Novak, Joseph B; Abell, Jordan; Kinsley, Christopher (2026): Mean stable carbon isotope gradient between North Pacific and North Atlantic [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.993223, In: Novak, JB et al. (2026): 4.5 million years of deep ocean carbon isotope gradients and trace metals redox data [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.983612
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Published: 2026-04-08 • DOI registered: 2026-04-08
Abstract:
This data set contains the mean stable carbon isotope gradient between the deep North Pacific and deep North Atlantic during the Holocene, Last Glacial Maximum, and the marine isotope stages of the mid-Piacenzian Warm Period. These values include estimates of their uncertainty as determined by a bootstrapping technique. These values were calculated from the Pliocene and Quaternary timeslices of benthic stable carbon isotope gradients compiled as part of this study (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.993230). These values give insights into how the storage of respired and disequilibrium carbon in the deep North Pacific has changed through time.
Original version:
Novak, Joseph B; Abell, Jordan; Kinsley, Christopher (2026): Mean stable carbon isotope gradient between North Pacific and North Atlantic [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.983607
References:
Novak, Joseph B; Abell, Jordan; Kinsley, Christopher (2026): Pliocene and Quaternary timeslices of deep ocean carbon isotope gradients [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.993230
Comment:
Methods:
Δδ13C982-Site# was calculated for all sites in the Pacific greater than 2000 meters water depth.
The mean of these values (Δδ13C982-NPAC) was considered to represent the mean difference between the NADW benthic δ13C and deep North Pacific benthic δ13C.
Uncertainty in Δδ13C982-NPAC was estimated via bootstrapping. Δδ13C982-Site# values were randomly resampled 10,000 times with the random.choices function in Python.
The N of the resampled distribution was equivalent to the number of sites with available data for a given interval.
The mean values of these 10,000 randomly resampled distributions were then ordered from smallest to largest and the 250th, and 9750th values were taken as representative of the bounds of the 95% confidence interval.
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Marine isotope stage | MIS | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | ||
| 2 | Age, dated, range, minimum | Age dated min | ka | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | Start of marine isotope stage |
| 3 | Age, dated | Age dated | ka | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | Midpoint of marine isotope stage. This is included in the spreadsheet for ease of making plots. |
| 4 | Age, dated, range, maximum | Age dated max | ka | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | End of marine isotope stage |
| 5 | Number of records, total | N records tot | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | Included in the bin | |
| 6 | Δ13C | Δ13C | ‰ | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | 2.5% Δδ13C982-NPAC (‰): lower bound of the 95% confidence interval of the difference between ODP 982 and mean deep North Pacific benthic stable carbon isotope composition in per mille |
| 7 | Δ13C | Δ13C | ‰ | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | 16% Δδ13C982-NPAC (‰): lower bound of the 68% confidence interval of the difference between ODP 982 and mean deep North Pacific benthic stable carbon isotope composition in per mille |
| 8 | Δ13C | Δ13C | ‰ | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | Mean Δδ13C982-NPAC (‰): Mean difference between ODP 982 and mean deep North Pacific benthic stable carbon isotope composition in per mille |
| 9 | Δ13C | Δ13C | ‰ | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | 84% Δδ13C982-NPAC (‰): upper bound of the 68% confidence interval of the difference between ODP 982 and mean deep North Pacific benthic stable carbon isotope composition in per mille |
| 10 | Δ13C | Δ13C | ‰ | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | 97.5% Δδ13C982-NPAC (‰): upper bound of the 95% confidence interval of the difference between ODP 982 and mean deep North Pacific benthic stable carbon isotope composition in per mille |
| 11 | δ18O | δ18O | ‰ | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | 2.5% probstack ?18O (‰): lower bound of the 95% confidence interval in probstack benthic stable oxygen composition in per mille |
| 12 | δ18O | δ18O | ‰ | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | 16% probstack ?18O (‰): lower bound of the 68% confidence interval in probstack benthic stable oxygen composition in per mille |
| 13 | δ18O | δ18O | ‰ | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | mean binned probstack ?18O (‰): mean probstack benthic stable oxygen composition in per mille |
| 14 | δ18O | δ18O | ‰ | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | 84% probstack ?18O (‰): upper bound of the 68% confidence interval in probstack benthic stable oxygen composition in per mille |
| 15 | δ18O | δ18O | ‰ | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | 97.5% probstack ?18O (‰): upper bound of the 95% confidence interval in probstack benthic stable oxygen composition in per mille |
Change history:
2026-03-26T07:36:16 – Version 2: Previous version doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.983607 contains errors.
