<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!--*** Generated from internal PANGAEA metadata schema by dif.xslt ***--><DIF xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.4.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/">
<Entry_ID>PANGAEA_990477</Entry_ID>
<Entry_Title>Sea ice brine biogeochemistry measured during RV POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXIII/7 aka WWOS in 2006</Entry_Title>
<Data_Set_Citation>
<Dataset_Creator>Thomas, David Neville; Papadimitriou, Stathys</Dataset_Creator>
<Dataset_Title>Sea ice brine biogeochemistry measured during RV POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXIII/7 aka WWOS in 2006</Dataset_Title>
<Dataset_Release_Date>2026-02-25</Dataset_Release_Date>
<Dataset_Publisher>PANGAEA</Dataset_Publisher>
<Data_Presentation_Form>Dataset</Data_Presentation_Form>
<Online_Resource>https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.990477</Online_Resource>
</Data_Set_Citation>
<Personnel>
<Role>Investigator</Role>
<First_Name>David Neville</First_Name>
<Last_Name>Thomas</Last_Name>
<Email>david.thomas@helsinki.fi</Email>
</Personnel>
<Discipline>
<Discipline_Name>Earth Science</Discipline_Name>
</Discipline>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Event label</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>DATE/TIME</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>LATITUDE</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>LONGITUDE</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Sample ID</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>DEPTH, ice/snow</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Temperature, brine</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Salinity</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>pH</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Alkalinity, total</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Carbon, inorganic, dissolved</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>δ13C, dissolved inorganic carbon</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Oxygen</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Dissolved oxygen saturation</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Chlorophyll a</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Phaeopigments</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Carbon, organic, dissolved</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Nitrogen, organic, dissolved</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Ammonium</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Nitrite</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Nitrate and Nitrite</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Phosphate</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Silicate</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Nitrogen, organic, particulate</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Carbon, organic, particulate</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>δ18O, ice</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 240 nm</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 280 nm</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 300 nm</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 330 nm</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 350 nm</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Absorption coefficient, colored dissolved organic matter at 440 nm</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
<Keyword>ANT-XXIII/7</Keyword>
<Keyword>biogeochemical data</Keyword>
<Keyword>brine</Keyword>
<Keyword>Ice station</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/542-2</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/543-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/545-2</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/549-2</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/551-2</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/554-2</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/556-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/561-2</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/564-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/565-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/567-4</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/568-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/572-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/574-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/576-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/577-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/578-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/579-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/580-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/581-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/584-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>PS69/585-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>Sea ice</Keyword>
<Keyword>Southern Ocean</Keyword>
<Keyword>Weddell Sea</Keyword>
<Keyword>WS-1</Keyword>
<Keyword>WS-10</Keyword>
<Keyword>WS-11</Keyword>
<Keyword>WS-12</Keyword>
<Keyword>WS-13</Keyword>
<Keyword>WS-14</Keyword>
<Keyword>WS-15</Keyword>
<Keyword>WS-16</Keyword>
<Keyword>WS-17</Keyword>
<Keyword>WS-18</Keyword>
<Keyword>WS-19</Keyword>
<Keyword>WS-2</Keyword>
<Keyword>WS-20</Keyword>
<Keyword>WS-21</Keyword>
<Keyword>WS-22</Keyword>
<Keyword>WS-4</Keyword>
<Keyword>WS-5</Keyword>
<Keyword>WS-6</Keyword>
<Keyword>WS-7</Keyword>
<Sensor_Name>
<Long_Name>Thermometer, HANNA Instruments, HI93530 [calibrated K-Thermocouple probe]</Long_Name>
</Sensor_Name>
<Sensor_Name>
<Long_Name>Conductivity meter, SEMAT, Cond 315i/SET; measured with conductivity probe, WTW, TetraCon 325</Long_Name>
</Sensor_Name>
<Sensor_Name>
<Long_Name>pH meter (Metrohm electrodes)</Long_Name>
</Sensor_Name>
<Sensor_Name>
<Long_Name>Potentiometric titration</Long_Name>
</Sensor_Name>
<Sensor_Name>
<Long_Name>Vacuum line manometer, Chell instruments</Long_Name>
</Sensor_Name>
<Sensor_Name>
<Long_Name>Mass spectrometer, VG SIRA II and Mass spectrometer, PDZ Europa Ltd.</Long_Name>
</Sensor_Name>
<Sensor_Name>
<Long_Name>Winkler titration with photometric end-point detection</Long_Name>
</Sensor_Name>
<Sensor_Name>
<Long_Name>Calculated</Long_Name>
</Sensor_Name>
<Sensor_Name>
<Long_Name>Fluorometer, Turner Design, TD-700</Long_Name>
</Sensor_Name>
<Sensor_Name>
<Long_Name>TOC analyzer, MQ 1001</Long_Name>
</Sensor_Name>
<Sensor_Name>
<Long_Name>Flow injection analyser, Lachat Instruments</Long_Name>
</Sensor_Name>
<Sensor_Name>
<Long_Name>Fluorescence spectrophotometer, Hitachi, F-2000</Long_Name>
</Sensor_Name>
<Sensor_Name>
