<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!--*** Generated from internal PANGAEA metadata schema by dif.xslt ***--><DIF xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.4.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/">
<Entry_ID>PANGAEA_993904</Entry_ID>
<Entry_Title>Basin-scale Arabian Sea denitrification reconstruction based on δ¹⁵N records, Arabian Sea Stack</Entry_Title>
<Data_Set_Citation>
<Dataset_Creator>Singh, Dharmendra Pratap</Dataset_Creator>
<Dataset_Title>Basin-scale Arabian Sea denitrification reconstruction based on δ¹⁵N records, Arabian Sea Stack</Dataset_Title>
<Dataset_Release_Date>2026-04-29</Dataset_Release_Date>
<Dataset_Publisher>PANGAEA</Dataset_Publisher>
<Data_Presentation_Form>Dataset</Data_Presentation_Form>
<Online_Resource>https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.993904</Online_Resource>
</Data_Set_Citation>
<Personnel>
<Role>Investigator</Role>
<First_Name>Dharmendra Pratap</First_Name>
<Last_Name>Singh</Last_Name>
<Email>dharmendra.singh@es.iitr.ac.in</Email>
</Personnel>
<Discipline>
<Discipline_Name>Earth Science</Discipline_Name>
</Discipline>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>AGE</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>δ15N, bulk sediment</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>δ15N, standard deviation</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
<Keyword>117-722</Keyword>
<Keyword>355-U1456</Keyword>
<Keyword>Arabian Sea</Keyword>
<Keyword>Calypso Corer</Keyword>
<Keyword>Calypso square corer</Keyword>
<Keyword>Composite Core</Keyword>
<Keyword>d15N</Keyword>
<Keyword>Exp355</Keyword>
<Keyword>GOA4</Keyword>
<Keyword>GOA6</Keyword>
<Keyword>Gravity corer</Keyword>
<Keyword>Gravity corer (Kiel type)</Keyword>
<Keyword>Kasten corer</Keyword>
<Keyword>KL-74, AS-12</Keyword>
<Keyword>Leg117</Keyword>
<Keyword>M74/1b</Keyword>
<Keyword>M74/1b_960-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>MD04-2876</Keyword>
<Keyword>MD04-2879CQ</Keyword>
<Keyword>MD10</Keyword>
<Keyword>MD143</Keyword>
<Keyword>MD76-131</Keyword>
<Keyword>ME33-EAST</Keyword>
<Keyword>ME33-NAST</Keyword>
<Keyword>NIOP_905</Keyword>
<Keyword>NIOP-D2</Keyword>
<Keyword>NIOP-D2_455-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>NIOP-D2_464-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>Piston corer</Keyword>
<Keyword>Piston corer (BGR type)</Keyword>
<Keyword>RC27</Keyword>
<Keyword>RC27-14</Keyword>
<Keyword>RC27-23</Keyword>
<Keyword>RC27-24</Keyword>
<Keyword>RC27-61</Keyword>
<Keyword>Sedimentary geochemistry</Keyword>
<Keyword>Sediment corer</Keyword>
<Keyword>SK117_GC_08</Keyword>
<Keyword>SK126-GC39</Keyword>
<Keyword>SL 167</Keyword>
<Keyword>SO42</Keyword>
<Keyword>SO42-74KL</Keyword>
<Keyword>SO90</Keyword>
<Keyword>SO90_111KL</Keyword>
<Keyword>SS4018G</Keyword>
<Keyword>SSD004_GC11</Keyword>
<Keyword>Stack</Keyword>
<Keyword>TN</Keyword>
<Sensor_Name>
<Long_Name>Stacked</Long_Name>
</Sensor_Name>
<Sensor_Name>
<Long_Name>calculated, 1 sigma</Long_Name>
</Sensor_Name>
<Source_Name>
<Long_Name>Joides Resolution</Long_Name>
</Source_Name>
<Source_Name>
<Long_Name>Meteor (1986)</Long_Name>
</Source_Name>
<Source_Name>
<Long_Name>Marion Dufresne (1995)</Long_Name>
</Source_Name>
<Source_Name>
<Long_Name>Marion Dufresne (1972)</Long_Name>
</Source_Name>
<Source_Name>
<Long_Name>Tyro</Long_Name>
</Source_Name>
<Source_Name>
<Long_Name>Robert Conrad</Long_Name>
</Source_Name>
<Source_Name>
<Long_Name>Sonne</Long_Name>
</Source_Name>
<Source_Name>
<Long_Name>Sindhu Sadhana</Long_Name>
</Source_Name>
<Temporal_Coverage>
<Start_Date>1976-01-01</Start_Date>
<Stop_Date>2007-10-02</Stop_Date>
</Temporal_Coverage>
<Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
<Spatial_Coverage>
<Southernmost_Latitude>6.0</Southernmost_Latitude>
<Northernmost_Latitude>24.84283</Northernmost_Latitude>
<Westernmost_Longitude>46.9323</Westernmost_Longitude>
<Easternmost_Longitude>78.9312</Easternmost_Longitude>
</Spatial_Coverage>
<Access_Constraints>unrestricted</Access_Constraints>
<Use_Constraints>CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</Use_Constraints>
<Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
<Data_Center>
<Data_Center_Name>
<Short_Name>PANGAEA</Short_Name>
<Long_Name>Data Publisher for Earth &amp; Environmental Science</Long_Name>
</Data_Center_Name>
<Data_Center_URL>https://www.pangaea.de/</Data_Center_URL>
<Personnel>
<Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
<First_Name>Michael</First_Name>
<Last_Name>Diepenbroek</Last_Name>
<Email>info@pangaea.de</Email>
<Contact_Address>
<Address>Leobener Str.</Address>
<City>Bremen</City>
<Province_or_State>Bremen</Province_or_State>
<Postal_Code>28359</Postal_Code>
<Country>Germany</Country>
</Contact_Address>
</Personnel>
</Data_Center>