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Basic curation (CurationLevelB)
Size:
195 data points
Data
| 1 MIS | 2 Age dated min [ka] (Start of marine isotope stage) | 3 Age dated [ka] (Midpoint of marine isotope st...) | 4 Age dated max [ka] (End of marine isotope stage) | 5 N records tot (Included in the bin) | 6 Δ13C [‰] (2.5% Δδ13C982-NPAC (‰): lower...) | 7 Δ13C [‰] (16% Δδ13C982-NPAC (‰): lower ...) | 8 Δ13C [‰] (Mean Δδ13C982-NPAC (‰): Mean ...) | 9 Δ13C [‰] (84% Δδ13C982-NPAC (‰): upper ...) | 10 Δ13C [‰] (97.5% Δδ13C982-NPAC (‰): uppe...) | 11 δ18O [‰] (2.5% probstack ?18O (‰): lowe...) | 12 δ18O [‰] (16% probstack ?18O (‰): lower...) | 13 δ18O [‰] (mean binned probstack ?18O (‰...) | 14 δ18O [‰] (84% probstack ?18O (‰): upper...) | 15 δ18O [‰] (97.5% probstack ?18O (‰): upp...) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Holocene | 0 | 3.0 | 6 | 51 | 0.683 | 0.705 | 0.730 | 0.754 | 0.779 | 2.90 | 3.07 | 3.24 | 3.41 | 3.57 |
| LGM | 19 | 21.0 | 23 | 53 | 1.462 | 1.485 | 1.510 | 1.534 | 1.560 | 4.62 | 4.76 | 4.90 | 5.04 | 5.18 |
| G21 | 3025 | 3032.0 | 3039 | 9 | 0.766 | 0.807 | 0.850 | 0.877 | 0.903 | 2.76 | 2.99 | 3.22 | 3.45 | 3.67 |
| G22 | 3039 | 3047.0 | 3055 | 9 | 0.542 | 0.579 | 0.618 | 0.655 | 0.690 | 3.11 | 3.21 | 3.32 | 3.43 | 3.54 |
| K1 | 3055 | 3071.0 | 3087 | 9 | 0.638 | 0.692 | 0.749 | 0.799 | 0.847 | 2.78 | 2.97 | 3.18 | 3.39 | 3.59 |
| K2 | 3087 | 3092.0 | 3097 | 9 | 0.391 | 0.447 | 0.506 | 0.569 | 0.630 | 2.86 | 3.00 | 3.14 | 3.28 | 3.41 |
| KM1 | 3097 | 3108.0 | 3119 | 9 | 0.661 | 0.739 | 0.820 | 0.900 | 0.976 | 2.89 | 3.04 | 3.19 | 3.34 | 3.49 |
| KM2 | 3119 | 3134.5 | 3150 | 9 | 0.898 | 0.950 | 1.005 | 1.038 | 1.070 | 3.06 | 3.21 | 3.36 | 3.51 | 3.66 |
| KM3 | 3150 | 3158.5 | 3167 | 9 | 0.789 | 0.842 | 0.896 | 0.941 | 0.984 | 2.63 | 2.84 | 3.05 | 3.26 | 3.46 |
| KM4 | 3167 | 3175.5 | 3184 | 9 | 0.436 | 0.502 | 0.570 | 0.633 | 0.694 | 2.78 | 2.96 | 3.15 | 3.34 | 3.52 |
| KM5 | 3184 | 3198.0 | 3212 | 10 | 0.400 | 0.439 | 0.479 | 0.520 | 0.559 | 2.62 | 2.87 | 3.12 | 3.37 | 3.62 |
| KM6 | 3212 | 3225.0 | 3238 | 10 | 0.563 | 0.608 | 0.656 | 0.702 | 0.746 | 2.78 | 2.93 | 3.09 | 3.25 | 3.41 |
| M1 | 3238 | 3251.0 | 3264 | 10 | 0.669 | 0.731 | 0.796 | 0.853 | 0.909 | 2.86 | 2.99 | 3.13 | 3.27 | 3.39 |