PANGAEA_993743 Flow cytometry dataset showing the abundance of microorganisms (< 20 µm) in sectioned first year sea ice (FYI) samples taken during the MOSAiC (PS122) drift expedition in the central Arctic Ocean Müller, Oliver; Fong, Allison A; Olsen, Lasse Mørk; Hoppe, Clara Jule Marie; Torstensson, Anders; Heitman, Laura; Larsen, Aud; Petelenz, Elzbieta; Tsagaraki, Tatiana M; Mayers, Kyle M J; Langvad, Maria; Balmonte, John Paul; Chamberlain, Emelia; Bratbak, Gunnar Flow cytometry dataset showing the abundance of microorganisms (< 20 µm) in sectioned first year sea ice (FYI) samples taken during the MOSAiC (PS122) drift expedition in the central Arctic Ocean 2026-04-27 PANGAEA Dataset https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.993743 Investigator Oliver Müller oliver.muller@uib.no Earth Science Event label Campaign Activity description DATE/TIME LATITUDE LONGITUDE Device type Core section label Core section, comment Depth comment DEPTH, ice/snow Red only fluorescing picophytoplankton Red only fluorescing nanophytoplankton Red only fluorescing nanophytoplankton, small Red only fluorescing nanophytoplankton, large Orange and red fluorescing picophytoplankton Orange and red fluorescing nanophytoplankton Orange fluorescing prokaryote picophytoplankton Heterotrophic nanoflagellates Heterotrophic prokaryotes Heterotrophic prokaryotes with relatively low nucleic acid Heterotrophic prokaryotes with relatively high nucleic acid Heterotrophic prokaryotes, medium Heterotrophic prokaryotes, large Heterotrophic prokaryotes, very large geoscientificInformation flow cytometry Ice core Ice corer microbial abundance MOSAiC_ECO MOSAiC20192020 MOSAiC expedition PS122/1 PS122/1_10-16 PS122/1_5-3 PS122/1_6-34 PS122/1_7-6 PS122/1_8-2 PS122/1_9-6 PS122/2 PS122/2_17-3 PS122/2_19-7 PS122/2_21-13 PS122/2_23-3 PS122/2_24-8 PS122/3 PS122/3_32-63 PS122/3_34-4 PS122/3_35-11 PS122/3_36-21 PS122/3_38-24 PS122/3_39-7 PS122/4 PS122/4_44-134 PS122/4_46-18 PS122/4_47-16 PS122/4_48-23 PS122/4_49-34 PS122/5 PS122/5_60-3 PS122/5_61-6 PS122/5_63-31 Acoustic focusing cytometer, Thermo Fisher, Attune NxT [20 mW 488 nm (blue) laser] Flow cytometry system, Becton Dickinson, FACSCalibur Polarstern 2019-10-28 2020-09-24 Complete 79.2489 88.72242 -2.6581 126.3936 0.03 m (DEPTH, ice/snow) 3.13 m (DEPTH, ice/snow) MOSAiC Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate HAVOC Ridges - Safe HAVens for ice-associated Flora and Fauna in a Seasonally ice-covered Arctic OCean unrestricted CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International English PANGAEA Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science https://www.pangaea.de/ Data Center Contact Michael Diepenbroek info@pangaea.de

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Bremen Bremen 28359 Germany online 6519 data points text/tab-separated-values Hoppe, Clara Jule Marie; Balmonte, John Paul; Brenneis, Tina; Castellani, Giulia; Chamberlain, Emelia; Creamean, Jessie; Droste, Elise Sayana; Eggers, Lena; Fong, Allison A; Gardner, Jessie; Heitmann, Laura; Lan, Musheng; Ren, Jian; Snoeijs-Leijonmalm, Pauline; Spahic, Susanne; Svenson, Anders; Terbrüggen, Anja; Torstensson, Anders; Ulfsbo, Adam; Vortkamp, Martina; Zhuang, Yanpei (2026): Chlorophyll a concentrations in first year sea ice during the MOSAiC expedition (PS122) in the Central Arctic Ocean 2019-2020 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.990053 Salganik, Evgenii; Whitmore, Laura M; Bauch, Dorothea; Chamberlain, Emelia; Dietrich, Ulrike; Droste, Elise Sayana; Fong, Allison A; Heitmann, Laura; Nicolaus, Marcel; Kolabutin, Nikolai; Li, Yuhong; Ludwichowski, Kai-Uwe; Marent, Andreas; Mellat, Moein; Meyer, Hanno; Nomura, Daiki; Schmidt, Katrin; Shimanchuk, Egor; Thielke, Linda; Torres-Valdés, Sinhué; Webb, Alison L; Weiner, Mikaela; Granskog, Mats A (2024): Sea-ice salinity, temperature, density, nutrient, oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition from the coring sites during MOSAiC leg 5 in August-September 2020 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971266 Fong, Allison