Hess Anya V dranyahess@gmail.com 0000-0001-9272-2534 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution WHOI https://ror.org/03zbnzt98 George Mason University https://ror.org/02jqj7156 Wang Shouyi 0000-0002-9046-6474 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution WHOI https://ror.org/03zbnzt98 University of Colorado, Boulder https://ror.org/02ttsq026 Ummenhofer Caroline C Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution WHOI https://ror.org/03zbnzt98 Rosenthal Yair rosentha@marine.rutgers.edu 0000-0002-7546-6011 The State University of New Jersey Rutgers http://www.rutgers.edu/ https://ror.org/05vt9qd57 Oppo Delia W doppo@whoi.edu 0000-0003-2946-5904 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution WHOI https://ror.org/03zbnzt98 2026 Last millennium surface-thermocline temperature difference reconstructions from the Indonesian Throughflow based on planktonic foraminifera Mg/Ca dataset https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.993404 2026-04-14T15:06:59 This data accompanies Hess et al. (2026, Science Advances). It consists of Last Millennium (750 CE to present) surface-thermocline temperature differences from the Indonesian Seas, calculated from Mg/Ca-derived sea-surface temperatures (Globigerinoides ruber; Oppo et al., 2009, Esswein, 2012) and thermocline temperatures (Pulleniatina obliquiloculata; Hess et al., 2026). Temperatures derived using the species-specific calibrations of Hollstein et al. (2017). Data from cores recovered in very close proximity to each other have been grouped (Makassar Strait sites BJ8-03 31MC, 32GGC, 34GGC; and Java Sea Sites BJ8-03 6MC, 7GGC) and spliced; multicorer (MC) data were used for the period over which it is available. Ages have been updated to Marine20 and generated, with age uncertainty, using geoChronR (McKay et al., 2021). Anand Pallavi pallavi.anand@open.ac.uk 0000-0002-3159-0096 Elderfield Henry he101@esc.cam.ac.uk http://www.esc.cam.ac.uk/people/academic-staff/harry-elderfield Conte Maureen H mconte@whoi.edu 2003 Calibration of Mg/Ca thermometry in planktonic foraminifera from a sediment trap time series journal article Paleoceanography 18(2) https://doi.org/10.1029/2002PA000846 1050 Esswein Katherine Lee 2012 Patterns of climate variability in the western equatorial Pacific during the Common Era dissertation Rutgers University-Graduate School-New Brunswick Hess Anya V dranyahess@gmail.com 0000-0001-9272-2534 Ummenhofer Caroline C Rosenthal Yair rosentha@marine.rutgers.edu 0000-0002-7546-6011 Oppo Delia W doppo@whoi.edu 0000-0003-2946-5904 in review A Strong Pacific Walker Circulation During the Little Ice Age journal article Hollstein Martina mhollstein@marum.de 0000-0002-5899-9959 Mohtadi Mahyar mmohtadi@marum.de 0000-0003-3306-0969 Rosenthal Yair rosentha@marine.rutgers.edu 0000-0002-7546-6011 Moffa-Sanchez Paola paola.l.moffa-sanchez@durham.ac.uk 0000-0003-1857-8954 Oppo Delia W doppo@whoi.edu 0000-0003-2946-5904 Martínez-Méndez Gema 0000-0001-7950-6837 Steinke Stephan ssteinke@xmu.edu.cn Hebbeln Dierk dhebbeln@marum.de 0000-0001-5099-6115 2017 Stable Oxygen Isotopes and Mg/Ca in Planktic Foraminifera From Modern Surface Sediments of the Western Pacific Warm Pool: Implications for Thermocline Reconstructions journal article Paleoceanography 32(11) https://doi.org/10.1002/2017PA003122 1174-1194 McKay Nicholas 0000-0003-3598-5113 Emile-Geay J 0000-0001-5920-4751 Khider D 0000-0001-7501-8430 2021 geoChronR – an R package to model, analyze, and visualize age-uncertain data journal article Geochronology (GChron) 3(1) https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-149-2021 149-169 Newton A 0000-0003-4062-876X Thunell Robert C https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Thunell Stott Lowell D stott@usc.edu 0000-0002-2025-0731 2006 Climate and hydrographic variability in the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool during the last millennium journal article Geophysical Research Letters 33(19) https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027234 2006GL027234 Oppo Delia W doppo@whoi.edu 0000-0003-2946-5904 Rosenthal Yair rosentha@marine.rutgers.edu 0000-0002-7546-6011 Linsley Braddock K blinsley@ldeo.columbia.edu 0000-0003-2085-0662 2009 2,000-year-long temperature and hydrology reconstructions from the Indo-Pacific warm pool journal article Nature 460(7259) https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08233 1113-1116 Rustic Gerald