PANGAEA_993404 Last millennium surface-thermocline temperature difference reconstructions from the Indonesian Throughflow based on planktonic foraminifera Mg/Ca Hess, Anya V; Wang, Shouyi; Ummenhofer, Caroline C; Rosenthal, Yair; Oppo, Delia W Last millennium surface-thermocline temperature difference reconstructions from the Indonesian Throughflow based on planktonic foraminifera Mg/Ca 2026-04-14 PANGAEA Dataset https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.993404 Investigator Anya V Hess dranyahess@gmail.com Earth Science Campaign Site Calendar age, median Sea surface temperature Thermocline water temperature Temperature, difference geoscientificInformation Foraminifera Indonesian Throughflow Little Ice Age medieval climate anomaly Mg/Ca Mg/Ca planktonic foraminifera Pacific Water Circulation Pulleniatina obliquiloculata Thermocline thermocline depth thermocline water temperature Complete access rights needed CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (License comes into effect after moratorium ends) English PANGAEA Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science https://www.pangaea.de/ Data Center Contact Michael Diepenbroek info@pangaea.de

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Bremen Bremen 28359 Germany online 27852 data points text/tab-separated-values Anand, Pallavi; Elderfield, Henry; Conte, Maureen H (2003): Calibration of Mg/Ca thermometry in planktonic foraminifera from a sediment trap time series. Paleoceanography, 18(2), 1050, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002PA000846 Esswein, Katherine Lee (2012): Patterns of climate variability in the western equatorial Pacific during the Common Era [dissertation]. Rutgers University-Graduate School-New Brunswick Hess, Anya V; Ummenhofer, Caroline C; Rosenthal, Yair; Oppo, Delia W (in review): A Strong Pacific Walker Circulation During the Little Ice Age. Hollstein, Martina; Mohtadi, Mahyar; Rosenthal, Yair; Moffa-Sanchez, Paola; Oppo, Delia W; Martínez-Méndez, Gema; Steinke, Stephan; Hebbeln, Dierk (2017): Stable Oxygen Isotopes and Mg/Ca in Planktic Foraminifera From Modern Surface Sediments of the Western Pacific Warm Pool: Implications for Thermocline Reconstructions. Paleoceanography, 32(11), 1174-1194, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017PA003122 McKay, Nicholas; Emile-Geay, J; Khider, D (2021): geoChronR – an R package to model, analyze, and visualize age-uncertain data. Geochronology (GChron), 3(1), 149-169, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-149-2021 Newton, A; Thunell, Robert C; Stott, Lowell D (2006): Climate and hydrographic variability in the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool during the last millennium. Geophysical Research Letters, 33(19), 2006GL027234, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027234 Oppo, Delia W; Rosenthal, Yair; Linsley, Braddock K (2009): 2,000-year-long temperature and hydrology reconstructions from the Indo-Pacific warm pool. Nature, 460(7259), 1113-1116, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08233 Rustic, Gerald T; Koutavas, Athanasios; Marchitto, Thomas M; Linsley, Braddock K (2015): Dynamical excitation of the tropical Pacific Ocean and ENSO variability by Little Ice Age cooling. Science, 350(6267), 1537-1541, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac9937 Steinke, Stephan; Prange, Matthias; Feist, Christin; Groeneveld, Jeroen; Mohtadi, Mahyar (2014): Upwelling variability off southern Indonesia over the past two millennia. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(21), 7684-7693, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061450

This data accompanies Hess et al. (2026, Science Advances). It consists of Last Millennium (750 CE to present) surface-thermocline temperature differences from the Indonesian Seas, calculated from Mg/Ca-derived sea-surface temperatures (Globigerinoides ruber; Oppo et al., 2009, Esswein, 2012) and thermocline temperatures (Pulleniatina obliquiloculata; Hess et al., 2026). Temperatures derived using the species-specific calibrations of Hollstein et al. (2017). Data from cores recovered in very close proximity to each other have been grouped (Makassar Strait sites BJ8-03 31MC, 32GGC, 34GGC; and Java Sea Sites BJ8-03 6MC, 7GGC) and spliced; multicorer (MC) data were used for the period over which it is available. Ages have been updated to Marine20 and generated, with age uncertainty, using geoChronR (McKay et al., 2021). ** For all details see the full metadata description at "https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.993404"!

https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061450 Upwelling variability off southern Indonesia over the past two millennia https://doi.org/10.1002/2017PA003122 Stable Oxygen Isotopes and Mg/Ca in Planktic Foraminifera From Modern Surface Sediments of the Western Pacific Warm Pool: Implications for Thermocline Reconstructions https://doi.org/10.1029/2002PA000846 Calibration of Mg/Ca thermometry in planktonic foraminifera from a sediment trap time series https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027234 Climate and hydrographic variability in the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool during the last millennium https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08233 2,000-year-long temperature and hydrology reconstructions from the Indo-Pacific warm pool https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac9937 Dynamical excitation of the tropical Pacific Ocean and ENSO variability by Little Ice Age cooling https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-149-2021 geoChronR – an R package to model, analyze, and visualize age-uncertain data DIF 9.4 2026-04-14 2026-04-14