A; Hoppe, Clara Jule Marie; Aberle, Nicole; Ashjian, Carin J; Assmy, Philipp; Bai, Youcheng; Bakker, Dorothee C E; Balmonte, John Paul; Barry, Kevin R; Bertilsson, Stefan; Boulton, William; Bowman, Jeff S; Bozzato, Deborah; Bratbak, Gunnar; Buck, Moritz; Campbell, Robert G; Castellani, Giulia; Chamberlain, Emelia; Chen, Jianfang; Chierici, Melissa; Cornils, Astrid; Creamean, Jessie; Damm, Ellen; Dethloff, Klaus; Droste, Elise Sayana; Ebenhöh, Oliver; Eggers, Sarah Lena; Engel, Anja; Flores, Hauke; Fransson, Agneta; Frickenhaus, Stephan; Gardner, Jessie; Gelfman, Cecilia E; Granskog, Mats A; Graeve, Martin; Havermans, Charlotte; Heuzé, Céline; Hildebrandt, Nicole; Hill, Thomas C J; Hoppema, Mario; Immerz, Antonia; Jin, Haiyan; Koch, Boris P; Kong, Xianyu; Kraberg, Alexandra Claudia; Lan, Musheng; Lange, Benjamin Allen; Larsen, Aud; Lebreton, Benoit; Leu, Eva; Loose, Brice; Maslowski, Wieslaw; Mavis, Camille; Metfies, Katja; Mock, Thomas; Müller, Oliver; Nicolaus, Marcel; Niehoff, Barbara; Nomura, Daiki; Nöthig, Eva-Maria; Oggier, Marc; Oldenburg, Ellen; Olsen, Lasse Mørk; Peeken, Ilka; Perovich, Donald K; Popa, Ovidiu; Rabe, Benjamin; Ren, Jian; Rex, Markus; Rinke, Annette; Rokitta, Sebastian D; Rost, Björn; Sakinan, Serdar; Salganik, Evgenii; Schaafsma, Fokje L; Schäfer, Hendrik; Schmidt, Katrin; Shoemaker, Katyanne M; Shupe, Matthew D; Snoeijs-Leijonmalm, Pauline; Stefels, Jacqueline; Svenson, Anders; Tao, Ran; Torres-Valdés, Sinhué; Torstensson, Anders; Toseland, Andrew; Ulfsbo, Adam; van Leeuwe, Maria A; Vortkamp, Martina; Webb, Alison L; Zhuang, Yanpei; Gradinger, Rolf (2024): Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Ecosystem. Elementa - Science of the Anthropocene, 12(1), 00135, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2023.00135 Marie, Dominique; Brussaard, Corina P D; Thyrhaug, Runar; Bratbak, Gunnar; Vaulot, Daniel (1999): Enumeration of Marine Viruses in Culture and Natural. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65(1), 45-52, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.65.1.45-52.1999 Neeley, Aimee; Soto, Inia; Proctor, Christopher W (2023): Standards and Best Practices For Reporting Flow Cytometry Observations: a technical manual. Version 1.1. UNESCO/IOC, https://doi.org/10.25607/OBP-1864.2 Nixdorf, Uwe; Dethloff, Klaus; Rex, Markus; Shupe, Matthew D; Sommerfeld, Anja; Perovich, Donald K; Nicolaus, Marcel; Heuzé, Céline; Rabe, Benjamin; Loose, Brice; Damm, Ellen; Gradinger, Rolf; Fong, Allison A; Maslowski, Wieslaw; Rinke, Annette; Kwok, Ronald; Spreen, Gunnar; Wendisch, Manfred; Herber, Andreas; Hirsekorn, Marius; Mohaupt, Verena; Frickenhaus, Stephan; Immerz, Antonia; Weiss-Tuider, Katharina; König, Bjela; Mengedoht, Dirk; Regnery, Julia; Gerchow, Peter; Ransby, Daniela; Krumpen, Thomas; Morgenstern, Anne; Haas, Christian; Kanzow, Torsten; Rack, Frank R; Saitzev, Vladimir; Sokolov, Vladimir; Makarov, Alexander; Schwarze, Stefan; Wunderlich, Thomas; Wurr, Karsten; Boetius, Antje (2021): MOSAiC Extended Acknowledgement. Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5179738 Thyssen, Melilotus; Grégori, Gérald; Créach, Véronique; Lahbib, Soumaya; Dugenne, Mathilde; Aardema, Hedy M; Artigas, Luis Felipe; Huang, Bangqin; Barani, Aude; Beaugeard, Laureen; Bellaaj-Zouari, Amel; Beran, Alfred; Casotti, Raffaella; Del Amo, Yolanda; Denis, Michel; Dubelaar, George BJ; Endres, Sonja; Haraguchi, Lumi; Karlson, Bengt; Lambert, Christophe; Louchart, Arnaud; Marie, Dominique; Moncoiffé, Gwenaëlle; Pecqueur, David; Ribalet, François; Rijkeboer, Machteld; Silovic, Tina; Silva, Ricardo; Marro, Sophie; Sosik, Heidi M; Sourisseau, Marc; Tarran, Glen A; Van Oostende, Nicolas; Zhao, Li; Zheng, Shan (2022): Interoperable vocabulary for marine microbial flow cytometry. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, 975877, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.975877 Zubkov, M V; Burkill, P H; Topping, J N (2006): Flow cytometric enumeration of DNA-stained oceanic planktonic protists. Journal of Plankton Research, 29(1), 79-86, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbl059