T Koutavas Athanasios 0000-0001-9484-1094 Marchitto Thomas M thomas.marchitto@colorado.edu 0000-0003-2397-8768 Linsley Braddock K blinsley@ldeo.columbia.edu 0000-0003-2085-0662 2015 Dynamical excitation of the tropical Pacific Ocean and ENSO variability by Little Ice Age cooling journal article Science 350(6267) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac9937 1537-1541 Steinke Stephan ssteinke@xmu.edu.cn Prange Matthias mprange@marum.de 0000-0001-5874-756X Feist Christin Groeneveld Jeroen jgroneneveld@uni.bremen.de 0000-0002-8382-8019 Mohtadi Mahyar mmohtadi@marum.de 0000-0003-3306-0969 2014 Upwelling variability off southern Indonesia over the past two millennia journal article Geophysical Research Letters 41(21) https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061450 7684-7693 National Science Foundation NSF https://doi.org/10.13039/100000001 OCE-2303513 27852 CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Campaign Campaign Hess Anya V dranyahess@gmail.com 0000-0001-9272-2534 Campaign Site Site site Hess Anya V dranyahess@gmail.com 0000-0001-9272-2534 Site Calendar age, median Cal age median a AD/CE Hess Anya V dranyahess@gmail.com 0000-0001-9272-2534 Cal age median [a AD/CE] Sea surface temperature SST °C Temperature Θ http://dbpedia.org/resource/Temperature Hess Anya V dranyahess@gmail.com 0000-0001-9272-2534 median temperature calculated from G. ruber Mg/Ca SST [°C] (median temperature calculated...) Sea surface temperature SST °C Temperature Θ http://dbpedia.org/resource/Temperature Hess Anya V dranyahess@gmail.com 0000-0001-9272-2534 25th percentile temperature calculated from G. ruber Mg/Ca SST [°C] (25th percentile temperature c...) Sea surface temperature SST °C Temperature Θ http://dbpedia.org/resource/Temperature Hess Anya V dranyahess@gmail.com 0000-0001-9272-2534 75th percentile temperature calculated from G. ruber Mg/Ca SST [°C] (75th percentile temperature c...) Thermocline water temperature TWT °C Temperature Θ http://dbpedia.org/resource/Temperature Hess Anya V dranyahess@gmail.com 0000-0001-9272-2534 median temperature calculated from P. obliquiloculata Mg/Ca TWT [°C] (median temperature calculated...) Thermocline water temperature TWT °C Temperature Θ http://dbpedia.org/resource/Temperature Hess Anya V dranyahess@gmail.com 0000-0001-9272-2534 25th percentile temperature calculated from P. obliquiloculata Mg/Ca TWT [°C] (25th percentile temperature c...) Thermocline water temperature TWT °C Temperature Θ http://dbpedia.org/resource/Temperature Hess Anya V dranyahess@gmail.com 0000-0001-9272-2534 75th percentile temperature calculated from P. obliquiloculata Mg/Ca TWT [°C] (75th percentile temperature c...) Temperature, difference delta T °C Temperature Θ http://dbpedia.org/resource/Temperature Hess Anya V dranyahess@gmail.com 0000-0001-9272-2534 surface-thermocline delta T [°C] (surface-thermocline) Temperature, difference delta T °C Temperature Θ http://dbpedia.org/resource/Temperature Hess Anya V dranyahess@gmail.com 0000-0001-9272-2534 25th percentile of temperature difference of surface-thermocline delta T [°C] (25th percentile of temperatur...) Temperature, difference delta T °C Temperature Θ http://dbpedia.org/resource/Temperature Hess Anya V dranyahess@gmail.com 0000-0001-9272-2534 75th percentile of temperature difference of surface-thermocline delta T [°C] (75th percentile of temperatur...) CurationLevelC Enhanced curation https://wiki.pangaea.de/wiki/Curation_levels Foraminifera Indonesian Throughflow Little Ice Age medieval climate anomaly Mg/Ca Mg/Ca planktonic foraminifera Pacific Water Circulation Pulleniatina obliquiloculata Thermocline thermocline depth thermocline water temperature author105 author10780 author111175 author114520 author116541 author116542 author20126 author22620 author25825 author26232 author26233 author27683 author28355 author29622 author30011 author42633 author50743 author51083 author51084 author53024 author61342 author62422 author70591 author73749 author757 author774 author796 author919 award4024 curlevel30 funder20211 inst20185 inst20490 inst20582 inst21614 journal11658 journal12511 journal14481 journal16991 journal6096 license21 param134113 param48491 param50814 param523911 param7152 param88542 pi111175 ref138978 ref138979 ref138980 ref138981 ref138982 ref138983 ref32126 ref65710 ref94937 term37810 term43972 term47481 term49887 term542 term67453 term67890 term69321 term74480 term77383 term77384 term827 term828