10.1594/PANGAEA.993862Obreht, IgorIgorObreht0000-0001-9710-8365Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, GermanyLückge, AndreasAndreasLückge0000-0002-3269-7063Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural ResourcesMohtadi, MahyarMahyarMohtadi0000-0003-3306-0969MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University BremenZahajská, PetraPetraZahajská0000-0001-5858-0616University of BernSchefuß, EnnoEnnoSchefuß0000-0002-5960-930XMARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University BremenScholz, DenisDenisScholz0000-0002-0055-8915Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, GermanyWörmer, LarsLarsWörmer0000-0002-3673-3826MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University BremenHällberg, PetterPetterHällbergUppsala UniversityBudsky, AlexanderAlexanderBudskyLandesmuseum KärntenAdolphi, FlorianFlorianAdolphi0000-0003-0014-8753Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven (1986-2013)Haug, Gerald HGerald HHaugMax Planck Institute for ChemistryGrosjean, MartinMartinGrosjean0000-0002-3553-8842Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of BernHinrichs, Kai-UweKai-UweHinrichs0000-0002-0739-9291MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University BremenPANGAEA2026Arabian SeahydroclimateIndus basinLeaf waxMonsoonn-alkanesStable isotopesVegetation changeδ13CδDDEPTH, sediment/rockAgen-Alkane C31, δDδ Deuterium, n-alkane C31, uncertaintyn-Alkane C31, δ13Cn-Alkane C31, δ13C, uncertaintyKasten corerGas chromatography - isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS)SO130Sonne1998-04-21T00:00:00Dataset72 data pointstext/tab-separated-valuesCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalThis dataset contains stable carbon (δ13C) and hydrogen (δD) isotope measurements of long-chain n-alkanes (primarily n-C31) extracted from sediment core SO130_289KL (23°07.34′N, 66°29.84′E; 571 m water depth) from the northeastern Arabian Sea. The samples span the last deglaciation and were analyzed to reconstruct past hydroclimate and vegetation dynamics in the Indus River catchment. Lipid extracts were separated into fractions and analyzed using gas chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS). δ13C values provide information on vegetation type (C3 vs. C4 plants), while δD values reflect precipitation isotopic composition after correcting for vegetation effects and global ice volume changes. Analytical precision is ±0.3‰ for δ13C and ±3‰ for δD. This dataset was generated to complement high-resolution marine proxy records generated by mass spectrometry and hyperspectral inaging and to link oceanographic variability with continental climate and monsoon-driven hydrological changes. Depth is presented as centimeters below seafloor (cmbsf) and age as before the year 2000 CE (b2k).66.49733323.122333German Research Foundationhttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659464898428Micrometer-scale biomarker and elemental imaging on sediments from the northeastern Arabian Sea – reconstruction of the Indian monsoon evolution on a sub-decadal scale in the Holocene and the Bølling-Allerød interstadial