<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!--*** Generated from internal PANGAEA metadata schema by dif.xslt ***--><DIF xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.4.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/">
<Entry_ID>PANGAEA_993682</Entry_ID>
<Entry_Title>Physical oceanography (CTD) during METEOR cruise M189</Entry_Title>
<Data_Set_Citation>
<Dataset_Creator>Dengler, Marcus; Krahmann, Gerd</Dataset_Creator>
<Dataset_Title>Physical oceanography (CTD) during METEOR cruise M189</Dataset_Title>
<Dataset_Release_Date>2026-04-20</Dataset_Release_Date>
<Dataset_Publisher>PANGAEA</Dataset_Publisher>
<Data_Presentation_Form>Dataset</Data_Presentation_Form>
<Online_Resource>https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.993682</Online_Resource>
</Data_Set_Citation>
<Personnel>
<Role>Investigator</Role>
<First_Name>Marcus</First_Name>
<Last_Name>Dengler</Last_Name>
<Email>mdengler@geomar.de</Email>
</Personnel>
<Discipline>
<Discipline_Name>Earth Science</Discipline_Name>
</Discipline>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Event label</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>DATE/TIME</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>LONGITUDE</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>LATITUDE</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Pressure, water</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>DEPTH, water</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Temperature, water</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Oxygen</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Sound velocity in water</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Density, sigma-theta (0)</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Fluorescence</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Turbidity (Nephelometric turbidity unit)</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
<Keyword>Conductivity</Keyword>
<Keyword>CTD/Rosette</Keyword>
<Keyword>Depth</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_101-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_105-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_107-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_109-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_1-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_11-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_111-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_113-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_115-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_119-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_128-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_130-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_13-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_132-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_133-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_135-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_137-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_140-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_142-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_144-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_146-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_148-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_150-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_15-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_152-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_154-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_156-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_158-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_160-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_162-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_165-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_167-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_169-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_17-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_171-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_173-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_175-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_177-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_179-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_182-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_19-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_194-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_196-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_201-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_203-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_215-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_216-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_217-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_218-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_219-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_220-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_221-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_222-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_223-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_224-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_225-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_226-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_228-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_229-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_23-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_25-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_27-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_29-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_3-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_31-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_33-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_35-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_37-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_39-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_44-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_45-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_46-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_49-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_5-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_51-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_53-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_55-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_57-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_59-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_61-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_63-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_65-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_7-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_74-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_76-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_78-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_80-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_82-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_90-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_9-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_91-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_92-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_95-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>M189_98-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>Oxygen</Keyword>