<Distribution>
<Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
<Distribution_Size>350 data points</Distribution_Size>
<Distribution_Format>text/tab-separated-values</Distribution_Format>
</Distribution>
<Reference>Pawar, Rahul; Singh, Dharmendra Pratap; Saraswat, Rajeev; Maurya, A S (2026): Orbital forcing regulated Arabian Sea denitrification during the late Pleistocene. Global and Planetary Change, 259, 105373, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105373</Reference>
<Reference>Altabet, Mark A; Francois, Roger; Murray, David W; Prell, Warren L (1995): Climate-related variations in denitrification in the Arabian Sea from sediment 15N/14N ratios. Nature, 373(6514), 506-509, https://doi.org/10.1038/373506a0</Reference>
<Reference>Altabet, Mark A; Higginson, Matthew J; Murray, David W (2002): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Arabian Sea Denitrification Data [dataset]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, https://doi.org/10.25921/K2ME-E263</Reference>
<Reference>Altabet, Mark A; Higginson, Matthew J; Murray, David W (2002): The effect of millennial-scale changes in Arabian Sea denitrification on atmospheric CO2. Nature, 415(6868), 159-162, https://doi.org/10.1038/415159a</Reference>
<Reference>Altabet, Mark A; Murray, David W; Prell, Warren L (1999): Climatically linked oscillations in Arabian Sea denitrification over the past 1 m.y.: Implications for the marine N cycle. Paleoceanography, 14(6), 732-743, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999PA900035</Reference>
<Reference>Altabet, Mark A; Murray, David W; Prell, Warren L (1999): Nitrogen content and isotope ratios of ODP Hole 117-722B [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.856637</Reference>
<Reference>Altabet, Mark A; Murray, David W; Prell, Warren L (1999): Nitrogen content and isotope ratios of sediment core RC27-61 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.856638</Reference>
<Reference>Banakar, Virupaxa K; Oba, Tadamichi; Chodankar, A R; Kuramoto, Takayuki; Yamamoto, Masanobu; Minagawa, Masao (2005): Monsoon related changes in sea surface productivity and water column denitrification in the Eastern Arabian Sea during the last glacial cycle. Marine Geology, 219(2-3), 99-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2005.05.004</Reference>
<Reference>Burdanowitz, Nicole; Schmiedl, Gerhard; Gaye, Birgit; Munz, Philipp; Schulz, Hartmut (2024): Nitrogen isotope record and TOC accumulation rates of sediment core GeoTü SL167 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.964228</Reference>
<Reference>Burdanowitz, Nicole; Schmiedl, Gerhard; Gaye, Birgit; Munz, Philipp M; Schulz, Hartmut (2024): Distinct oxygenation modes of the Gulf of Oman over the past 43 000 years – a multi-proxy approach. Biogeosciences, 21(6), 1477-1499, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1477-2024</Reference>
<Reference>Ganeshram, Raja S; Pedersen, Thomas F; Calvert, Stephen E; McNeill, Gavin W; Fontugne, Michel R (2000): Glacial‐interglacial variability in denitrification in the World's Oceans: Causes and consequences. Paleoceanography, 15(4), 361-376, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999PA000422</Reference>
<Reference>Isaji, Yuta; Kawahata, Hodaka; Ohkouchi, Naohiko; Ogawa, Nanako O; Murayama, Masafumi; Inoue, Kazuki; Tamaki, Kensaku (2015): Varying responses to I ndian monsoons during the past 220 kyr recorded in deep‐sea sediments in inner and outer regions of the G ulf of A den. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(11), 7253-7270, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC010982</Reference>
<Reference>Ivanochko, Tara S; Ganeshram, Raja S; Brummer, Geert-Jan A; Ganssen, Gerald M; Jung, S J A; Moreton, Stephen; Kroon, Dick (2005): Variations in tropical convection as an amplifier of global climate change at the millennial scale. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 235(1-2), 302-314, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.04.002</Reference>
<Reference>Jaeschke, Andrea; Ziegler, Martin; Hopmans, Ellen C; Reichart, Gert-Jan; Lourens, Lucas Joost; Schouten, Stefan; Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S (2009): Figure 4. Geochemistry on sediment core MD04-2879 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.742495</Reference>
<Reference>Jaeschke, Andrea; Ziegler, Martin; Hopmans, Ellen C; Reichart, Gert-Jan; Lourens, Lucas Joost; Schouten, Stefan; Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S (2009): Molecular fossil evidence for anaerobic ammonium oxidation in the Arabian Sea over the last glacial cycle. Paleoceanography, 24(2), PA2202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001712</Reference>
