<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><md:MetaData xmlns:md="http://www.pangaea.de/MetaData" version="2024-07-19">
<md:citation id="dataset990487">
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<md:lastName>Yang</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Dazhi</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>yangdazhi.nus@gmail.com</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0003-2162-6873</md:orcid>
</md:author>
<md:year>2026</md:year>
<md:title>Basic measurements of radiation at station Qiqihar (2024-10)</md:title>
<md:type id="dataset.reftype10" includeInCitation="true">dataset</md:type>
<md:source id="dataset.sourceinst22007" semanticURI="https://ror.org/01yqg2h08" type="institution">Harbin Institute of Technology</md:source>
<md:URI>https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.990487</md:URI>
<md:dateTime>2026-02-09T08:20:40</md:dateTime>
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<md:lastName>Yang</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Dazhi</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>yangdazhi.nus@gmail.com</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0003-2162-6873</md:orcid>
</md:author>
<md:year>2025</md:year>
<md:title>BSRN Station-to-archive file for station Qiqihar (2024-10)</md:title>
<md:type id="ref132370.reftype10" includeInCitation="true">dataset</md:type>
<md:URI>ftp://ftp.bsrn.awi.de/qiq/qiq1024.dat.gz</md:URI>
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<md:westBoundLongitude>124.4852</md:westBoundLongitude>
<md:eastBoundLongitude>124.4852</md:eastBoundLongitude>
<md:southBoundLatitude>47.7957</md:southBoundLatitude>
<md:northBoundLatitude>47.7957</md:northBoundLatitude>
<md:meanLongitude>124.4852</md:meanLongitude>
<md:meanLatitude>47.7957</md:meanLatitude>
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<md:minDateTime>2024-10-01T00:00:00</md:minDateTime>
<md:maxDateTime>2024-10-31T23:59:00</md:maxDateTime>
</md:temporal>
<md:elevation geocodeId="geocode56349" name="HEIGHT above ground" unit="m">
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<md:name>Baseline Surface Radiation Network</md:name>
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<md:institution id="project4094.inst32">
<md:name>Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven</md:name>
<md:optionalName>AWI</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>https://www.awi.de/</md:URI>
<md:ROR>https://ror.org/032e6b942</md:ROR>
</md:institution>
</md:project>
<md:event id="event3183964">
<md:label>QIQ</md:label>
<md:optionalLabel>Qiqihar</md:optionalLabel>
<md:latitude>47.7957</md:latitude>
<md:longitude>124.4852</md:longitude>
<md:elevation>170.0</md:elevation>
<md:dateTime>2023-01-01T00:00:00</md:dateTime>
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<md:name>China</md:name>
</md:location>
<md:method id="event3183964.method11312">
<md:name>Monitoring station</md:name>
<md:optionalName>MONS</md:optionalName>
</md:method>
<md:comment>BSRN station no: 94; Station scientist: Dazhi Yang yangdazhi.nus@gmail.com</md:comment>
</md:event>
<md:size unit="data points">847879</md:size>
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<md:label>BSRN-1.0</md:label>
<md:name>Baseline Surface Radiation Network License 1.0</md:name>
<md:URI>https://bsrn.awi.de/data/conditions-of-data-release/</md:URI>
</md:license>
<md:comment>Version 2, 2026-02-09 including meteo.</md:comment>
<md:matrixColumn behaviour="4" col="0" format="yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm" id="col0.ds15859929" source="geocode" type="datetime">
<md:parameter id="col0.ds15859929.geocode1599">
<md:name>DATE/TIME</md:name>
<md:shortName>Date/Time</md:shortName>
<md:URI>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601</md:URI>
<md:term endOffset="9" fragment="2" id="col0.ds15859929.geocode1599.term43975" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#Time" startOffset="5" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
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</md:parameter>
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<md:lastName>Yang</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Dazhi</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>yangdazhi.nus@gmail.com</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0003-2162-6873</md:orcid>
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</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn behaviour="1" col="1" format="###0" id="col1.ds15859935" source="geocode" type="numeric">
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<md:name>HEIGHT above ground</md:name>
<md:shortName>Height</md:shortName>
<md:unit>m</md:unit>
<md:URI>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height</md:URI>
<md:term endOffset="6" fragment="1" id="col1.ds15859935.geocode56349.term1073288" semanticURI="urn:obo:pato:term:0000119" startOffset="0" terminologyId="14" terminologyLabel="PATO">
<md:name>height</md:name>
<md:URI>http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000119</md:URI>
</md:term>
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<md:name>Length</md:name>