<Keyword>profiles</Keyword>
<Keyword>Temperature</Keyword>
<Sensor_Name>
<Long_Name>CTD</Long_Name>
</Sensor_Name>
<Source_Name>
<Long_Name>Meteor (1986)</Long_Name>
</Source_Name>
<Temporal_Coverage>
<Start_Date>2023-04-16</Start_Date>
<Stop_Date>2023-05-10</Stop_Date>
</Temporal_Coverage>
<Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
<Spatial_Coverage>
<Southernmost_Latitude>-23.03418</Southernmost_Latitude>
<Northernmost_Latitude>-6.20947</Northernmost_Latitude>
<Westernmost_Longitude>9.9987</Westernmost_Longitude>
<Easternmost_Longitude>14.36779</Easternmost_Longitude>
<Minimum_Depth>0.99 m (DEPTH, water)</Minimum_Depth>
<Maximum_Depth>3610.18 m (DEPTH, water)</Maximum_Depth>
</Spatial_Coverage>
<Project>
<Short_Name>BANINO</Short_Name>
<Long_Name>Benguela Niños: Physikalische Prozesse und langperiodische Variabilität</Long_Name>
</Project>
<Project>
<Short_Name>TRIATLAS</Short_Name>
<Long_Name>Tropical and South Atlantic climate-based marine ecosystem predictions for sustainable management</Long_Name>
</Project>
<Access_Constraints>unrestricted</Access_Constraints>
<Use_Constraints>CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</Use_Constraints>
<Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
<Data_Center>
<Data_Center_Name>
<Short_Name>PANGAEA</Short_Name>
<Long_Name>Data Publisher for Earth &amp; Environmental Science</Long_Name>
</Data_Center_Name>
<Data_Center_URL>https://www.pangaea.de/</Data_Center_URL>
<Personnel>
<Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
<First_Name>Michael</First_Name>
<Last_Name>Diepenbroek</Last_Name>
<Email>info@pangaea.de</Email>
<Contact_Address>
<Address>Leobener Str.</Address>
<City>Bremen</City>
<Province_or_State>Bremen</Province_or_State>
<Postal_Code>28359</Postal_Code>
<Country>Germany</Country>
</Contact_Address>
</Personnel>
</Data_Center>
<Distribution>
<Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
<Distribution_Size>579960 data points</Distribution_Size>
<Distribution_Format>text/tab-separated-values</Distribution_Format>
</Distribution>
<Reference>Dengler, Marcus; Arévalo-Martínez, Damian L; Aroucha, Léo Costa; Awo, Founi Mesmin; Begler, Christian; Eisnecker, Paula; Elsäßer, Antje; Friedrich, Berit; Henning, Philipp; Anicet, Rodrigue; Kounge, Imbol; Jacobsen, Mats; Körner, Mareike; Krahmann, Gerd; Melzer, Hannah; Mock, Leon-Cornelius; Mrozowska, Marta A; Nielsen, Martina; Otte, Frank; Perschon, Justus; Pöhnl, Denise; Reese, Nina R; Söder, Jens; Stockmayer, Vera; Wölker, Yannick (2024): Benguela Niños: Physical Processes in Upwelling Regions and Long-Term Variability, Cruise No. M189/1, April 16 - May 13, 2023, Walvis Bay (Namibia) - Walvis Bay (Namibia). METEOR-Berichte, Begutachtungspanel Forschungsschiffe, M189/1, 52 pp, https://doi.org/10.48433/cr_m189_1</Reference>
<Reference>CTD data of Cruise M189 in netcdf format [dataset]. https://download.pangaea.de/reference/139547/attachments/met_189_1_ctd_nc_rel3.zip</Reference>
<Summary>94 CTD profiles from the Northern Benguela and Tropical Angolan Upwelling region collected using Seabird 911plus system equipped with dual temperature-conductivity-oxygen sensors. The system had a 24-bottle water sampling rosette with 10 l Niskin bottles. Water sampling, processing, and calibration followed GO-SHIP recommendations (Swift, 2010; McTaggart et al., 2010; Uchida et al., 2010) and included the recommended steps Data Conversion, Sensor Time-Alignment, Creation of Bottle Files, Outlier Removal, Pressure Sensor Filtering, Conductivity Cell Thermal Mass Correction, Ship Roll Correction and Deck Offset Correction by Loop Editing, as well as Derivation of Calculated Properties. After these steps, conductivity and oxygen readings were calibrated against values determined with salinometry and Winkler titration , respectively. Finally, the downcast data was averaged over 1 dbar wide intervals. An independent upcast calibration was used to obtain calibrated CTDO values coincident with the discrete water samples. ** For all details see the full metadata description at "https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.993682"!</Summary>
<Related_URL>
<URL>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6709</URL>
<Description>LATITUDE</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6709</URL>
<Description>LONGITUDE</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601</URL>
<Description>DATE/TIME</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://banino.geomar.de</URL>
<Description>BANINO</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.48433/cr_m189_1</URL>
<Description>Benguela Niños: Physical Processes in Upwelling Regions and Long-Term Variability, Cruise No. M189/1, April 16 - May 13, 2023, Walvis Bay (Namibia) - Walvis Bay (Namibia)</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RV_Meteor_(1986)</URL>
<Description>Meteor (1986)</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_sound</URL>
<Description>Sound velocity in water</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbidity</URL>
<Description>Turbidity (Nephelometric turbidity unit)</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://triatlas.w.uib.no</URL>
<Description>TRIATLAS</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://www.geomar.de/mdengler/</URL>
</Related_URL>
<Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
<Metadata_Version>9.4</Metadata_Version>
<DIF_Creation_Date>2026-04-20</DIF_Creation_Date>
<Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2026-04-29</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