This dataset provides the abundance of microorganisms (smaller than 20 µm) enumerated using flow cytometry (FCM) during the Multidisciplinary drifting observatory for the study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC (PS122)) sampled from first year sea ice (FYI) core sections. For sea ice derived FCM abundance data, subsamples of 15 mL were taken from pooled ice core sections that were melted in filtered sea water and correspondingly a correction factor applied, to enumerate the abundance of microorganisms per mL of melted sea ice. Additional expedition and sampling details can be found in the ECO-overview paper (Fong et al., 2024). We thank all persons involved in the expedition of the Research Vessel Polarstern during MOSAiC in 2019-2020 (AWI_PS122_00) as listed in Nixdorf et al. (2021). Flow cytometry (FCM) is a fast, high-throughput method to enumerate the abundance of microorganism (smaller than 20 µm). FCM uses the hydrodynamic focusing of a laminar flow to separate and line up microscopic particles. When particles pass a laser beam, the generated light scattering can be used to estimate their cell size, obtain information about cell granularity and surface characteristics and determine fluorescence from inherent pigments or applied stains, such as DNA binding ones. Photosynthetic microorganisms have auto-fluorescent pigments, such as chlorophylls which in combination with the light scattering properties (cell size) or surface properties, can be used to group them into clusters of similar or identical organism types. Heterotrophic microorganisms, including archaea, bacteria and heterotrophic nanoflagellates, and virus do not have fluorescent pigments and require staining, for example using SYBR Green to stain Nucleic Acids (DNA) in order to distinguish these cells from other organic and inorganic particles in the sample. Samples for flow cytometric analysis were taken in triplicates or quadruplicates of 1.8 mL of sample water and fixed with 36 μL 25 % glutaraldehyde (0.5 % final concentration) at 4 °C in the dark for approximately 2 hours, then flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 °C until analysis. The abundance of pico- and nano-sized phytoplankton and heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) were determined using an Attune® NxT, Acoustic Focusing Cytometer (Invitrogen by Thermo Fisher Scientific) with a 20 mW 488 nm (blue) laser. Autotrophic pico-and nano-sized plankton were counted directly after thawing and the various groups discriminated based on their red fluorescence (BL3) vs. orange fluorescence (BL2), red fluorescence (BL3) vs. side scatter (SSC) and orange fluorescence (BL2) vs. side scatter (SSC). For HNF analysis, the samples were stained with SYBR Green I for 2 h in the dark and 1-2 mL were subsequently measured at a flow rate of 500 µl min-1 following the protocol of Zubkov et al. 2007. Following the Zubkov protocol, HNF are enumerated using a fixed gate and in case of sea ice samples, there is an overlap between HNA-bacteria with very high fluorescence and HNF, which is not possible to disentangle with current methodology. The abundance of virus and bacteria was determined using a FACS Calibur (Becton Dickinson) flow cytometer with a 15 mW 480 nm (blue) laser. Prior analysis of virus and bacteria, samples were first thawed, diluted x10 and x100 with 0.2 μm filtered TE buffer (Tris 10 mM, EDTA 1 mM, pH 8), stained with a green fluorescent nucleic acid dye (SYBR Green I ; Molecular Probes, Eugene, Oregon, USA) and then incubated for 10 min at 80°C in a water bath (Marie et al. 1999). Stained samples were counted at a flow rate of around 60 µL min-1 and different groups discriminated on a biparametric plot of green florescence (BL1) vs. side scatter (SSC). This allowed to distinguish virus particles of different sizes, and different bacterial groups including low nuclear acid (LNA) and high nuclear acid (HNA) bacteria. Names of size groups of photosynthetic and heterotrophic organisms are in accordance to "Standards and Best Practices For Reporting Flow