<Reference>Kessarkar, Pratima Mohan; Rao, V Purnachadra; Naqvi, Syed Wajih Ahmad; Chivas, Allan R; Saino, Toshiro (2011): Fluctuations in productivity and denitrification in the southeastern Arabian Sea during the Late Quaternary. Current Science, 99, 485-491, https://www.jstor.org/stable/24109571</Reference>
<Reference>Kim, Ji-Eun; Khim, Boo-Keun; Ikehara, Minoru; Lee, Jongmin (2018): Orbital-scale denitrification changes in the Eastern Arabian Sea during the last 800 kyrs. Scientific Reports, 8(1), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25415-7</Reference>
<Reference>Möbius, Jürgen; Gaye, Birgit; Lahajnar, Niko; Bahlmann, Enno; Emeis, Kay-Christian (2011): Influence of diagenesis on sedimentary d15N in the Arabian Sea over the last 130 kyr. Marine Geology, 284(1-4), 127-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2011.03.013</Reference>
<Reference>Pichevin, Laetitia; Bard, Edouard; Martinez, Philippe; Billy, Isabelle (2007): Biogeochemical investigations on sediment core MD04-2876 [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.727157</Reference>
<Reference>Pichevin, Laetitia; Bard, Edouard; Martinez, Philippe; Billy, Isabelle (2007): Evidence of ventilation changes in the Arabian Sea during the late Quaternary: Implication for denitrification and nitrous oxide emission. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 21, GB4008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002852</Reference>
<Reference>Reichart, Gert-Jan; Lourens, Lucas Joost; Zachariasse, Willem-Jan (1998): Organic carbon content, stable isotopes and planktonic foraminifera in sediments of tghe norther Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.857398</Reference>
<Reference>Reichart, Gert-Jan; Lourens, Lucas Joost; Zachariasse, Willem-Jan (1998): Temporal variability in the northern Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) during the last 225,000 years. Paleoceanography, 13(6), 607-621, https://doi.org/10.1029/98PA02203</Reference>
<Reference>Suthhof, Andreas; Ittekkot, Venugopalan; Gaye-Haake, Birgit (2001): Millennial‐scale oscillation of denitrification intensity in the Arabian Sea during the Late Quaternary and its potential influence on atmospheric N 2 O and global climate. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 15(3), 637-649, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GB001337</Reference>
<Reference>Tesdal, J-E; Galbraith, Eric Douglas; Kienast, Markus (2013): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - NICOPP Global Ocean Sediment Nitrogen Isotope Database [dataset]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, https://doi.org/10.25921/W9CA-1Z10</Reference>
<Reference>Tiwari, Manish; Ramesh, R; Bhushan, Ravi; Sheshshayee, Madavalm S; Somayajulu, Bammidipati L K; Jull, A J Timothy; Burr, George S (2010): Did the Indo‐Asian summer monsoon decrease during the Holocene following insolation? Journal of Quaternary Science, 25(7), 1179-1188, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1398</Reference>
<Summary>The new δ¹⁵N record of sediment core SSD004_GC11 is combined with published regional datasets to produce a basin-wide Arabian Sea denitrification stack. Spectral and cross-wavelet analyses reveal dominant orbital-scale variability, with stronger obliquity influence in the southern basin and precession dominance in northern records. Coherent variability between δ¹⁵N records and atmospheric N₂O concentrations highlights orbital forcing as a key driver of long-term nitrogen cycling and greenhouse gas variability. ** For all details see the full metadata description at "https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.993904"!</Summary>
<Related_URL>
<URL>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyr</URL>
<Description>AGE</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>http://www.ifremer.fr/sismer/UK/catal/campagne/campagnea.htql?crno=4200250</URL>
<Description>MD143</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC010982</URL>
<Description>Varying responses to I ndian monsoons during the past 220 kyr recorded in deep‐sea sediments in inner and outer regions of the G ulf of A den</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1398</URL>
<Description>Did the Indo‐Asian summer monsoon decrease during the Holocene following insolation?</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.04.002</URL>
<Description>Variations in tropical convection as an amplifier of global climate change at the millennial scale</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105373</URL>
<Description>Orbital forcing regulated Arabian Sea denitrification during the late Pleistocene</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2005.05.004</URL>
<Description>Monsoon related changes in sea surface productivity and water column denitrification in the Eastern Arabian Sea during the last glacial cycle</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2011.03.013</URL>
