10.1594/PANGAEA.993838Obreht, IgorIgorObreht0000-0001-9710-8365Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, GermanyLückge, AndreasAndreasLückge0000-0002-3269-7063Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural ResourcesMohtadi, MahyarMahyarMohtadi0000-0003-3306-0969MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University BremenZahajská, PetraPetraZahajská0000-0001-5858-0616University of BernSchefuß, EnnoEnnoSchefuß0000-0002-5960-930XMARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University BremenScholz, DenisDenisScholz0000-0002-0055-8915Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, GermanyWörmer, LarsLarsWörmer0000-0002-3673-3826MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University BremenHällberg, PetterPetterHällbergUppsala UniversityBudsky, AlexanderAlexanderBudskyLandesmuseum KärntenAdolphi, FlorianFlorianAdolphi0000-0003-0014-8753Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven (1986-2013)Haug, Gerald HGerald HHaugMax Planck Institute for ChemistryGrosjean, MartinMartinGrosjean0000-0002-3553-8842Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of BernHinrichs, Kai-UweKai-UweHinrichs0000-0002-0739-9291MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University BremenPANGAEA2026AlkenonesArabian SeaGI-1Mass spectrometry imagingmonsoon variabilitySea surface temperatureSO130-289KLUK'37DEPTH, sediment/rockAgeAlkenone, unsaturation index UK'37Sea surface temperatureSea surface temperature, uncertaintyKasten corerMass spectrometry imaging (MSI)SST calculated from alkenonesSO130Sonne1998-04-21T00:00:00Dataset16088 data pointstext/tab-separated-valuesCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalThis dataset contains sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions derived from alkenone biomarkers measured in sediment core SO130_289KL (23°07.34′N, 66°29.84′E; 571 m water depth) collected from the northeastern Arabian Sea off the coast of Pakistan. The data focus on the Greenland Interstadial 1 (GI-1) interval (~14.7–12.9 ka), where finely laminated sediments allow high-resolution analysis. Measurements were performed using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) on cryosectioned sediment slices with a spatial resolution of 200 µm. The dataset captures rapid SST variability associated with monsoon dynamics, including an abrupt warming of ~2°C during the transition from Heinrich Stadial 1 to GI-1. This dataset was generated to reconstruct high-frequency SST variability and assess the influence of South Asian monsoon systems on upper ocean conditions. Depth is presented as centimeters below seafloor (cmbsf) and age as before the year 2000 CE (b2k).66.49733323.122333German Research Foundationhttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659464898428Micrometer-scale biomarker and elemental imaging on sediments from the northeastern Arabian Sea – reconstruction of the Indian monsoon evolution on a sub-decadal scale in the Holocene and the Bølling-Allerød interstadial