract: During the Polarstern cruise PS144 from August 2024 to October 2024 in the central Arctic Ocean snow and ice surface near-infrared images were collected on 10 ice stations. The device, called SnowImager (snowimager.ch), consists of a near infrared illumination system and two cameras to capture the reflected light while the housing acts as a light shield. The width and height of the inside of the box is 30 cm x 40 cm. The NIR camera records images at two dedicated wavelenghts, 850 nm and 940 nm. The specific surface area and density of the snow can be derived from these reflectance images. Calibration images were taken at the start of each station. We performed two types of measurements: Either we took images of the snow/surface scattering layer surface along transects, or, if the snow was sufficiently deep, we used the SnowImager in the excavated snowpit walls to record the vertical (in addition to the horizontal) spatial variability. Here, the NIR images also allow identification of snow layers with different snow grains (i.e., specific surface areas). All measurements were done within the vicinity of the footprint of the onboard microwave radiometers installed for the VAMPIRE project (that is, in about 25 m distance to the port bow of Polarstern mostly measured along T-shaped transects with side lengths of 5 to 7 meters). The datasets consists of the raw measurements (the photos as .dng files) and databases per ice station containing the metadata for the photos. For example, the location along a transect for each image is described in these databases. The databases are designed to be used with the appropriate SnowImager software (https://code.wsl.ch/snow-physics/snowimagerpro) in order to analyze the photos (e.g., to calculate reflectances or the specific surface area). For more information about these measurements the user is referred to Chapter 6.4 of the cruise report. Keyword(s): Arctic; near-infrared; snow Related to: Bühler, Linnu; Rückert, Janna Elisabeth; Walbröl, Andreas; Mech, Mario; Risse, Nils; Krobot, Pavel; Ebell, Kerstin; Schnitt, Sabrina; Spreen, Gunnar (2026): Water vapor, mixed-phase clouds, precipitation and sea ice emissivity over the Central Arctic Ocean (VAMPIRE-1): remote sensing and in-situ measurements suite during POLARSTERN cruise PS144 (ArcWatch-2) [dataset bibliography]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.990496 Rabe, Benjamin; Geibert, Walter (2025): The Expedition PS144 of the Research Vessel POLARSTERN to the Arctic Ocean in 2023 /2024. Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung = Reports on Polar and Marine Research, 794, 312 pp, https://doi.org/10.57738/BZPM_0794_2025 Project(s): Arctic Amplification (AC3) (URI: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/268020496) Funding: Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven (AWI) (URI: https://www.awi.de/), grant/award no. AWI_PS144_06: SeaIcePhys. (ArcWatch1/TransArc3) German Research Foundation (DFG) (URI: http://www.dfg.de/en/), grant/award no. 268020496: TRR 172: ArctiC Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and SurfaCe Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms (URI: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/268020496) Coverage: MEDIAN LATITUDE: 86.271122 * MEDIAN LONGITUDE: 121.177076 * SOUTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 84.511697 * WEST-BOUND LONGITUDE: 42.692716 * NORTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 89.944844 * EAST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -150.666993 DATE/TIME START: 2024-08-16T11:21:02 * DATE/TIME END: 2024-09-26T20:53:07 MINIMUM ELEVATION: -4743.9 m * MAXIMUM ELEVATION: -1980.1 m Event(s): PS144_7-1 * LATITUDE START: 85.063609 * LONGITUDE START: 42.977494 * LATITUDE END: 85.054221 * LONGITUDE END: 42.692716 * DATE/TIME START: 2024-08-16T11:21:02 * DATE/TIME END: 2024-08-16T20:50:27 * ELEVATION START: -3927.5 m * ELEVATION END: -3929.2 m * O2A REGISTRY URI: https://registry.o2a-data.de/items/8891 * CAMPAIGN: PS144 (ArcWatch 2; TransArc3) * BASIS: Polarstern (URI: https://doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-3-163) * METHOD/DEVICE: Ice station (ICE) * COMMENT: bad view PS144_23-1 * LATITUDE: 84.511697 * LONGITUDE: 115.392214 * DATE/TIME: 2024-08-29T12:32:42 * ELEVATION: -4141.7 m * O2A REGISTRY URI: https://registry.o2a-data.de/items/8891 * CAMPAIGN: PS144 (ArcWatch 2; TransArc3) * BASIS: Polarstern (URI: https://doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-3-163) * METHOD/DEVICE: Ice station (ICE) PS144_42-1 * LATITUDE START: 84.840295 * LONGITUDE START: 128.609957 * LATITUDE END: 84.806416 * LONGITUDE END: 128.908747 * DATE/TIME START: 2024-09-02T20:40:26 * DATE/TIME END: 2024-09-03T01:02:00 * ELEVATION START: -4353.2 m * ELEVATION END: -4349.6 m * O2A REGISTRY URI: https://registry.o2a-data.de/items/8891 * CAMPAIGN: PS144 (ArcWatch 2; TransArc3) * BASIS: Polarstern (URI: https://doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-3-163) * METHOD/DEVICE: Ice station (ICE) PS144_50-1 * LATITUDE START: 85.032701 * LONGITUDE START: 139.446069 * LATITUDE END: 85.040151 * LONGITUDE END: 140.085356 * DATE/TIME START: 2024-09-04T20:30:28 * DATE/TIME END: 2024-09-05T19:01:01 * ELEVATION START: -3933.0 m * ELEVATION END: -3842.0 m * O2A REGISTRY URI: https://registry.o2a-data.de/items/8891 * CAMPAIGN: PS144 (ArcWatch 2; TransArc3) * BASIS: Polarstern (URI: https://doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-3-163) * METHOD/DEVICE: Ice station (ICE) PS144_67-1 * LATITUDE START: 84.960260 * LONGITUDE START: 161.871079 * LATITUDE END: 84.937649 * LONGITUDE END: 162.203178 * DATE/TIME START: 2024-09-08T05:24:00 * DATE/TIME END: 2024-09-08T23:17:32 * ELEVATION START: -3560.5 m * ELEVATION END: -3558.9 m * O2A REGISTRY URI: https://registry.o2a-data.de/items/8891 * CAMPAIGN: PS144 (ArcWatch 2; TransArc3) * BASIS: Polarstern (URI: https://doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-3-163) * METHOD/DEVICE: Ice station (ICE) PS144_80-1 * LATITUDE START: 84.922594 * LONGITUDE START: 179.577229 * LATITUDE END: 84.960123 * LONGITUDE END: 179.573395 * DATE/TIME START: 2024-09-10T20:05:00 * DATE/TIME END: 2024-09-11T06:56:22 * ELEVATION START: -1980.1 m * ELEVATION END: -2187.0 m * O2A REGISTRY URI: https://registry.o2a-data.de/items/8891 * CAMPAIGN: PS144 (ArcWatch 2; TransArc3) * BASIS: Polarstern (URI: https://doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-3-163) * METHOD/DEVICE: Ice station (ICE) PS144_85-1 * LATITUDE START: 87.515029 * LONGITUDE START: 179.097150 * LATITUDE END: 87.471204 * LONGITUDE END: 178.035483 * DATE/TIME START: 2024-09-12T19:07:15 * DATE/TIME END: 2024-09-13T19:57:16 * ELEVATION START: -3995.3 m * ELEVATION END: -3994.7 m * O2A REGISTRY URI: https://registry.o2a-data.de/items/8891 * CAMPAIGN: PS144 (ArcWatch 2; TransArc3) * BASIS: Polarstern (URI: https://doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-3-163) * METHOD/DEVICE: Ice station (ICE) PS144_109-1 * LATITUDE START: 89.944844 * LONGITUDE START: -150.666993 * LATITUDE END: 89.943362 * LONGITUDE END: 80.374813 * DATE/TIME START: 2024-09-18T19:30:30 * DATE/TIME END: 2024-09-19T23:46:42 * ELEVATION START: -4263.8 m * ELEVATION END: -4281.8 m * O2A REGISTRY URI: https://registry.o2a-data.de/items/8891 * CAMPAIGN: PS144 (ArcWatch 2; TransArc3) * BASIS: Polarstern (URI: https://doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-3-163) * METHOD/DEVICE: Ice station (ICE) PS144_123-2 * LATITUDE START: 88.072107 * LONGITUDE START: 59.715273 * LATITUDE END: 88.058668 * LONGITUDE END: 59.930244 * DATE/TIME START: 2024-09-23T05:45:13 * DATE/TIME END: 2024-09-23T14:44:47 * ELEVATION START: -4416.3 m * ELEVATION END: -4417.6 m * O2A REGISTRY URI: https://registry.o2a-data.de/items/8891 * CAMPAIGN: PS144 (ArcWatch 2; TransArc3) * BASIS: Polarstern (URI: https://doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-3-163) * METHOD/DEVICE: Ice station (ICE) PS144_134-1 * LATITUDE START: 86.981196 * LONGITUDE START: 58.698141 * LATITUDE END: 87.035199 * LONGITUDE END: 55.842903 * DATE/TIME START: 2024-09-25T04:45:19 * DATE/TIME END: 2024-09-26T20:53:07 * ELEVATION START: -4639.8 m * ELEVATION END: -4743.9 m * O2A REGISTRY URI: https://registry.o2a-data.de/items/8891 * CAMPAIGN: PS144 (ArcWatch 2; TransArc3) * BASIS: Polarstern (URI: https://doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-3-163) * METHOD/DEVICE: Ice station (ICE) Parameter(s): Event label (Event) * PI: Rückert, Janna Elisabeth (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9885-6576, janna.rueckert@uni-bremen.de) CSV text file (CSV) * PI: Rückert, Janna Elisabeth (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9885-6576, janna.rueckert@uni-bremen.de) CSV text file (File Size) [Bytes] (CSV (Size)) * PI: Rückert, Janna Elisabeth (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9885-6576, janna.rueckert@uni-bremen.de) Image (IMAGE) * PI: Rückert, Janna Elisabeth (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9885-6576, janna.rueckert@uni-bremen.de) Image (File Size) [Bytes] (IMAGE (Size)) * PI: Rückert, Janna Elisabeth (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9885-6576, janna.rueckert@uni-bremen.de) License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Status: Curation Level: Enhanced curation (URI: https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/Curation_levels) Size: 20 data points Files: All files referred to in data matrix can be downloaded in one go as ZIP or TAR (PANGAEA user account required). To download single files, use the filename from data matrix appended to "https://download.pangaea.de/dataset/993938/files/". */ Event CSV CSV (Size) [Bytes] IMAGE IMAGE (Size) [Bytes] PS144_7-1 ps144_snowui_ice1.csv 147.7 kBytes 20240816_ice1.zip 1.9 GBytes PS144_23-1 ps144_snowui_ice2.csv 145.4 kBytes 20240829_ice2.zip 2 GBytes PS144_42-1 ps144_snowui_ice3.csv 10.3 kBytes 20240902_ice3.zip 132.4 MBytes PS144_50-1 ps144_snowui_ice4.csv 10.1 kBytes 20240905_ice4.zip 253 MBytes PS144_67-1 ps144_snowui_ice5.csv 61.2 kBytes 20240908_ice5.zip 844.2 MBytes PS144_80-1 ps144_snowui_ice6.csv 83.4 kBytes 20240910_ice6.zip 920.2 MBytes PS144_85-1 ps144_snowui_ice7.csv 75.8 kBytes 20240913_ice7.zip 955.1 MBytes PS144_109-1 ps144_snowui_ice8.csv 103.8 kBytes 20240918_ice8.zip 1.3 GBytes PS144_123-2 ps144_snowui_ice9.csv 63.5 kBytes 20240923_ice9.zip 921.7 MBytes PS144_134-1 ps144_snowui_ice10.csv 115.2 kBytes 20240925_ice10.zip 1.5 GBytes