https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.992726Liao, JinJinLiao0000-0002-3385-8199Wuhan Geological Survey CenterDay, ChristopherChristopherDay0000-0001-6875-769XUniversity of OxfordPANGAEA2026Archaeological culturesCalcium isotopesCentral Chinaspeleothemtrace elementsSample numberAGEAge, errorDISTANCEδ44/42 Caδ44/42 Ca, errorRayleigh fractional model, crystallizationRayleigh fractional model, crystallization, errorPrecipitation, annual totalPrecipitation, annual total, errorSpeleothem sampleAge, Uranium-ThoriumAge, 14C calibration OxCal (Ramsey, 2008)MeasuredInductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), Attom, Nu InstrumentsCalculated, 2 standard deviationAccording to Owen et al. (2016)Dataset10.1093/nsr/nwaf56710.1016/j.epsl.2016.03.027344 data pointstext/tab-separated-valuesCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 InternationalStalagmite calcium (d44Ca) isotope data was used to reconstruct regional paleorainfall amount in the Central China between 4.6 kyr BP and 3.5 kyr BP. The stalagmite (HS4) was collected from Heshang Cave in the Middle Yangtze Valley, Central China (30º27′N, 110º25′E, 294 m.a.s.l). HS4 Stalagmite length in this study ranges between 112.63 and 151.03 cm. The working half of HS4 was slabbed. Micro drilling of 343 continuous samples was undertaken by using a New-Wave Micromill. Every eighth sample was measured for d44Ca. The measurement resolution is ~25 years. The data was measured using a Nu Instruments multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) at the University of Oxford, Department of Earth Sciences in 2016.110.416730.45Yangtze Valley, Central ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of Chinahttps://doi.org/10.13039/50110000180941731177National Natural Science Foundation of Chinahttps://doi.org/10.13039/50110000180941902185