<md:optionalName>L</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>http://dbpedia.org/resource/Length</md:URI>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:PI id="col1.ds15859935.pi86298">
<md:lastName>Yang</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Dazhi</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>yangdazhi.nus@gmail.com</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0003-2162-6873</md:orcid>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>Height [m]</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="2" format="###0" id="col2.ds15859941" source="data" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col2.ds15859941.param31460">
<md:name>Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation</md:name>
<md:shortName>SWD</md:shortName>
<md:unit>W/m**2</md:unit>
<md:term endOffset="19" fragment="1" id="col2.ds15859941.param31460.term48981" startOffset="11" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>downward</md:name>
</md:term>
<md:term id="col2.ds15859941.param31460.term43923" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#PowerPerArea" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
<md:name>Power per Area</md:name>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:method id="col2.ds15859941.method17735">
<md:name>Pyranometer, Kipp &amp; Zonen, CMP22, SN 210763, WRMC No. 94001</md:name>
</md:method>
<md:PI id="col2.ds15859941.pi86298">
<md:lastName>Yang</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Dazhi</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>yangdazhi.nus@gmail.com</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0003-2162-6873</md:orcid>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>SWD [W/m**2]</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="3" format="###0.0" id="col3.ds15859946" source="data" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col3.ds15859946.param55905">
<md:name>Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation, standard deviation</md:name>
<md:shortName>SWD std dev</md:shortName>
<md:unit>W/m**2</md:unit>
<md:term endOffset="19" fragment="1" id="col3.ds15859946.param55905.term48981" startOffset="11" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>downward</md:name>
</md:term>
<md:term endOffset="58" fragment="2" id="col3.ds15859946.param55905.term37764" startOffset="40" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>standard deviation</md:name>
<md:optionalName>std dev</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation</md:URI>
</md:term>
<md:term id="col3.ds15859946.param55905.term43923" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#PowerPerArea" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
<md:name>Power per Area</md:name>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:method id="col3.ds15859946.method17735">
<md:name>Pyranometer, Kipp &amp; Zonen, CMP22, SN 210763, WRMC No. 94001</md:name>
</md:method>
<md:PI id="col3.ds15859946.pi86298">
<md:lastName>Yang</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Dazhi</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>yangdazhi.nus@gmail.com</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0003-2162-6873</md:orcid>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>SWD std dev [W/m**2]</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="4" format="###0" id="col4.ds15859952" source="data" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col4.ds15859952.param55906">
<md:name>Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation, minimum</md:name>
<md:shortName>SWD min</md:shortName>
<md:unit>W/m**2</md:unit>
<md:term endOffset="19" fragment="1" id="col4.ds15859952.param55906.term48981" startOffset="11" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>downward</md:name>
</md:term>
<md:term endOffset="47" fragment="2" id="col4.ds15859952.param55906.term41019" startOffset="40" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>minimum</md:name>
</md:term>
<md:term id="col4.ds15859952.param55906.term43923" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#PowerPerArea" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
<md:name>Power per Area</md:name>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:method id="col4.ds15859952.method17735">
<md:name>Pyranometer, Kipp &amp; Zonen, CMP22, SN 210763, WRMC No. 94001</md:name>
</md:method>
<md:PI id="col4.ds15859952.pi86298">
<md:lastName>Yang</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Dazhi</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>yangdazhi.nus@gmail.com</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0003-2162-6873</md:orcid>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>SWD min [W/m**2]</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="5" format="###0" id="col5.ds15859958" source="data" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col5.ds15859958.param55907">
<md:name>Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation, maximum</md:name>
<md:shortName>SWD max</md:shortName>
<md:unit>W/m**2</md:unit>