<Description>Influence of diagenesis on sedimentary d15N in the Arabian Sea over the last 130 kyr</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1029/1999PA000422</URL>
<Description>Glacial‐interglacial variability in denitrification in the World's Oceans: Causes and consequences</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1029/1999PA900035</URL>
<Description>Climatically linked oscillations in Arabian Sea denitrification over the past 1 m.y.: Implications for the marine N cycle</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GB001337</URL>
<Description>Millennial‐scale oscillation of denitrification intensity in the Arabian Sea during the Late Quaternary and its potential influence on atmospheric N 2 O and global climate</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002852</URL>
<Description>Evidence of ventilation changes in the Arabian Sea during the late Quaternary: Implication for denitrification and nitrous oxide emission</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001712</URL>
<Description>Molecular fossil evidence for anaerobic ammonium oxidation in the Arabian Sea over the last glacial cycle</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1029/98PA02203</URL>
<Description>Temporal variability in the northern Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) during the last 225,000 years</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1038/373506a0</URL>
<Description>Climate-related variations in denitrification in the Arabian Sea from sediment 15N/14N ratios</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1038/415159a</URL>
<Description>The effect of millennial-scale changes in Arabian Sea denitrification on atmospheric CO2</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25415-7</URL>
<Description>Orbital-scale denitrification changes in the Eastern Arabian Sea during the last 800 kyrs</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.25921/K2ME-E263</URL>
<Description>NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Arabian Sea Denitrification Data</Description>
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<URL>https://doi.org/10.25921/W9CA-1Z10</URL>
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<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1477-2024</URL>
<Description>Distinct oxygenation modes of the Gulf of Oman over the past 43 000 years – a multi-proxy approach</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.727157</URL>
<Description>Biogeochemical investigations on sediment core MD04-2876</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.742495</URL>
<Description>Figure 4. Geochemistry on sediment core MD04-2879</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.856637</URL>
<Description>Nitrogen content and isotope ratios of ODP Hole 117-722B</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.856638</URL>
<Description>Nitrogen content and isotope ratios of sediment core RC27-61</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.857398</URL>
<Description>Organic carbon content, stable isotopes and planktonic foraminifera in sediments of tghe norther Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.964228</URL>
<Description>Nitrogen isotope record and TOC accumulation rates of sediment core GeoTü SL167</Description>
</Related_URL>
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<Description>Marion Dufresne (1995)</Description>
</Related_URL>
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<URL>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RV_Meteor_(1986)</URL>
<Description>Meteor (1986)</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RV_Sonne</URL>
<Description>Sonne</Description>
</Related_URL>
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<URL>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_Dufresne_(1972)</URL>
<Description>Marion Dufresne (1972)</Description>
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<Description>Fluctuations in productivity and denitrification in the southeastern Arabian Sea during the Late Quaternary</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://www.nio.res.in/research/research-vessels/rv-sindhu-sadhana</URL>
<Description>Sindhu Sadhana</Description>
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<Related_URL>
<URL>https://www-odp.tamu.edu:443/resolutn.html</URL>
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<Parent_DIF>PANGAEA_993898</Parent_DIF>
<Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
<Metadata_Version>9.4</Metadata_Version>
<DIF_Creation_Date>2026-04-29</DIF_Creation_Date>
<Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2026-04-29</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