Cytometry Observations: a technical manual (Version 1.1)" (Neeley et al., 2023). A short summary is listed here: RedPico = picophytoplankton (1-2 µm); RedNano = Nanophytoplankton (2-20µm), which includes subgroups RedNano_small (2-5 µm), RedNano_large (5-20 µm); OraPico = Nanophytoplankton with more orange fluorescence; OraNano = Cryptophytes; OraPicoProk = Synechococcus; HetNano = heterotrophic nanoflagellates; HetProk = bacteria (and when present archaea); HetLNA = low nucleic acid (LNA) containing bacteria; HetHNA = high nucleic acid (HNA) containing bacteria with the subgroups HetProk_medium = HNA-bacteria subgroup with less fluorescence signal, HetProk_large = HNA-bacteria subgroup with more fluorescence signal and HetProk_verylarge = HNA-bacteria subgroup with very strong fluorescence signal. ** For all details see the full metadata description at "https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.993743"!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6709 LATITUDE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6709 LONGITUDE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601 DATE/TIME http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/F02/current/F0200003/ Orange fluorescing prokaryote picophytoplankton http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/F02/current/F0200004/ Red only fluorescing picophytoplankton http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/F02/current/F0200005/ Red only fluorescing nanophytoplankton http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/F02/current/F0200005/ Red only fluorescing nanophytoplankton, large http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/F02/current/F0200005/ Red only fluorescing nanophytoplankton, small http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/F02/current/F0200006/ Orange and red fluorescing nanophytoplankton http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/F02/current/F0200009/ Heterotrophic prokaryotes http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/F02/current/F0200009/ Heterotrophic prokaryotes, large http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/F02/current/F0200009/ Heterotrophic prokaryotes, medium http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/F02/current/F0200009/ Heterotrophic prokaryotes, very large http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/F02/current/F0200010/ Heterotrophic prokaryotes with relatively high nucleic acid http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/F02/current/F0200011/ Heterotrophic prokaryotes with relatively low nucleic acid http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/F02/current/F0200014/ Orange and red fluorescing picophytoplankton https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbl059 Flow cytometric enumeration of DNA-stained oceanic planktonic protists https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.65.1.45-52.1999 Enumeration of Marine Viruses in Culture and Natural https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2023.00135 Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Ecosystem https://doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-3-163 Polarstern https://doi.org/10.25607/OBP-1864.2 Standards and Best Practices For Reporting Flow Cytometry Observations: a technical manual. Version 1.1 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.975877 Interoperable vocabulary for marine microbial flow cytometry https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5179738 MOSAiC Extended Acknowledgement https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.971266 Sea-ice salinity, temperature, density, nutrient, oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition from the coring sites during MOSAiC leg 5 in August-September 2020 https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.990053 Chlorophyll a concentrations in first year sea ice during the MOSAiC expedition (PS122) in the Central Arctic Ocean 2019-2020 https://mosaic-expedition.org/ MOSAiC https://npolar.no/en/projects/havoc/ HAVOC DIF 9.4 2026-04-27 2026-04-27