<md:term endOffset="19" fragment="1" id="col5.ds15859958.param55907.term48981" startOffset="11" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>downward</md:name>
</md:term>
<md:term endOffset="47" fragment="2" id="col5.ds15859958.param55907.term38492" startOffset="40" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>maximum</md:name>
</md:term>
<md:term id="col5.ds15859958.param55907.term43923" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#PowerPerArea" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
<md:name>Power per Area</md:name>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:method id="col5.ds15859958.method17735">
<md:name>Pyranometer, Kipp &amp; Zonen, CMP22, SN 210763, WRMC No. 94001</md:name>
</md:method>
<md:PI id="col5.ds15859958.pi86298">
<md:lastName>Yang</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Dazhi</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>yangdazhi.nus@gmail.com</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0003-2162-6873</md:orcid>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>SWD max [W/m**2]</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="6" format="###0" id="col6.ds15859964" source="data" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col6.ds15859964.param45294">
<md:name>Direct radiation</md:name>
<md:shortName>DIR</md:shortName>
<md:unit>W/m**2</md:unit>
<md:term id="col6.ds15859964.param45294.term43923" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#PowerPerArea" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
<md:name>Power per Area</md:name>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:method id="col6.ds15859964.method17736">
<md:name>Pyrheliometer, Kipp &amp; Zonen, CH1, SN 220963, WRMC No. 94002</md:name>
</md:method>
<md:PI id="col6.ds15859964.pi86298">
<md:lastName>Yang</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Dazhi</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>yangdazhi.nus@gmail.com</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0003-2162-6873</md:orcid>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>DIR [W/m**2]</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="7" format="###0.0" id="col7.ds15859970" source="data" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col7.ds15859970.param55962">
<md:name>Direct radiation, standard deviation</md:name>
<md:shortName>DIR std dev</md:shortName>
<md:unit>W/m**2</md:unit>
<md:term endOffset="36" fragment="1" id="col7.ds15859970.param55962.term37764" startOffset="18" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>standard deviation</md:name>
<md:optionalName>std dev</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation</md:URI>
</md:term>
<md:term id="col7.ds15859970.param55962.term43923" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#PowerPerArea" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
<md:name>Power per Area</md:name>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:method id="col7.ds15859970.method17736">
<md:name>Pyrheliometer, Kipp &amp; Zonen, CH1, SN 220963, WRMC No. 94002</md:name>
</md:method>
<md:PI id="col7.ds15859970.pi86298">
<md:lastName>Yang</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Dazhi</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>yangdazhi.nus@gmail.com</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0003-2162-6873</md:orcid>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>DIR std dev [W/m**2]</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="8" format="###0" id="col8.ds15859976" source="data" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col8.ds15859976.param55957">
<md:name>Direct radiation, minimum</md:name>
<md:shortName>DIR min</md:shortName>
<md:unit>W/m**2</md:unit>
<md:term endOffset="25" fragment="1" id="col8.ds15859976.param55957.term41019" startOffset="18" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>minimum</md:name>
</md:term>
<md:term id="col8.ds15859976.param55957.term43923" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#PowerPerArea" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
<md:name>Power per Area</md:name>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:method id="col8.ds15859976.method17736">
<md:name>Pyrheliometer, Kipp &amp; Zonen, CH1, SN 220963, WRMC No. 94002</md:name>
</md:method>
<md:PI id="col8.ds15859976.pi86298">
<md:lastName>Yang</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Dazhi</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>yangdazhi.nus@gmail.com</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0003-2162-6873</md:orcid>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>DIR min [W/m**2]</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="9" format="###0" id="col9.ds15859982" source="data" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col9.ds15859982.param55958">
<md:name>Direct radiation, maximum</md:name>
<md:shortName>DIR max</md:shortName>
<md:unit>W/m**2</md:unit>
<md:term endOffset="25" fragment="1" id="col9.ds15859982.param55958.term38492" startOffset="18" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>maximum</md:name>
</md:term>