<Long_Name>Flow injection analyzer, Lachat Instruments, QuikChem 8000</Long_Name>
</Sensor_Name>
<Sensor_Name>
<Long_Name>CN analyzer, Europa Scientific</Long_Name>
</Sensor_Name>
<Sensor_Name>
<Long_Name>Isotope ratio mass spectrometer, PDZ Europa Ltd., 20-20</Long_Name>
</Sensor_Name>
<Sensor_Name>
<Long_Name>UV-VIS-Spektrophotometer, Shimadzu, 1601</Long_Name>
</Sensor_Name>
<Source_Name>
<Long_Name>Polarstern</Long_Name>
</Source_Name>
<Temporal_Coverage>
<Start_Date>2006-09-08</Start_Date>
<Stop_Date>2006-10-13</Stop_Date>
</Temporal_Coverage>
<Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
<Spatial_Coverage>
<Southernmost_Latitude>-65.1104</Southernmost_Latitude>
<Northernmost_Latitude>-59.8351</Northernmost_Latitude>
<Westernmost_Longitude>-57.40559999999999</Westernmost_Longitude>
<Easternmost_Longitude>-40.81630000000001</Easternmost_Longitude>
<Minimum_Depth>0.15 m (DEPTH, ice/snow)</Minimum_Depth>
<Maximum_Depth>1.86 m (DEPTH, ice/snow)</Maximum_Depth>
</Spatial_Coverage>
<Access_Constraints>unrestricted</Access_Constraints>
<Use_Constraints>CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</Use_Constraints>
<Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
<Data_Center>
<Data_Center_Name>
<Short_Name>PANGAEA</Short_Name>
<Long_Name>Data Publisher for Earth &amp; Environmental Science</Long_Name>
</Data_Center_Name>
<Data_Center_URL>https://www.pangaea.de/</Data_Center_URL>
<Personnel>
<Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
<First_Name>Michael</First_Name>
<Last_Name>Diepenbroek</Last_Name>
<Email>info@pangaea.de</Email>
<Contact_Address>
<Address>Leobener Str.</Address>
<City>Bremen</City>
<Province_or_State>Bremen</Province_or_State>
<Postal_Code>28359</Postal_Code>
<Country>Germany</Country>
</Contact_Address>
</Personnel>
</Data_Center>
<Distribution>
<Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
<Distribution_Size>3143 data points</Distribution_Size>
<Distribution_Format>text/tab-separated-values</Distribution_Format>
</Distribution>
<Reference>Lemke, Peter (2009): The Expedition of the Research Vessel Polarstern to the Antarctic in 2006 (ANT-XXIII/7). Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung = Reports on Polar and Marine Research, 586, 147 pp, https://doi.org/10.2312/BzPM_0586_2009</Reference>
<Reference>Norman, Louiza; Thomas, David Neville; Stedmon, Colin A; Granskog, Mats A; Papadimitriou, Stathys; Krapp, Rupert H; Meiners, Klaus M; Lannuzel, Delphine; Van Der Merwe, P; Dieckmann, Gerhard S (2011): The characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in Antarctic sea ice. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 58(9-10), 1075-1091, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.030</Reference>
<Reference>Papadimitriou, Stathys; Kennedy, Hilary; Norman, Louiza; Kennedy, D P; Dieckmann, Gerhard S; Thomas, David Neville (2012): The effect of biological activity, CaCO 3 mineral dynamics, and CO 2 degassing in the inorganic carbon cycle in sea ice in late winter‐early spring in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 117(C8), 2012JC008058, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JC008058</Reference>
<Reference>Stedmon, Colin A; Thomas, David Neville; Papadimitriou, Stathys; Granskog, Mats A; Dieckmann, Gerhard S (2011): Using fluorescence to characterize dissolved organic matter in Antarctic sea ice brines. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116(G3), G03027, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001716</Reference>
<Reference>Underwood, G J C; Fietz, Susanne; Papadimitriou, Stathys; Thomas, David Neville; Dieckmann, Gerhard S (2010): Distribution and composition of dissolved extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in Antarctic sea ice. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 404, 1-19, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08557</Reference>
<Reference>Underwood, Graham J C; Aslam, Shazia N; Michel, Christine; Niemi, Andrea; Norman, Louiza; Meiners, Klaus M; Laybourn-Parry, Johanna; Paterson, Harriet; Thomas, David Neville (2013): Broad-scale predictability of carbohydrates and exopolymers in Antarctic and Arctic sea ice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(39), 15734-15739, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1302870110</Reference>
<Summary>During the WWOS expedition of RV Polarstern in 2006 sea ice brine samples (from sackhole sampling) were routinely taken. Subsequent analyses included pH, temperature, salinity, dissolved inorganic and organic (DOC &amp; DON) nutrients (Nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, silicate), dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, 13C of DIC, 18O, chlorophyll, Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, CDOM absorbance. ** For all details see the full metadata description at "https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.990477"!</Summary>
<Related_URL>
<URL>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6709</URL>
<Description>LATITUDE</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6709</URL>
<Description>LONGITUDE</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601</URL>
<Description>DATE/TIME</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.030</URL>
<Description>The characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in Antarctic sea ice</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001716</URL>
<Description>Using fluorescence to characterize dissolved organic matter in Antarctic sea ice brines</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JC008058</URL>
<Description>The effect of biological activity, CaCO 3 mineral dynamics, and CO 2 degassing in the inorganic carbon cycle in sea ice in late winter‐early spring in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1302870110</URL>
<Description>Broad-scale predictability of carbohydrates and exopolymers in Antarctic and Arctic sea ice</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-3-163</URL>
<Description>Polarstern</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.2312/BzPM_0586_2009</URL>
<Description>The Expedition of the Research Vessel Polarstern to the Antarctic in 2006 (ANT-XXIII/7)</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08557</URL>
<Description>Distribution and composition of dissolved extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in Antarctic sea ice</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.32187.d001</URL>
<Description>Chlorophyll a</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
<Metadata_Version>9.4</Metadata_Version>
<DIF_Creation_Date>2026-02-25</DIF_Creation_Date>
<Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2026-07-30</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