<md:term id="col9.ds15859982.param55958.term43923" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#PowerPerArea" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
<md:name>Power per Area</md:name>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:method id="col9.ds15859982.method17736">
<md:name>Pyrheliometer, Kipp &amp; Zonen, CH1, SN 220963, WRMC No. 94002</md:name>
</md:method>
<md:PI id="col9.ds15859982.pi86298">
<md:lastName>Yang</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Dazhi</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>yangdazhi.nus@gmail.com</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0003-2162-6873</md:orcid>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>DIR max [W/m**2]</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="10" format="###0" id="col10.ds15859988" source="data" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col10.ds15859988.param45293">
<md:name>Diffuse radiation</md:name>
<md:shortName>DIF</md:shortName>
<md:unit>W/m**2</md:unit>
<md:term id="col10.ds15859988.param45293.term43923" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#PowerPerArea" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
<md:name>Power per Area</md:name>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:method id="col10.ds15859988.method17737">
<md:name>Pyranometer, Kipp &amp; Zonen, CMP22, SN 220799, WRMC No. 94003</md:name>
</md:method>
<md:PI id="col10.ds15859988.pi86298">
<md:lastName>Yang</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Dazhi</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>yangdazhi.nus@gmail.com</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0003-2162-6873</md:orcid>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>DIF [W/m**2]</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="11" format="###0.0" id="col11.ds15859994" source="data" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col11.ds15859994.param55961">
<md:name>Diffuse radiation, standard deviation</md:name>
<md:shortName>DIF std dev</md:shortName>
<md:unit>W/m**2</md:unit>
<md:term endOffset="37" fragment="1" id="col11.ds15859994.param55961.term37764" startOffset="19" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>standard deviation</md:name>
<md:optionalName>std dev</md:optionalName>
<md:URI>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation</md:URI>
</md:term>
<md:term id="col11.ds15859994.param55961.term43923" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#PowerPerArea" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
<md:name>Power per Area</md:name>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:method id="col11.ds15859994.method17737">
<md:name>Pyranometer, Kipp &amp; Zonen, CMP22, SN 220799, WRMC No. 94003</md:name>
</md:method>
<md:PI id="col11.ds15859994.pi86298">
<md:lastName>Yang</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Dazhi</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>yangdazhi.nus@gmail.com</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0003-2162-6873</md:orcid>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>DIF std dev [W/m**2]</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="12" format="###0" id="col12.ds15860000" source="data" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col12.ds15860000.param55959">
<md:name>Diffuse radiation, minimum</md:name>
<md:shortName>DIF min</md:shortName>
<md:unit>W/m**2</md:unit>
<md:term endOffset="26" fragment="1" id="col12.ds15860000.param55959.term41019" startOffset="19" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>minimum</md:name>
</md:term>
<md:term id="col12.ds15860000.param55959.term43923" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#PowerPerArea" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
<md:name>Power per Area</md:name>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:method id="col12.ds15860000.method17737">
<md:name>Pyranometer, Kipp &amp; Zonen, CMP22, SN 220799, WRMC No. 94003</md:name>
</md:method>
<md:PI id="col12.ds15860000.pi86298">
<md:lastName>Yang</md:lastName>
<md:firstName>Dazhi</md:firstName>
<md:eMail>yangdazhi.nus@gmail.com</md:eMail>
<md:orcid>0000-0003-2162-6873</md:orcid>
</md:PI>
<md:caption>DIF min [W/m**2]</md:caption>
</md:matrixColumn>
<md:matrixColumn col="13" format="###0" id="col13.ds15860006" source="data" type="numeric">
<md:parameter id="col13.ds15860006.param55960">
<md:name>Diffuse radiation, maximum</md:name>
<md:shortName>DIF max</md:shortName>
<md:unit>W/m**2</md:unit>
<md:term endOffset="26" fragment="1" id="col13.ds15860006.param55960.term38492" startOffset="19" terminologyId="18" terminologyLabel="PAN-MicroBio">
<md:name>maximum</md:name>
</md:term>
<md:term id="col13.ds15860006.param55960.term43923" semanticURI="http://qudt.org/1.1/vocab/quantity#PowerPerArea" terminologyId="13" terminologyLabel="PAN-Quantity">
<md:name>Power per Area</md:name>
</md:term>
</md:parameter>
<md:method id="col13.ds15860006.method17737">
<md:name>Pyranometer, Kipp &amp; Zonen, CMP22, SN 220799, WRMC No. 94003</md:name>
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<md:lastName>Yang</md:lastName>
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